共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 251 毫秒
1.
抗生素后效应(PAE)是近年来在国内外逐渐引起学术界关注的新理论,是评价抗生素药效学的一项新指标,反映了药物持续抑菌时间的长短。该理论在医药领域的研究已经很广泛,但在兽医领域中,对PAE的研究仅处于起步阶段。主要对我国部分抗菌药的抗生素后效应的研究进展作一综述,以期为兽医工作者进行抗菌药的后效应研究提供参考。 相似文献
2.
兽用氟喹诺酮类的抗菌后效应、抗菌后亚抑制浓度效应、亚抑制浓度效应 总被引：16，自引：2，他引：14
5种兽医专用氟喹诺酮类抗菌药在体外对猪链球菌、大肠杆菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌均具有不同程度的PAE，最长者可达3.23h。其中对猪大肠杆菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌的PAE略长于对猪链球菌的PAE。各抗菌药对3种细菌同时也具有较PAE更长的抗菌后亚抑制浓度效应（PA-SME），并受诱导PAE的药物浓度、亚抑菌药物浓度（Sub-MIC)及细菌种类的影响。不定期一接种量细菌暴露于各Sub-MIC的药物中也表出现一定的亚抑制浓度效应（SME），且随Sub-MIC的增加而增加。 相似文献
3.
抗生素后效应 ( post- antibiotic effect,PAE)是指细菌与抗生素短暂接触后 ,即使抗生素被清除或浓度低于最低抑菌浓度 ( MIC) ,细菌生长仍受到持续抑制的效应。PAE现象早在本世纪中期即被Parker和 Eagle发现 ,但直到 70年代 Mc Donald和Craig提出 PAE概念后才引起广泛重视 [1]。近十年来 ,国内外医学领域正广泛开展各类抗生素的 PAE研究[2 ] ,并发现化学合成抗菌药如氟喹诺酮类药物也具有明显的 PAE[3～ 4 ] ,PAE特征已成为评价抗菌药物的药效学及设计抗菌药物用药方案的重要指标之一。兽医学领域 ,迄今尚未见国内关于 PAE的研… 相似文献
4.
5.
近年来，对抗生素后效应（Postantibiotic Effect，PAE）的研究逐渐受到国内外学者的重视，其研究不断深入，发现几乎所有的药物都具有PAE。目前许多国家已将PAE作为评价抗生素抗菌药效的重要参数和设计临床给药方案的重要依据。抗生素后效应系指细菌与抗生素短暂接触，当清除药物后，细菌的生长仍受到持续抑制的现象。PAE改变了人们长期以来认为的抗生素必须达到并且维持有效血液浓度才能发挥作用的观念，加强了人们关于药物对细菌繁殖规律影响的认识。鸭型大肠杆菌是兽医临床上畜禽常见致病菌，危害性很大，严重影响了畜禽业的发展。而由白头翁、连翘、黄芩、柴胡（具备清热解毒，消炎抑菌等作用），提取液与盐酸环丙沙星组成的复方制剂——菌利康临床应用效果较好。我们对其PAE进行研究，以期进一步优化临床给药方案的设计，减少抗生素给药剂量，延长给药时间间隔，减少不良反应，同时也能保证药物的抗菌效果，充分发挥药效。 相似文献
6.
7.
8.
抗菌药物的抗菌后效应研究进展及其意义 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
抗菌药的抗菌后效应 (PAE)是新近提出的一个重要概念 ,它是细菌对抗微生物药敏感性的结构特征性指标 ,几乎是所有抗菌药物的一种性质。PAE以时间的长短来表示 ,可作为重要的药效学参数 ,可作为设计给药方案的参考依据 ,并为临床调整用药间隔提供理论基础 ,且对给药方案中存在的疗效、不良反应、费用和方便性等问题提供了很好的解决办法。该参数能较大程度地完善药效动力学评价指标 ,全面反映药物、细菌及宿主三者之间的关系 ,为临床中抗菌药物的合理使用提供了一定的思路 相似文献
9.
10.
氟苯尼考对大肠杆菌K99体外抗菌后效应研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
抗菌后效应（Postantibiotic effect，PAE）是指细菌与抗菌药物短暂接触后，当药物清除或低于最低抑菌浓度（MIC）时，细菌的生长仍然受到持续抑制的现象。近年来，抗菌后效应的研究逐渐受到国内外学者的重视，其研究不断深入，发现几乎所有的抗菌药物都具有PAE。 相似文献
11.
12.
13.
魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
14.
本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
15.
16.
以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
17.
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
18.
19.
20.
Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献