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1.
对分离自阿拉尔的1株斯氏艾美耳球虫(Eimeria stiedai)进行了致病性与免疫原性分析。试验共分5组,4个试验组每只兔分别口服感染1.0×103,5.0×103,5.0×104和1.5×105个孢子化卵囊;感染后14 d对1.0×103和5.0×103剂量组的剩余兔以2.5×105个孢子化卵囊攻毒,用0～5分肝脏平均病变记分、肝重指数和每克粪便的平均虫卵数(OPG)测定致病性及其免疫原性。结果显示:低剂量感染可引起轻微病变,5.0×104个孢子化卵囊感染即可表现出明显的致病作用,但免疫原性试验表明其免疫原性较弱。  相似文献   

2.
为了深入研究斯氏艾美耳球虫的致病性,通过给幼兔人工感染不同数量的斯氏艾美耳球虫孢子化卵囊,对其发病后的急性临床症状及病理变化进行观察与分析。将幼兔分为4组,空白对照组和3个试验组。除空白对照组外,3个试验组家兔分别经口感染斯氏艾美耳球虫孢子化卵囊2×105个/只、1×105个/只、0.5×105个/只。结果表明,在感染后第8天,3个试验组和空白对照组家兔的每克粪便卵囊数(OPG)分别为2.19×107、2×107、1×107和0,相对增重率分别为38.9%、58.0%、73.3%和100%。表明斯氏艾美耳球虫对幼兔有很强的致病性。  相似文献   

3.
为了解斯氏艾美耳球虫四川株致病性、免疫原性等生物学特性,为后续免疫和防控等研究提供参考。将45只36日龄幼兔随机分为9组,第1组为空白对照组,第2组～第5组为致病性试验组,于50日龄每只兔分别经口感染1×10~4、5×10~4、1×10~5、2×10~5个孢子化卵囊;第6组～第9组为免疫原性试验组,于36日龄每只兔分别口服接种5×10~2、5×10~3、1×10~4、5×10~4个孢子化卵囊,14 d后给予2×10~5个孢子化卵囊的感染量。测定最小潜隐期和排卵高峰并以临床症状、卵囊排出量、相对增重、肝指数、肝脏病理变化作为评价指标。分离培养斯氏艾美耳球虫四川株卵囊,测定其最短孢子化时间及卵囊大小。结果表明,斯氏艾美耳球虫四川株最小潜隐期是13 d,排卵高峰在感染后22 d～23 d,孢子化卵囊的平均大小为36.2μm(28.2μm～38.1μm)×19.9μm(17.80μm～22.3μm),卵囊指数为1.81,27℃恒温培养最短孢子化时间为41 h。致病性试验组与空白对照组肝指数、平均增重、相对增重率差异显著(P0.05);免疫原性试验组与攻毒对照组肝指数、平均增重、相对增重率差异不显著(P0.05)。斯氏艾美耳球虫四川株致病性较强,低剂量感染就能显著降低增重并引起明显病变,但其免疫原性较差。  相似文献   

4.
为初步探讨3种兔对斯氏艾美耳球虫的耐受力差异及该球虫的毒力,本文分离得到成都地区的斯氏艾美耳球虫,用两种不同剂量的该球虫对新西兰白兔、比利时兔、福建黄兔进行致病性试验。结果发现:感染1×105个孢子化卵囊时,3种兔的死亡率分别为90%、80%和80%;平均增重差异不显著;肝脏病变计分差异不显著;平均死亡时间为感染后的18.67天、20.88天和21天。当感染5×104个孢子化卵囊时,3种兔的死亡率分别为80%、80%和70%;平均增重、肝脏病变计分和肝指数差异不显著;平均死亡时间为感染后的18.63天、20天和21天。结果表明:3个品种兔在感染相同剂量该球虫后,死亡率和死亡时间有差异,福建黄兔死亡时间偏后,死亡率相对较低,但3者在增重和病变计分上并无显著差异;斯氏艾美耳球虫成都分离株的致病力强,5×104个孢子化卵囊可造成幼兔至少70%的死亡。  相似文献   

5.
本试验应用1.0×103、1.0×104和5.0×1043个不同剂量的柔嫩艾美耳球虫孢子化卵囊,进行人工感染发病。对雏鸡感染后不同时间的卵囊排出情况进行了观察。结果表明用3个剂量水平分别感染雏鸡时,卵囊排出均集中在第6～12d之间。其中第7d时的卵囊排出量最高,且3个剂量水平中,1.0×103组OPG最高达81.00;1.0×104个/只和5.0×104个剂量组略次之,分别为76.50和68.85;第7d以后各组的卵囊排出量均逐渐减少,到第13d时基本不再向外排卵囊。  相似文献   

6.
《中国兽医学报》2017,(3):461-465
建立兔斯氏艾美耳球虫感染模型,为研究斯氏艾美耳球虫感染兔的有效防治方法提供适合的动物模型。2月龄普通级新西兰兔16只,分组单笼饲养。从自然感染的肝脏中收集斯氏艾美耳球虫卵囊,培养孢子化,孢子化的卵囊1.0×105个/mL,3mL孢子化卵囊口服感染新西兰兔,建立兔斯氏艾美耳球虫感染模型,并对感染1个月后的新西兰兔的肝脏、十二指肠进行病理学观察比较。结果显示:斯氏艾美耳球虫对新西兰兔部分致病性观察发现,新西兰兔在感染后出现明显的临床症状,严重制约了其生长发育。形态学观察发现肝脏感染严重,表面布满白色结节,胆囊中胆汁浓稠,颜色呈金黄色,而十二指肠虽未感染球虫,却也有较显著的病变。病理学观察发现肝脏中存在大量斯氏艾美耳球虫,十二指肠中不存在球虫,但组织结构亦被破坏,十二指肠绒毛遭到严重破坏。结果表明:本试验成功建立了兔斯氏艾美耳球虫感染模型。  相似文献   

7.
采用单卵囊分离技术,从广西壮族自治区玉林市某兔场兔球虫混合感染样品中获得1株球虫,用其接种无球虫兔进行增殖,根据其形态、大小等特征和PCR鉴定确定其种类,并对其生物学特性和致病性进行研究。结果显示,该虫株寄生于小肠中后段,卵囊呈梨形,孢子化后有卵囊残体,潜隐期为198h,孢子化时间为36h。通过随机测定100个孢子化卵囊后发现,孢子化卵囊的大小为(26.7~34.5)μm×(16.9~24.1)μm,形状指数1.41~1.55。对照相关文献并进行PCR鉴定,确定该虫株为纯种肠艾美耳球虫。当兔感染3×103个/只以上该虫株孢子化卵囊后,出现精神沉郁,排出干粪或稀粪等球虫病临床症状或死亡,且增重显著低于空白对照组。感染3×103个/只该虫株孢子化卵囊后第11天剖检,小肠中后段可见明显的肠壁增厚,褶皱增多并伴有出血;病理切片可见空肠黏膜充血、出血,浆液渗出,黏膜层见大量典型虫体。结果表明该虫株具有强致病性。  相似文献   

8.
四种兔艾美耳球虫卵囊产量的比较   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
分别用4种兔艾美耳球虫经口接种45日龄无球虫感染兔,接种剂量为1×104个卵囊/兔。感染后4d～20d,以麦克马斯特氏法计数每天排出的卵囊。结果表明,肠艾美耳球虫排卵量最多,为365.76×106个,中型艾美耳球虫为317.26×106个、黄艾美耳球虫为304.36×106个,大型艾美耳球虫排卵量最少,为200.12×106个。大型艾美耳球虫在感染后第6.5天有卵囊排出,第10.5天达到高峰(66.50×106个/只),占总量的33.23%;肠艾美耳球虫在感染后第9天有卵囊排出,第13天达到高峰(138.40×106个/只),占总量的37.83%;黄艾美耳球虫在感染后第9天有卵囊排出,第11天达到高峰(102.80×106个/只),占总量的33.78%;中型艾美耳球虫在感染后第4.5天有卵囊排出,第6.5天达到高峰(167.8×106个/只),占总量的52.89%。  相似文献   

9.
本试验应用1.0×103、1.0×104和5.0×1043个不同剂量的柔嫩艾美耳球虫孢子化卵囊,进行人工感染发病。对雏鸡感染后不同时间的盲肠病变、血便和卵囊排放量以及死亡率进行了观察。结果表明不同剂量的柔嫩艾美耳球虫感染对雏鸡盲肠病变、卵囊排放量、血便以及死亡率均有不同程度的影响,上述指标多随着感染剂量的加大而变大,但卵囊排放量当感染剂量增加到5.0×104时反而降低。血便和死亡率各组均以感染后第6d最为严重,卵囊排放量以感染后第7d最多。  相似文献   

10.
为了掌握大型艾美耳球虫原始株的生物学特性,通过对大型艾美耳球虫原始株的潜隐期、致病性、免疫原性及药敏特性等方面进行研究。结果表明,大型艾美耳球虫原始株的潜隐期为168h,孢子化所需时间为37h~42h;在致病性试验中,不同接种剂量的显露期和排卵高峰一致,但卵囊产量不同,其中接种剂量为5×10~3个卵囊组的产卵囊量最多,与对照组相比,各感染组均出现不同程度的临床症状和病理变化。在免疫原性试验中,低剂量免疫(100个卵囊)可以对30 000个卵囊的攻虫量产生完全的保护力。在药敏试验中,根据临床表现、卵囊排出量、饲料转化率判断,大型艾美耳球虫对3种抗球虫药的药效最好是莫能菌素,药效最低的是氯苯胍。大型艾美耳球虫原始株致病性较强,免疫原性良好,对莫能菌素敏感,即莫能菌素对其有良好的防治效果,可作为防治家兔感染大型艾美耳球虫的首选药之一。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

14.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

15.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

16.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

17.
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.  相似文献   

18.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

19.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

20.
Comparison of different tests to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
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