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为了测定不同化学杀菌剂对香蕉灰纹病的毒力,采用菌丝生长速率法测定了9种杀菌剂对3株香蕉灰纹病菌的抑制效果。结果表明,80%多菌灵可湿性粉剂（WP）和12.5%氟环唑悬浮剂（SC）毒力最强,平均EC50值均小于1 mg/L;25%丙环唑乳油（EC）、37%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂（WG）、20%戊唑醇乳油（EC）和50%甲基硫菌灵悬浮剂（SC）次之,平均EC50值在1～3 mg/L之间;80%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂（WP）和24%腈苯唑悬浮剂（SC）毒力一般,平均EC50值在9～20 mg/L之间;40%百菌清悬浮剂（SC）毒力最弱,平均EC50值为46.572 4 mg/L。80%多菌灵WP、12.5%氟环唑SC、25%丙环唑EC、37%苯醚甲环唑WG、20%戊唑醇EC和50%甲基硫菌灵SC可有效抑制香蕉灰纹病菌菌丝生长,可进一步用于田间试验。 相似文献
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近年来芒果炭疽病在贵州芒果园发生普遍、危害极重,通过本研究掌握芒果胶孢炭疽菌（Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz）对不同杀菌剂的毒力及田间防治效果,将为芒果炭疽病的防治提供理论依据。采用生长速率法测定13种杀菌剂对芒果胶孢炭疽菌的毒力,结果表明：13种杀菌剂中450g/L咪鲜胺EW对胶孢炭疽菌抑菌效果最好,EC50小于0.01mg/l,250克/升吡唑醚菌酯EC、50%氟啶胺SC、50%多菌灵WP和12.5%氟环唑SC的EC50均小于1 mg/L,对胶孢炭疽菌具有较好抑菌效果。芒果幼果期进行田间防治,结果表明：450g/L咪鲜胺EW1500倍液、250克/升吡唑醚菌酯EC1250倍液、50%多菌灵WP1000倍液、12.5%氟环唑SC2000倍液、250g/L嘧菌酯SC1250倍液、50%氟啶胺SC1500倍液和70%甲基硫菌灵WP1000倍液等7种药剂可相对有效地控制芒果炭疽病的发生,防效为57.57%~65.57%。该研究将为贵州芒果炭疽病的防治提供理论依据及技术支撑。 相似文献
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由扁桃拟茎点霉菌（Phomopsis amydalina）引起的桃实腐病是为害桃树果实的一种重要真菌性病害。为了能筛选到对该病菌具有强毒力的杀菌剂,本文采用菌丝生长速率法,用8种供试药剂对桃实腐病菌进行了室内毒力测定。结果表明：400g/L氟硅唑（EC）的毒力最强,其EC50值为0.0770μg/mL;其次为125g/L氟环唑（SC）,10%苯醚甲环唑（WG）,300g/L苯甲?丙环唑（EC）和500g/L异菌脲（SC）,它们的EC50值分别为0.2343μg/mL、0.2946μg/mL、0.4184μg/mL和0.4773μg/mL;70%丙森锌（WP）的毒力最弱,其EC50值达到2.1958μg/mL。根据毒力测定结果,我们认为400g/L氟硅唑（EC）可以作为桃实腐病田间药效试验的首选药剂。 相似文献
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为明确引起贵长猕猴桃蒂腐病病原菌的种类并筛选出有效防治药剂,本研究从自然发病果实进行病原菌分离,通过菌株致病性测定、形态学及分子生物学鉴定,并针对病原菌采用6种不同杀菌剂对其的抑菌效果研究。结果表明,分离获得的有效菌株中GC-1和GC-2可引发蒂腐病,将有效菌株的序列结果与 NCBI进行核酸 Blast 比对,GC-1和GC-2分别与木贼镰刀菌(Fusariam)和粉红螺旋聚孢霉(Clonostachys rosea)的同源性达99 %和100 %,结合GC-1和GC-2病原菌形态特征分析,明确引起贵长猕猴桃蒂腐病病原菌为木贼镰刀菌(Fusariam)和粉红螺旋聚孢霉(Clonostachys rosea)。室内毒力测试结果表明,甲基硫菌灵对木贼镰刀菌抑菌效果最好,EC50值为8.2007 mg/L;其次是异菌脲、咪鲜胺、多菌灵、戊唑醇和苯醚甲环唑,Ec50分别为19.6431 mg/L、23.2454 mg/L、37.7505 mg/L、70.2533 mg/L和139.2179 mg/L。多菌灵对粉红螺旋聚孢霉效果最好,EC50值为7.8540 mg/L;其次是咪鲜胺、苯醚甲环唑、甲基硫菌灵、异菌脲和戊唑醇,其Ec50分别为14.3703 mg/L、28.1615 mg/L、100.7953 mg/L、126.3797 mg/L和135.9008 mg/L。因此,引起贵长猕猴桃蒂腐病的病原菌为木贼镰刀菌(Fusariam)和粉红螺旋聚孢霉(Clonostachys rosea);甲基硫菌灵和多菌灵分别对木贼镰刀菌(Fusariam)和粉红螺旋聚孢霉(Clonostachys rosea)的菌丝生长具有明显抑制作用,该研究结果可为贵长猕猴桃蒂腐病的田间药剂防治提供筛选依据。 相似文献
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茎基腐病是百香果毁灭性病害之一。本研究结合症状观察、病原菌分离纯化、致病性测定和分子鉴定等手段,确定了病原种类,进而采用菌丝生长速率法和孢子萌发法对其进行室内毒力测定,以期筛选出高效防控药剂。结果表明：病原菌有典型的镰刀菌特征,其ITS序列与腐皮镰刀菌（Fusarium solani）的多条序列聚在同一分支上,相似性达100%,说明百香果茎腐病的病原为腐皮镰刀菌（Fusarium solani）。室内毒力测定的6种药剂中,250g/L升苯醚甲环唑乳油对菌丝生长的抑制效果最明显,EC50为0.3372 mg/L,其次是450g/L咪鲜胺水乳剂和70%甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂,EC50分别为0.4749 mg/L和0.7172mg/L;但镰刀菌孢子萌发测试表明, 450g/L咪鲜胺水乳剂浓度为9mg/L时的抑制效果最好,为74.78%,其次是70%甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂1400mg/L和250g/L苯醚甲环唑乳油250mg/L,分别为58.89%和33.67%,30%噁霉灵水剂效果最差,浓度为600mg/L时,抑制率接近于0。 相似文献
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采用组织分离法对采自贵阳市花溪区葡萄基地的葡萄炭疽病病样进行分离,致病性测定,结合病原菌形态学特征、rDNA-ITS序列对菌株进行鉴定,并通过菌丝生长抑制法测定了该菌株对7种杀菌剂原药及2组混配药剂的敏感性。结果表明,结合形态学和分子生物学将该菌株鉴定为胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides);7种原药中丁香菌酯对该菌株生长抑制作用最强,EC50值为0.18 mg/L,其次为苯醚甲环唑和双苯菌胺,EC50值分别为1.18 mg/L和1.34 mg/L;混配组合中,吡唑醚菌酯与苯醚甲环唑8:1混配时,其共毒系数(CTC)为168.69,啶氧菌酯与苯醚甲环唑1:4和8:1混配时,CTC分别为197.21和192.69,协同增效效果显著。引起贵阳市花溪区葡萄基地葡萄炭疽病的致病菌为胶孢炭疽菌。 相似文献
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本文描述了番石榴褐斑病菌分离和致病性的测定,同时采用菌丝生长速率法,测定了5种常用杀菌剂对番石榴褐斑菌的毒力,结果表明,10%苯醚甲环唑抑菌效果最好,EC50为0.3599 mg/L;其次是45%咪鲜胺,EC50为2.9438 mg/L;再次是80%代森锰锌和75%百菌清, EC50分别为191.5667mg/L和 415.0018mg/L,80%克菌丹抑菌效果最弱,EC50为721.0244 mg/L。 相似文献
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目前,柑橘砂皮病在国内发病面积逐渐增大,其引起的砂皮、褐色蒂腐和树干流胶大大降低了柑橘的产量和质量。为了更有效的防治柑橘砂皮病,提高柑橘果品质量和产量。本试验利用菌丝生长速率法,测定了34种杀菌剂对柑橘砂皮病菌Diaporthe citri 的毒力。结果表明,百可得效果最好,EC50为0.0112 ug/ml。EC50在1.0000 ug/ml以下的有氟硅唑、多菌灵、咪鲜胺锰盐、吡唑醚菌酯、肟菌﹒戊唑醇、唑醚﹒代森联、苯醚甲环唑、咪鲜胺、戊唑醇。甲基硫菌灵、丙环唑、克菌利果、腐霉利、腈菌唑、病菌清和抑霉唑的EC50在1.0000~10.0000ug/ml之间。EC50在10.0000~100.0000ug/ml的为喹啉铜、烯唑醇、异菌脲、丙森锌、二氯异氰尿酸钠、嘧菌酯、井冈霉素、代森锌和醚菌酯。田间防控杀菌剂以氟硅唑和多菌灵为主,果实贮藏以百可得为主。本研究为田间防控砂皮病提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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结合形态学与分子生物学分析,对采自重庆地区疑似由链格孢菌引起的枇杷叶斑病样品进行病原菌分离鉴定。结果表明,所得病原菌的rDNA-ITS序列与 GenBank中登陆的四株链格孢菌Alternaria alternate（登录号分别为：FJ228163、KT192329、KM100451、KP278185）的相似性均为99%,结合病原菌的菌落、分生孢子形态特征及致病性测定结果,将其鉴定为链格孢菌Alternaria alternate,GenBank登录号为KY397985,并命名为24-CQYB。室内毒力测定结果显示,咪鲜胺、嘧菌酯、甲基硫菌灵、多菌灵及苯醚甲环唑等5种杀菌剂对24-CQYB菌株生长均有抑制作用,其中苯醚甲环唑的抑制效果最好,EC50为3.84 mg/L。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献