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1.
不同品种猪肉质差异比较   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
挑选20 kg左右的汉普夏猪和长撒阉公猪各10头,在相同日粮和相同环境条件下饲喂,当体重分别达到100 kg时屠宰,并现场分割胴体,测胴体品质和肉质性状以及化学组成,以比较不同品种猪肉质差异。结果表明:汉普夏猪瘦肉率和眼肌面积均极显著高于长撒猪(P<0.01),滴水损失和失水率显著高于长撒猪(P<0.05),而背膘厚、熟肉率、b值和粗蛋白(CP)极显著低于长撒猪(P<0.01),猪肉干物质(DM)、剪切力和pH2值显著低于长撒猪(P<0.05)。结果说明汉普夏猪和长撒猪肉质差异显著。  相似文献   

2.
本试验中旨在比较PRKAG3基因在不同品种猪不同生长阶段骨骼肌中的表达差异,并探讨PRKAG3基因与肉质的关系。挑选15 kg左右的汉普夏阉公猪17头和长撒阉公猪16头,饲喂相同饲粮,当体重分别达到20和50 kg时,2个品种的猪分别屠宰5头,体重达到100 kg时分别屠宰7和6头。各生长阶段屠宰后均测定骨骼肌pH、肌糖原含量以及PRKAG3基因表达量,且在100 kg阶段屠宰后同时测定肉质性状。结果表明:1)在不同生长阶段长撒猪骨骼肌中PRKAG3基因的表达量均高于汉普夏猪,特别是在100 kg阶段,长撒猪骨骼肌中PRKAG3基因的表达量是汉普夏猪的6.81倍(P0.05)。长撒猪与汉普夏猪骨骼肌中PRKAG3基因的表达量均随体重的增加而增加,但汉普夏猪不同生长阶段PRKAG3基因的表达量差异不显著(P0.05),而长撒猪PRKAG3基因的表达量在100 kg阶段时显著高于20和50 kg阶段时(P0.05)。2)汉普夏猪和长撒猪的肉质存在差异。汉普夏猪的滴水损失和失水率显著高于长撒猪(P0.05),而熟肉率、黄度(b)值极显著低于长撒猪(P0.01),剪切力和pH2(屠宰后24 h的pH)显著低于长撒猪(P0.05)。与长撒猪相比,汉普夏猪具有较高的肌糖原含量(P0.05)。3)猪骨骼肌中PRKAG3基因的表达量与肉质的相关性存在品种效应。汉普夏猪骨骼肌中PRKAG3基因表达量与滴水损失呈正相关,与熟肉率呈负相关,与pH2呈显著负相关(P0.05)。长撒猪骨骼肌中PRKAG3基因表达量与滴水损失和失水率呈正相关,与pH2呈负相关。上述结果表明,猪骨骼肌中PRKAG3基因具有品种和生长阶段表达差异;猪骨骼肌中PRKAG3基因的表达量与肉质性状相关,特别是与pH2,二者呈显著负相关。  相似文献   

3.
试验旨在对大约克×(巴克夏×沙子岭)(简称大巴沙)猪的胴体性状和肉质性状进行评估。选取99头大巴沙猪进行屠宰测定,主要测定屠宰率、胴体长、背膘厚、眼肌面积和瘦肉率等胴体性状及pH、肉色、大理石纹和肌内脂肪等肉质性状。结果表明,大巴沙猪的屠宰率和瘦肉率分别为72.24%和59.22%,系水力损失和肌内脂肪含量分别为93.16%和2.90%。性状间相关性分析表明,大巴沙猪宰前活重与胴体重、胴体长、眼肌面积呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与屠宰率、pH1、肌苷酸含量呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与嫩度呈极显著负相关(P<0.05),并构建了宰前活重与相关指标的回归方程。研究结果表明,大巴沙猪胴体性状优良、肌肉保水力强、肉质鲜美,可通过宰前活重快速估测屠宰率、胴体长、眼肌面积、肌内脂肪含量,大大节省屠宰测定成本。  相似文献   

4.
本试验对五指山猪和长白猪胴体性状、肉质性状、背最长肌氨基酸和脂肪酸含量进行了分析,旨在探讨五指山猪肉和长白猪肉的肉品质差异。结果表明,长白猪宰前重、胴体直长、胴体斜长、屠宰率、眼肌面积、平均背膘厚及瘦肉率均极显著高于五指山猪(P<0.01);五指山猪肌内脂肪含量极显著高于长白猪(P<0.01),pH、熟肉率、滴水损失和剪切力差异不显著(P>0.05);五指山猪肉的鲜味氨基酸、必需氨基酸、饱和脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸含量均极显著高于长白猪(P<0.01)。因此,五指山猪肉品质优于长白猪。  相似文献   

5.
为分析大约克猪肌糖原含量与胴体品质及肉质的相关关系,将18头体重35 kg左右的大约克猪在相同条件下饲养,体重达100 kg时屠宰,测定肌糖原、胴体品质及肉质。结果表明,肌糖原含量与胴体品质及肉质性状间相关程度有强有弱,相关系数有正有负。肌糖原含量与部分胴体性状相关性显著,与瘦肉率显著正相关,相关系数为0.524（P〈0.05）;与脂肪率显著负相关,相关系数为-0.520（P〈0.05）。肌糖原含量与部分肉质性状相关性显著,如与pH1显著正相关,相关系数为0.613（P〈0.05）,与其他肉质性状相关较弱。肌糖原含量与背最长肌甘氨酸和亚油酸含量极显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.598（P〈0.01）和0.621（P〈0.01）。  相似文献   

6.
选择来源、日龄相近,体重约18 kg的健康去势荣昌猪及DLY公猪各48头,分别随机分为6个重复。分别于20、35、50、80 kg及结束(荣昌猪100 kg、DLY 120 kg)体重时,每个重复选择1头猪只进行屠宰,测定胴体及肉质性状。结果表明:随着体重增加,屠宰率、背膘厚及眼肌面积呈直线或二次曲线上升,胴体瘦肉率呈直线或二次曲线下降,荣昌猪肌肉组织及脂肪组织的发育均早熟于DLY;肉质随体重的增加呈改进趋势,荣昌猪在80～100 kg阶段趋于成熟,DLY在100～120 kg阶段趋于成熟;荣昌猪与DLY胴体性状差异较大,背膘厚、眼肌面积及胴体瘦肉率均有显著或极显著的差异(P<0.05或P<0.01);肉质性状荣昌猪优于DLY猪。  相似文献   

7.
为了探究民猪和大白猪胴体和肉质性状之间的差异,试验以民猪和大白猪为研究对象,在相同的饲养方式及饲养条件下,选取大白猪(日龄180 d)、民猪(日龄180 d和240 d)各6头屠宰,分别测定活体重、活体瘦肉率、背膘厚、眼肌面积等胴体性状;测定pH值、肉色、滴水损失、剪切力、肌内脂肪含量等肉质性状。结果表明：胴体性状同体重与同日龄民猪和大白猪比较变化趋势基本一致,民猪背膘厚显著高于大白猪,眼肌面积极显著低于大白猪,活体瘦肉率和生长速度显著低于大白猪;肉质性状同体重民猪和大白猪相比,民猪肌内脂肪含量极显著高于大白猪,滴水损失和剪切力极显著低于大白猪,肉色红度显著高于大白猪,肉色黄度、亮度和pH24h值与大白猪差异不显著;同日龄民猪肌内脂肪含量和肉色a*值显著高于大白猪,滴水损失和剪切力极显著低于大白猪,肉色黄度、亮度和pH24h值与大白猪差异不显著。说明民猪和大白猪具有较大的遗传基础差异,民猪生长速度慢、瘦肉率低,但肌内脂肪含量高、嫩度和保水性好、肉色鲜红,肉质明显优于大白猪。  相似文献   

8.
试验旨在研究日粮中添加不同浓度胍基乙酸对育肥猪生长性能、胴体品质、肌肉品质、脂肪的影响。试验结果表明:(1)生长性能:日粮中添加500、1000、1500 mg/kg胍基乙酸,育肥猪出栏体重、日增重显著增加(P0.05),料肉比显著降低(P0.05)。(2)屠宰性能:育肥猪屠宰后胴体重和瘦肉率极显著提高(P0.01),屠宰率、眼肌面积显著提高(P0.05),第十肋骨处背膘厚显著降低(P0.05),屠宰后胴体重、瘦肉率、屠宰率、眼肌面积分别提高7.5%,3.2%,4.3%,8.7%,第十肋骨处背膘厚降低13.7%。(3)肌肉品质、脂肪:对背最长肌的亮度、红度、黄度影响差异不显著,滴水损失影响差异显著(P0.05),蒸煮损失、剪切力影响差异极显著(P0.01)。对半腱肌的红度影响差异显著(P0.05),滴水损失、蒸煮损失、剪切力影响差异极显著(P0.01),背最长肌滴水损失、蒸煮损失、剪切力分别下降26.6%、30.8%、25.9%,半腱肌滴水损失、蒸煮损失、剪切力分别下降32.7%、15.9%、17.2%。对背最长肌、半腱肌pH_(45 min)的影响差异显著(P0.05),pH_(24 h)的影响差异极显著(P0.01)。对背最长肌粗脂肪影响差异显著(P0.05),对半腱肌中的粗脂肪影响差异极显著(P0.01),背最长肌、半腱肌中粗脂肪含量分别下降20.5%、16.0%。  相似文献   

9.
为研究五莲黑猪与杜长大猪的胴体品质及营养成分差异,本实验随机选取25 kg左右、健康无病、发育整齐的五莲黑猪、杜洛克猪×长白猪×大白猪三元杂交商品猪(杜长大猪)健康仔猪各20头,在同一个猪场中采取中等营养标准饲喂至约100 kg体重时屠宰,测定胴体性状和猪肉品质指标。结果表明:在胴体性能上,五莲黑猪的屠宰率(75.40%)与杜长大猪(75.90%)差异不显著,而五莲黑猪的胴体长、眼肌面积和腿臀比例低于杜长大猪(P<0.01);五莲黑猪的瘦肉率低于杜长大猪(P<0.01);在肉质性状上,五莲黑猪的肌内脂肪含量是杜长大猪的1.93倍(P<0.05),肌肉水分含量低于杜长大猪(P<0.01);五莲黑猪的总饱和脂肪酸含量低于杜长大猪(P<0.01),总不饱和脂肪酸高于杜长大猪(P<0.01),游离脂肪酸高于杜长大猪(P<0.05);鲜味氨基酸含量高于杜长大猪(P<0.01)。由此可见,五莲黑猪的瘦肉率显著低于杜长大猪,但其在肌内脂肪含量、脂肪酸、鲜味氨基酸含量方面优于杜长大猪。  相似文献   

10.
通过对斯格猪及斯八级进杂交猪育肥性能、胴体性状及肉质品质分析。结果表明,斯格猪生长速度显著高于斯八级进杂交猪(P<0.05),全期增重与平均日增重分别比斯八级进杂交猪高9.39%和9.30%;瘦肉率、后腿比例、眼肌面积、三点平均背膘厚等胴体性状方面,斯格猪差异显著高于斯八级进杂交猪(P<0.05);在肉质品质方面,斯格猪在肉色、大理石纹、失水率方面亦显著高于斯八级进杂交猪(P<0.05),在熟肉率与剪切力方面两者无显著差异(P>0.05)。  相似文献   

11.
This study was designed to evaluate the effects of vitamin E supplementation on pork quality of two genotypes with distinct differences in pork quality traits. Pigs (n = 240; BW = 87 +/- 0.35 kg) were allotted by weight to one of 20 treatments (4 pens/treatment, 3 pigs/pen) in a 2 x 2 x 5 factorial randomized complete block design. Factors included 1) genotype (Berkshire or Hampshire sired), 2) sex (gilts or barrows), and 3) vitamin E level (12.1, 54.7, 98.8, 174.0, and 350.6 IU of vitamin E/kg diet). Hampshire-sired pigs had greater average daily gain (1.05 vs 0.98 kg) and gain:feed (0.30 vs 0.27) and less average daily feed intake (ADFI) (3.46 vs 3.62 kg) than Berkshire-sired pigs (P < 0.001) for the 6-wk study. Hampshire-sired barrows consumed more feed (3.54 vs 3.38 kg/d) and were less efficient (0.29 vs 0.31) than Hampshire-sired gilts (P < 0.05), but this sex difference was not observed in Berkshire-sired pigs (interaction, P < 0.05). Berkshire-sired pigs had greater backfat (34.1 vs 21.1 mm; P < 0.001), reduced longissimus muscle area (37.6 vs 46.3 cm2; P < 0.001), reduced lean percentage (53.0 vs 55.8; P < 0.001), and a greater head-on yield (79.8 vs 79.2; P < 0.05). Vitamin E increased (P < 0.05) ADFI linearly (P < 0.05), but had no effects on carcass composition. Loin chops from Hampshire-sired pigs had reduced ultimate pH (5.64 vs 5.91), greater drip loss (92.2 vs 66.3 mg), and increased Minolta L* (52.6 vs 48.6), a* (8.9 vs 7.5), and b* (6.9 vs 5.2) values compared to Berkshire-sired pigs (P < 0.001). Vitamin E had no effect on pH, temperature, drip loss, and L* or a* values, but tended (P < 0.07) to increase b* values linearly (P < 0.06). Oxidation as indicated by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) was greatest in Hampshire-sired gilts at the lowest level of vitamin E, and decreased linearly (P < 0.001) with additional vitamin E. However, TBARS responded in a cubic fashion (P < 0.05) to vitamin E in Hampshire-sired barrows and were not affected in Berkshire-sired gilts or barrows (three-way interaction, P < 0.02). Hampshire-sired pigs had greater TBARS than Berkshire-sired pigs (0.053 vs 0.047 mg malondialdehyde equivalents/kg). Vitamin E supplementation increased serum concentrations of vitamin E on d 21 (1.06 to 4.79 microg/mL) and d 42 (1.02 to 2.82 microg/mL) and increased tissue concentrations of vitamin E (1.99 to 4.83 microg/g) linearly (P < 0.001). Vitamin E supplementation was not effective in improving fresh meat quality in genotypes with poor or superior meat quality traits.  相似文献   

12.
An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of betaine, pen space, and preslaughter handling method on growth, carcass traits, and pork quality of finishing barrows. For the growth trial, a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments was used: betaine (0 or 0.250%) and(or) pen space (m2/pig; adequate, 0.035 BW0.67 kg, or inadequate, 0.025 BW0.67 kg). Each treatment was replicated five times with four barrows per replicate. At trial termination, two barrows from each pen were selected to receive either minimal or normal preslaughter handling. Reducing pen space decreased (P < 0.05) overall ADG and gain:feed and tended (P = 0.12) to decrease overall ADFI. Betaine had no affect (P > 0.10) on overall ADG, ADFI, or gain:feed. Pigs fed betaine had decreased (P < 0.10) carcass length. Other carcass and ham measurements were not affected (P > 0.10) by betaine. Pigs with inadequate pen space had increased (P < 0.10) ultimate pH, subjective color, cooking loss (fresh and frozen chop), and shear force but decreased rectal temperature, loin muscle CIE L*, biceps femoris CIE b*, and drip loss. Pigs subjected to minimal preslaughter handling had decreased (P < 0.10) rectal temperature, plasma cortisol, loin muscle CIE b*, and fresh chop total loss (drip + cooking loss). Pigs fed betaine had increased (P < 0.01) initial pH and decreased (P < 0.10) drip loss (fresh chop). Cooking loss and total loss (frozen chop) were decreased in pigs fed betaine with adequate pen space but increased in pigs fed betaine with inadequate pen space (betaine x pen space, P < 0.01). Pigs fed betaine may have improved pork quality.  相似文献   

13.
An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of dietary betaine (0, 0.125, 0.250, or 0.500%) on growth, carcass traits, pork quality, plasma metabolites, and tissue betaine concentrations of cross-bred finishing pigs. Four replications of three pigs (two barrows and one gilt) each were used for each treatment. The basal diet contained 0.85 (69 to 88 kg BW) or 0.65% Lys (88 to 115 kg BW). Overall ADG and gain:feed were not affected (P > 0.10) by betaine, but overall ADFI was decreased (quadratic, P < 0.05; 0 vs betaine, P < 0.01) by betaine; pigs fed 0.250% betaine had the lowest ADFI. Loin muscle area, average back-fat, dressing percentage, percentage lean, total fat, lean:fat, and leaf fat weight were not affected (P > 0.10) by betaine. Tenth-rib backfat thickness was decreased (quadratic, P < 0.05; 0 vs betaine, P < 0.05); pigs fed 0.250% betaine had the lowest 10th-rib backfat thickness. Carcass length was increased (linear, P < 0.05; 0 vs betaine, P < 0.10) as the level of betaine was increased. Fat-free lean, lean gain per day, ham weight, ham fat-free lean, and ham percentage lean were increased (quadratic, P < 0.10), but percentage fat, total ham fat, percentage ham fat, and butt-fat thickness were decreased (quadratic, P < 0.10); these traits were respectively highest or lowest in pigs fed 0.250% betaine. Thaw loss and 24-h pH were increased (quadratic, P < 0.10; 0 vs betaine, P < 0.05) and cook loss was decreased (linear, P < 0.05) in pigs fed betaine. The CIE L* value for the biceps femoris was decreased (quadratic, P < 0.10; 0 vs betaine, P < 0.10); pigs fed 0.250% betaine had the lowest CIE L* value. Subjective color, firmness-wetness, marbling, percentage moisture and bound water of the loin muscle, and shear force were not affected (P > 0.10) by betaine. Betaine was not detectable (< 0.07 mg/g) in the loin muscle of pigs fed 0% betaine, but betaine was detectable and relatively constant in pigs fed 0.125, 0.250, or 0.500% betaine (0.22, 0.17, and 0.21 mg/g, respectively). Plasma urea N, total protein, albumin, triglycerides, and HDL cholesterol concentrations were not affected (P > 0.10). Plasma total cholesterol (linear, P < 0.10) and NEFA (quadratic, P < 0.10) were increased in pigs fed betaine. Betaine improved carcass traits when provided at 0.250% of the diet and improved some aspects of pork quality.  相似文献   

14.
Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of soy isoflavones on growth, meat quality, and carcass traits of growing-finishing pigs. In Exp. 1, 36 barrows (initial and final BW, 26 and 113 kg, respectively) were used and each treatment was replicated four times with three pigs each. The dietary treatments were 1) corn-soybean meal (C-SBM), 2) corn-soy protein concentrate (low isoflavones, C-SPC), or 3) C-SPC + isoflavones (isoflavone levels equal to those in C-SBM). Daily gain and ADFI were increased (P < 0.10) in pigs fed the C-SPC relative to pigs fed the C-SPC + isoflavone diet in the late finishing period; otherwise, growth performance was not affected (P > 0.10) by diet. Longissimus muscle area, 10th-rib fat depth, percentage muscling (National Pork Producers Council), 24-h pH and temperature, color, firmness-wetness, marbling, drip loss, and CIE L*, a*, and b* color values were not affected (P > 0.10) by diet. Dressing percentage, carcass length, weight and percentage of fat-free lean in ham and carcass, lean gain per day, lean:fat, and ham weight were increased (P < 0.10), and ham fat and percentage fat in ham and carcass were decreased (P < 0.10) in pigs fed the C-SPC + isoflavone diet compared with pigs fed the C-SPC diet. Pigs fed the C-SPC + isoflavone diet had similar (P > 0.10) carcass traits as pigs fed the C-SBM diet, except carcass length, percentage ham lean and thaw loss were greater (P < 0.10), and total ham fat was less (P < 0.10) in pigs fed the C-SPC + isoflavone diet. In Exp. 2, 60 gilts (initial and final BW, 31 and 116 kg, respectively) were used, and each treatment was replicated five times with four pigs per replicate. The treatments were 1) C-SBM, 2) C-SBM + isoflavone levels two times those in C-SBM, and 3) C-SBM + isoflavone levels five times those in C-SBM. Daily feed intake was linearly decreased (P < 0.10) in the growing phase and increased (P < 0.10) in the late finishing phases as isoflavone levels increased; otherwise, growth performance was not affected (P > 0.10) by diet. Diet did not affect (P > 0.10) carcass traits; however, CIE a* and b* color scores and drip loss were decreased (P < 0.06) as isoflavone levels increased. Soy isoflavones decreased fat and increased lean in barrows when fed within the dietary concentrations found in typical C-SBM diets but not when fed to gilts at concentrations above those present in C-SBM diets.  相似文献   

15.
Crossbred pigs (n = 192) from Piétrain x Large White sires mated to Landrace x Large White dams, with a mean BW of 75 +/- 1.3 kg, were used to investigate the effects of gender and slaughter weight (SW) on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality. Pens of pigs (eight pigs/pen) were assigned randomly to one of six treatments arranged in a 2 x 3 factorial design with two genders (barrows or gilts) and three SW (116, 124, or 133 kg). Each treatment was replicated four times. Over the entire trial, barrows had higher (P < 0.001) ADFI (as-fed basis) and ADG than gilts; however, gilts had higher (P < 0.05) gain-to-feed ratios (G:F) than barrows. Barrows had lower (P < 0.01) dressing percents than gilts and produced fatter (P < 0.001) carcasses that had lower trimmed shoulder (P < 0.10) and ham (P < 0.001) yields than gilts. There was a trend for the semimembranosus muscle (SM) from barrows to have a higher (P < 0.10) 45-min pH than that of gilts, but 24-h pH was 0.11 pH unit higher (P < 0.01) in the SM of barrows than gilts. Gender had no (P > 0.10) effect on the moisture and lipid content of the longissimus muscle (LM), nor did gender affect (P > 0.10) LM color, myoglobin content, or thaw loss percentage. However, the LM from barrows had lower (P < 0.05) cooking loss percentages and tended to have lower (P < 0.10) shear force values than the LM from gilts. Pigs slaughtered at 116 kg had higher (P < 0.05) ADG than pigs slaughtered at 124 and 133 kg. Daily feed intake (as-fed basis) was not (P > 0.10) different among SW; however, pigs slaughtered at 116 and 124 kg had higher (P < 0.001) G:F than those slaughtered at 133 kg. Dressing percent, backfat depth, carcass length, and ham and shoulder weights increased (P < 0.001) as SW increased from 116 to 133 kg. The initial (45-min) pH of the SM from pigs slaughtered at 133 kg was higher (P < 0.05) than from pigs slaughtered at 116 or 124 kg; however, 24-h pH was not (P > 0.10) affected by SW. The LM from pigs slaughtered at 133 kg was darker (lower L* values; P < 0.001), redder (higher a* value; P < 0.01), and had more (P < 0.001) myoglobin than the LM of pigs slaughtered at 116 and 124 kg. Barrows and gilts of this particular crossbreed can be used to produce acceptable quality fresh pork when slaughtered at 116 kg; however, increasing SW to 124 kg, or more, decreased live pig performance and carcass leanness without any additional benefits to pork quality attributes.  相似文献   

16.
Carcass characteristics, meat quality traits, and sensory attributes were evaluated in late-finishing barrows and gilts, weighing between 100 to 130 kg of BW, fed 0, 5, or 7.4 mg/kg of ractopamine hydrochloride (RAC) for the final 21 to 28 d before slaughter. Carcass data were collected from carcasses from barrows and gilts (n = 168), and all primal cuts from the right sides of these carcasses were fabricated to calculate primal yields as a percentage of the HCW. Subjective (National Pork Producers Council and Japanese) color, firmness, and marbling scores were determined on the LM of each loin and the semimembranosus muscle (SM) of the ham, whereas the moisture, extractable lipid, Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF), and trained sensory evaluations (juiciness, tenderness, and pork flavor) were measured on the LM samples only. Gilts produced heavier (P < 0.05) HCW than barrows, whereas feeding RAC increased (P < 0.05) HCW over pigs fed diets devoid of RAC. Carcasses from gilts also had greater (P < 0.02) primal cut and lean cut (P < 0.01) yields than barrows, and dietary inclusion of 5 mg/kg of RAC increased (P < 0.05) total boneless cut and lean cut yields when compared with carcass from pigs fed 0 or 7.4 mg/kg of RAC. Warner-Bratzler shear forces values were greater (P < 0.05) in the LM of gilts than barrows, but only juiciness scores were greater (P < 0.03) in LM chops from barrows than gilts. The LM from barrows had greater intramuscular lipid (P < 0.001) than the LM from gilts, and even though the LM from pigs fed 5 mg/kg of RAC had greater (P < 0.04) WBSF values than the LM from pigs fed 0 or 7.4 mg/kg of RAC, including RAC in the late-finishing diets for 21 or 28 d did not affect sensory panel rating or percentages of moisture and intramuscular lipid. In summary, addition of RAC in the late-finishing diet improved carcass and primal cut yields when it was fed at 5 and 7.4 mg/kg without altering pork quality traits regardless of whether RAC was fed for 21 or 28 d.  相似文献   

17.
Barrows and gilts (n = 128) from four breed crosses were used to investigate the effect of age at slaughter on carcass traits, proteolytic enzyme activity, and meat and fat quality. Pigs were blocked by breed cross into four blocks, and within blocks, one pen (eight barrows and eight gilts) was assigned randomly to be slaughtered at either 8 or 10 mo of age. Pigs were fed a corn-barley-soybean meal finisher diet from 104 +/- 2.5 d of age (37.7 +/- 0.33 kg BW) to the appropriate slaughter age. Carcasses from older (10 mo) pigs had lower (P < 0.01) muscularity indexes and lean cut yields than those of younger (8 mo) pigs, but dressing percentage and longissimus muscle area increased (P < 0.01) with age. Older pigs produced a redder (P < 0.01) and darker (P < 0.05) semimembranosus, with lower (P < 0.01) ultimate pH and cathepsin B and B + L activities, as well as higher (P < 0.01) aminopeptidase hydrolyzing activity than younger pigs. Moreover, the longissimus muscle of pigs slaughtered at 10 mo of age had lower (P < 0.01) drip and cooking loss percentages than that from pigs slaughtered at 8 mo of age. Ham subcutaneous fat from 10-mo-old pigs had greater (P < 0.05) percentages of oleic acid and lower (P < 0.01) proportions of moisture, linoleic, and linolenic acids than subcutaneous fat from pigs slaughtered at 8 mo of age. Results from this study indicate that fresh hams from pigs slaughtered at 10 mo of age would be more suitable for the production of high-quality, Italian, dry-cured hams.  相似文献   

18.
Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of substituting a more available dietary carbohydrate (CHO) for portions of corn or fat in the diet on growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality, and serum or plasma metabolites in growing-finishing pigs. A three-phase feeding program was used with corn-soybean meal diets formulated to provide 105% of the Lys requirement for barrows or gilts gaining 325 g of lean daily in Exp. 1 or gilts gaining 350 g of lean daily in Exp. 2. Diets were isoenergetic within experiments. All other nutrients met or exceeded suggested requirements. In Exp. 1, pigs were allotted to three dietary treatments (0, 7.5, or 15.0% sucrose), with three replications of barrows and three replications of gilts, and with three or four pigs per replicate pen; average initial and final BW were 25.2 and 106.7 kg. In Exp. 2, gilts were allotted to two dietary treatments (waxy [high amylopectin] or nonwaxy [75% amylopectin and 25% amylose] corn as the grain source), with five replications of four gilts per replicate pen; average initial and final BW were 37.7 and 100.0 kg. In Exp. 1, ADG and gain:feed ratio increased linearly (P < 0.02) as dietary sucrose increased. Minolta color scores, a* and b*, and drip loss (P < 0.06) also increased linearly with added sucrose. In Exp. 2, ADG, carcass weight and length, and the Minolta a* value were greater for pigs fed waxy corn (P < 0.08) than for those fed nonwaxy corn. Feed intake, longissimus muscle area, 10th-rib and average backfat thickness, dressing percentage, fat-free lean, percentage of lean and muscling, lean gain per day, total fat, percentage fat, lean:fat ratio, serum or plasma metabolites (Exp. 1: serum urea N; Exp. 2: serum urea N, and plasma nonesterified fatty acids, triacylglycerols, total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, insulin, and total protein), pH of the longissimus muscle, and subjective muscle scores (color, firmness-wetness, and marbling) were not affected by diet in either experiment. In summary, increasing availability of dietary CHO in growing-finishing pig diets improved growth performance, but it did not affect carcass traits.  相似文献   

19.
Two hundred sixteen crossbred barrows and gilts (84.3 kg BW) were used to test the effects of dietary energy density and lysine:energy ratio (Lys:ME) on the performance, carcass characteristics, and pork quality of finishing pigs fed 10 ppm ractopamine. Pigs were blocked by BW and gender, allotted to 36 pens (six pigs per pen), and pens were assigned randomly within blocks to dietary treatments (as-fed basis) arranged in a 2 x 3 factorial design, with two levels of energy (3.30 or 3.48 Mcal/kg) and three Lys:ME (1.7, 2.4, or 3.1 g lysine/Mcal) levels. Pigs were fed experimental diets for 28 d, and weights and feed disappearance were recorded weekly to calculate ADG, ADFI, and G:F. Upon completion of the feeding trial, pigs were slaughtered and carcass data were collected before fabrication. During carcass fabrication, hams were analyzed for lean composition using a ham electrical conductivity (TOBEC) unit, and loins were collected, vacuum-packaged, and boxed for pork quality data collection. Energy density had no (P > 0.22) effect on ADG or ADFI across the entire 28-d feeding trial; however, pigs fed 3.48 Mcal of ME were more (P < 0.02) efficient than pigs fed 3.30 Mcal of ME. In addition, ADG and G:F increased linearly (P < 0.01) as Lys:ME increased from 1.7 to 3.1 g/Mcal. Carcasses of pigs fed 3.48 Mcal of ME were fatter at the last lumbar vertebrae (P < 0.08) and 10th rib (P < 0.04), resulting in a lower (P < 0.03) predicted fat-free lean yield (FFLY). Conversely, 10th-rib fat thickness decreased linearly (P = 0.02), and LM depth (P < 0.01) and area (P < 0.01) increased linearly, with increasing Lys:ME. Moreover, FFLY (P < 0.01) and actual ham lean yield (P < 0.01) increased as Lys:ME increased in the diet. Dietary energy density had no (P > 0.19) effect on pork quality, and Lys:ME did not (P > 0.20) affect muscle pH, drip loss, color, and firmness scores. Marbling scores, as well as LM lipid content, decreased linearly (P < 0.01) as Lys:ME increased from 1.7 to 3.1 g/Mcal. There was a linear (P < 0.01) increase in shear force of cooked LM chops as Lys:ME increased in the finishing diet. Results indicate that 3.30 Mcal of ME/kg (as-fed basis) is sufficient for optimal performance and carcass leanness in pigs fed ractopamine. The Lys:ME for optimal performance and carcass composition seems higher than that currently used in the swine industry; however, feeding very high Lys:ME (> 3.0 g/Mcal, as-fed basis) to ractopamine-fed pigs may result in decreased marbling and cooked pork tenderness.  相似文献   

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