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草地牧草在放牧绵羊体内消化吸收的动态特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在牧草量适中中在牧草丰富的草地放牧，绵羊可依其嗜好随意选择采食，其食物营养和干物质消化率均高于草地牧草的量。在这种情况下各放牧季中绵羊消化道各部位食糜中DM、GE流通量呈递减的趋势，干物质的消化主要在胃区、CP的消化则是以肠为最高，它的消化量占消化道消化总量的比率秋季是77.49%，冬季是53.15%，夏季是74.19%；小肠吸收的蛋白质量秋季是7.35g/kgW^0.75.冬季是3.91g/kgW^0.75。夏季是13.06g/kgW^0.75；消化道中消化吸收的CP量则依次是9.53g/kgW^0.75、4.78g/kgW^0.75和18.04g/kgW^0.75；而瘤胃液中氨氮的含量秋季是25.58mg/100ml,冬季是21.76mg/100ml，夏季是37.63mg/100ml。 相似文献
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在牧草量适中或在牧草丰富的草地放牧,绵羊可依其嗜好随意选择采食,其食物营养和干物质消化率均高于草地牧草的量.在这种情况下各放牧季中绵羊消化道各部位食糜中DM、GE流通量呈递减的趋势,干物质的消化主要在胃区,CP的消化则是以肠为最高,它的消化量占消化道消化总量的比率秋季是77.49%,冬季是53.15%,夏季是74.19%;小肠吸收的蛋白质量秋季是7.35g/kgW0.75,冬季是3.91g/kgW0.75,夏季是13.06g/kgW0.75;消化道中消化吸收的CP量则依次是9.53g/kgW0.75、4.78g/kgW0.75和18.04g/kgW0.75;而瘤胃液中氨氮的含量秋季是25.58mg/100ml,冬季是21.76mg/100ml,夏季是37.63mg/100ml. 相似文献
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选用6个月龄的母仔牛作为试验对象,在其第四胃和回肠中置插管,以考查几种补充蛋白源在小肠中的氮出纳量和氨基酸的消化率。供试饲料以棉子壳和玉米为基础,分别加入相同水平的大豆粕、加热大豆柏和玉米蛋白粉。试验结果表明:三种饲料的干物质消化率、氮消化率及氮积蓄量无大差异:但进入小肠的氮量大豆粕组比其它两组明显减少,而其它两组无大差异。第四胃中的必需,非必需氨基酸的进入量,大豆粕组大于另两组。氨基酸的消化率 相似文献
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瘤胃灌注大豆寡糖对绵羊消化道内营养物质流通与消化的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用连续饲喂和瘤胃连续灌注法,研究了大豆寡糖（SBOS）对绵羊消化道内营养物质流通与消化的影响。将9只安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管、十二指肠瘘管和回肠瘘管的内蒙古半细毛羯羊分为3组。试验1组每天通过瘤胃连续灌注占基础日粮风干物质0.6%的SBOS;试验2组灌注占基础日粮风干物质1.2%的SBOS;对照组不灌注SBOS。结果表明：（1）灌注SBOS提高了瘤胃液相食糜流通速率、瘤胃食糜氮流通量、瘤胃微生物氮和十二指肠MN流通量;（2）瘤胃灌注1.2%的SBOS降低了DM、OM、ADF、NDF在十二指肠、回肠、直肠的流通量（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,提高了它们在胃区、大肠中以及整个消化道的消化率（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,提高了CP在小肠中的消化率（P〈0.05）,而瘤胃灌注0.6%的SBOS组与对照组相比,各项测定指标差异不显著。 相似文献
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《中国家禽》2016,(4)
试验旨在研究日粮添加不同剂量磷酸对肉鸡消化道p H值、消化酶活性及蛋白消化率的影响,以确定肉鸡日粮适宜磷酸添加量。将720只1日龄AA肉公鸡分成6组(1个对照组和5个处理组),每组6个重复,每个重复20只鸡,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,处理组分别在基础日粮中添加0.05%、0.10%、0.15%、0.20%、0.25%磷酸。结果表明:磷酸浓度显著影响肉鸡42日龄嗉囊、肌胃+腺胃和回肠的p H(P0.05),且呈显著二次曲线关系(P0.05);显著影响肉鸡42日龄腺胃和肌胃胃蛋白酶的总酶、酶原、酶活和激活度(P0.05),除了肌胃酶原呈一次线性关系(P0.05),其他均呈显著二次曲线关系(P0.05);显著影响肉鸡42日龄十二指肠、空肠和回肠内胰蛋白酶及十二指肠糜蛋白酶的活性(P0.05),且十二指肠、空肠胰蛋白酶与磷酸浓度呈一次线性关系(P0.05),回肠胰蛋白酶和十二指肠糜蛋白酶与磷酸浓度呈显著二次曲线关系(P0.05);显著影响肉鸡蛋白质和干物质消化率(P0.05),且呈显著一次线性关系(P0.05)。由此可知,日粮添加不同剂量磷酸对肉鸡消化道p H值、消化酶活性及蛋白消化率都有显著影响,达到最佳消化道p H值、消化酶活性及蛋白消化率的磷酸浓度为0.15%。 相似文献
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以前有试验结果表明，真胃灌注不饱和游离脂肪酸可以显著降低奶牛干物质采食量。与此相对照，有试验表明，当灌注不饱和甘油三酯时，干物质采食量只有很小幅度的下降。而我们则推测，不饱和游离脂肪酸可能会比等量不饱和甘油三酯会对采食量具有更大的抑制作用，我们用4头泌乳后期荷斯坦奶牛做了一项简单前后反转试验设计(re—versal design)。试验奶牛饲喂由23％苜蓿青贮、23％玉米青贮、40．3％粉碎脱壳玉米、10．5％豆粕组成的全混合日粮(以干物质计算)。其中，2头奶牛真胃灌注大豆不饱和游离脂肪酸(日灌注量为0、200、400、600g)，另2头奶牛灌注相同量的大豆甘油三酯；其后，这些奶牛交替灌注不同来源的试验油脂。每1个灌注量的灌注时长为5d、每1个灌注量在灌注时分成4等分，分别于06：00、10：00、17：00、22：00时间点脉冲灌人真胃。油脂中没有添加任何乳化剂，试验过程中也没有出现任何消化异常现象。试验结果表明，两种油脂来源均线性显著降低奶牛干物质采食量，且添加量与油脂来源间存在交互作用。斜率分析结果表明，不饱和游离脂肪酸组降低干物质采食量的效应是甘油三酯组奶牛的2倍还要多。添加油脂导致采食量下降的同时，产奶量也下降。而乳脂率则随不饱和游离脂肪酸的灌注量增加线性显著升高，而甘油三酯组乳脂率则未受到油脂添加的影响。但不论灌注任何油脂，牛奶中中短链脂肪酸随灌注量的增加均下降。真胃灌注任一种油脂，牛奶中C18：2和C18：3均线性升高；顺-9-C18：1未受到影响；灌注200、400、600g不饱和游离脂肪酸各组灌注来源C18：2转化到奶脂肪的效率分别为35．6％、42．5％和27．8％，而相应的甘油三酯组分别为34．3％、39．6％、34．0％。血液胰高血糖素样肽1(7～36)氨基化合物(GLP-1)随着油脂灌注量的增加而下降，血浆中CCK-8则未受到影响。不饱和游离脂肪酸达到12指肠对干物质采食量的抑制作用要高于甘油三酯，而该效应可能部分受到GLP-1的调控。 相似文献
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采用基础日粮 待测氨基酸法,研究添加不同水平保护赖氨酸对肉牛小肠氨基酸流量和消化率的影响.基础日粮由小麦糠、玉米和豆粕等组成,能量和蛋白质等营养水平按肉牛营养需要和饲养标准供给.选择体况良好、安装永久性瘤胃瘘管、十二指肠前端和回肠末端瘘管的利木赞×鲁西黄牛杂交公牛6头作为试验动物,采用6×6拉丁方设计,试验设6个赖氨酸水平,分别在基础日粮的基础上添加0、6、9、12、15和18 g/d包被赖氨酸,对肉牛十二指肠、回肠氨基酸流通量进行了研究.结果表明瘤胃投饲保护赖氨酸能显著增加十二指肠EAA、TAA、Met、Ile、Leu、Lys、Glu的流通量(P＜0.05);进而提高EAA、TAA、Thr、Cys、Val、Met、Ile、Lys、Ala、Tyr和Pro在小肠的表观消化率(P＜0.05).本试验条件下赖氨酸最适添加量为15 g/d. 相似文献
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选择60头体重约35kg的“长加”二元杂交猪，按饲养试验要求分成2组，分别饲喂不含和含0．2％复合酶制剂（内含β-葡聚糖酶、木聚糖酶和纤维素酶）的早籼稻型饲粮，进行了为期70d的饲养试验，在试验后期进行了消化试验、采样分析。饲养试验结果显示，添加复合酶制剂使目增重提高了8．78％（P〈0.05），料重比降低了9．42％（P〈0．05）；消化试验表明，饲粮中添加复合酶制剂使饲料粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗纤维的表观消化率分别提高了12．73个百分点（P〈0．01）、8．84个百分点（P〈0．05）和16．97个百分点（P〈0．01）。添加复合酶制剂使空肠、回肠内容物粘度分别降低了7．08％（P〈0．01）、6．78％（P〈0．01），粪中大肠杆菌数、腹泻频率分别较对照组降低了81．29％（P〈0．01）、37．00％（P〈0．05）。消化性能指标分析显示，添加复合酶制剂组十二指肠内容物总蛋白水解酶、A-淀粉酶活性较对照组提高了99．07％（P〈0．01）和18．38％（P〈0．05）。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献