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家蚕数量性状配合力与杂种优势研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
按不完全双列杂交的方差分析方法,就10项主要经济性状,估算了8个原种的一般配合力效应与15个杂交组合的特殊配合力效应、性状的遗传率与群体配合力方差;计算了各性状的杂种优势率与势能比值,并对两亲一般配合力之和、F_1特殊配合力、两亲均值、杂种优势率、F_1表型值等遗传参数间的相关关系作了测定,认为以品种一般配合力效应作主要依据,来选择杂交育种亲本或一代杂种的对交品种较为适当。 相似文献
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家蚕抗氟性遗传的研究 Ⅰ.杂种优势和配合力分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
家蚕对氟化物中毒的抵抗性,依品种不同而有差异。本试验结果,15个中系×日系杂交组合的相对抗氟优势平均为7.9023,10个中系×中系杂交组合为-0.2180。抗氟性呈部分显性遗传。杂种优势率与F_1代抗性有显著的正相关关系,但与两亲平均值为负相关关系,尤其是与父本为显著的负相关关系。抗氟性的一般配合力,以新九、638、东34、7532四个品种较高,在育种上有较大的利用价值。从特殊配合力效应中看到,抗氟性与茧层量这两个性状的基因可能有互补作用,说明选育抗氟性强兼茧层重的品种或杂交组合是可能的。特殊配合力大的组合,杂种抗性一般较高,但亲本抗氟水平的高低与亲本一般配合力的高低并无必然的联系。 相似文献
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鸡4×4的完全双列杂交,在8和14周龄进行了屠宰试验。根据杂种优势率估计,胸肌、腿肌、翅重、腹脂和全净膛重5个性状,在8周龄有7个杂交组合出现了杂种优势;在14周龄有11个杂交组合出现了杂种优势。用非求导约束最大似然法分析鸡屠宰试验得到的数据。分析的5个性状,艾维茵纯系的一般配合力明显高于其它3个品种,而在特殊配合力方面,有艾维茵纯系参加的交配组合特殊配合力皆不高。杂种优势的表达受众多因素的影响,剔除环境因素,不同生长阶段间特殊配合力存在明显差异,说明上位效应是杂种优势形成的重要原因之一。 相似文献
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本试验采用完全双列杂交法分析了家蚕不受精卵率的配合力和杂种优势。结果表明,家蚕品种间不受精卵率的一般配合力,特殊配合力以及正反交效应差异达显著水平。不受精卵率性状表现很强的杂种优势,系统间的负杂种优势大于系统内的负杂种优势。 相似文献
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用太湖鹅、四川白鹅、豁眼鹅、皖西白鹅等4个我国主要白鹅品种,组成包括纯繁在内的15个组合,测定了60、70日龄仔鹅活重的杂种优势、纯繁效应、一般配合力、特殊配合力、正反交效应和母体效应。60日龄活重的一般配合力、母体效应、正反交效应达到显著水平(P<0.05),70日龄活重仅母体效应达到显著水平(P<0.05),60日龄活重的一般配合力,皖西白鹅为197.8克,四川白鹅为108.6克,豁眼鹅为311.1克,太湖鹅为-617.4克。70日龄活重的一般配合力,皖西白鹅为213.8克,四川白鹅为183.3克,豁眼鹅为21.9克,太湖鹅为-419.0克。60日龄活重这个性状四川白鹅(公)×豁眼鹅(母)组合具有最高的特殊配合力278.6克。以豁眼鹅为母本的3个杂交组合都具有正向的杂种优势。 相似文献
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通过早代测定和定向选择,可更快更准确的筛选优良杂交组合。本研究以10个苜蓿杂交组合及其13个亲本作为测验种,分析其3个主要产量性状的杂种优势表现及各性状的一般配合力和特殊配合力效应。结果表明:杂交组合5×Ⅴ、13×Ⅲ为牧草产量的强优势组合,其中分枝数和株高是影响苜蓿杂交组合牧草产量优势形成的主要性状;当亲本牧草产量性状的关键因子的一般配合力较高时,其组合的牧草产量获得强优势的概率较大,但同时也要考虑其特殊配合力的影响,在特殊配合力小的组合中也会有牧草产量优势强的组合。 相似文献
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苜蓿雄性不育系配合力和遗传力分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以8个苜蓿(Medicagosp.)雄性不育系和4个优良苜蓿品种为亲本,采用不完全双列杂交试验设计(NCII设计),对其F1代的干草产量性状进行配合力和遗传力分析。结果表明:1)苜蓿干草产量性状的一般配合力和特殊配合力差异均显著(P0.05),说明基因的加性效应和非加性效应均起到重要作用。苜蓿不育系2号、10号、12号一般配合力较好,可作优良的亲本;2)就苜蓿干草产量性状而言,一般配合力和特殊配合力之间无明显的对应关系。干草产量性状的广义遗传力和狭义遗传力中等,适合在早中世代选择。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献