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猪传染性萎缩性鼻炎（AR）是由支气管败血波氏杆菌或/和产毒素多杀性巴氏杆菌引起猪的一种慢性呼吸道传染病。其特征为鼻炎,颜面部变形,鼻甲骨尤其是鼻甲骨下卷曲发生萎缩和生长迟缓。临诊症状表现为打喷嚏、流鼻血、颜面变形、鼻部歪斜和生长迟滞,猪的饲料转化率降低,严重的可降低15%,日增重下降3％（轻度感染）～17％（重度感染），上市延迟30d，给集约化养猪业造成巨大的经济损失。 相似文献
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猪传染性萎缩性鼻炎（Swime infeetious atrophic rhinitis，简写AR）是世界性分布的一种广泛流行的严重接触性上呼吸道传染病，临床以打喷嚏、鼻骨变形、鼻甲骨萎缩或消失以及鼻中隔弯曲等为特征。AR作为隐性疾病，临床上不表现明显的全身症状或死亡，但给养猪业带来的经济损失是商品猪耗料增加7％～9％，日增重下降3％～17％，出栏延迟30天左右。 相似文献
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猪传染性萎缩性鼻炎（AR）是世界性分布的一种广泛流行的严重接触性上呼吸道传染病,临床以打喷嚏、鼻骨变形、鼻甲骨萎缩或消失以及鼻中隔弯曲等为特征。AR作为隐性疾病,临床上不表现明显的全身症状或死亡, 相似文献
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支气管败血波氏杆菌(Bordetella bronchiseptica,Bb)与萎缩性鼻炎(AR)、肺炎有关。世界上多数养猪国家的实验研究和近来的流行病学调查指出,Bb为猪AR的主要病原。在美国,25—50％的上市猪有鼻甲骨萎缩,中西部猪群由Bb引起的肺炎发病率有所增高。猪只实验接种Bb,除鼻甲骨萎缩之外,常发生肺炎。 相似文献
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猪传染性萎缩性鼻炎是猪的一种慢性呼吸道病.其特征是鼻甲骨萎缩,尤其以鼻甲骨的下卷曲部最为常见.临床上主要表现为打喷嚏、鼻塞等鼻炎症状和颜面部变形或歪斜. 相似文献
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猪传染性萎缩性鼻炎(AR)是世界性分布的一种广泛流行的严重接触性上呼吸道传染病,临床以打喷嚏、鼻骨变形、鼻甲骨萎缩或消失以及鼻中隔弯曲等为特征.AR作为隐性疾病,临床上不表现明显的全身症状或死亡,但给养猪业带来的经济损失是商品猪耗料增加7%～9%,日增重下降3%～17%,出栏延迟30 d左右.患猪萎缩的鼻甲骨或弯曲的鼻中隔改变了鼻腔的进出气流,降低鼻腔的自然防疫保护屏障功能,使外界环境中悬浮物(包括某些病原体)吸入到鼻道底部、鼻窦和下呼吸道,从而引发与支原体肺炎的协同继发感染.在当前众多的猪呼吸系统疾病中,AR所造成的经济损失应该受到关注. 相似文献
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猪传染性萎缩性鼻炎(AR)是由支气管败血波氏杆菌或/和产毒素多杀性巴氏杆菌引起猪的一种慢性呼吸道传染病.其特征为鼻炎,颜面部变形,鼻甲骨尤其是鼻甲骨下卷曲发生萎缩和生长迟缓.临诊症状表现为打喷嚏、流鼻血,颜面变形、鼻部歪斜和生长迟滞,猪的饲料转化率降低,严重的可降低15%,日增重下降3%(轻度感染)～17%(重度感染),上市延迟30 d,给集约化养猪业造成巨大的经济损失. 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献