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1.
从浙江省某麻鸭养殖基地的产蛋下降病鸭生殖器官内分离到1株致产蛋锐减、不致鸭死亡的病毒,经鉴定该病毒属于禽副黏病毒1型,命名为YH99V株。该毒株经动物回归试验能成功诱导鸭发病并回收同样的病毒,通过SPF鸡胚盲传至第9代时致病性突然增强,第11代出现血凝特性,第15代血凝价趋于稳定,鸡胚半数致死量EF15ELD50为10-4.8。MDT、ICPI和IVPI毒力学指标测定以及毒力相关基因序列结构分析表明,分离株的MDT为112h,ICPI为0.225,IVPI为0.41;YH99 V株F0蛋白裂解位点(112～117位)区域氨基酸推导序列为Gly-Arg-Gln-Gly-Arg-Leu,与弱毒株相一致。证明该毒株为新城疫弱毒株。  相似文献   

2.
鸭传染性产蛋减少症（暂定名）的病原分离初报   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
本文对2010年在成年蛋鸭中流行的以产蛋下降为特征的未知疫病病原进行了初步鉴定。病原能在鸭胚、鸡胚和细胞上复制增殖,对鸭胚、鸡胚的致死率达100%。鸭胚病毒分离物不具有血凝性,在透射电镜下可观察到直径为50~100 nm、有囊膜带突起的病毒粒子。病毒对酸敏感、能耐受pH9的碱性环境,50℃1 h可使病毒失去感染能力。SPF鸡人工感染试验结果显示,感染鸡生长缓慢、致死亡率低、能回收病毒。说明引起鸭产蛋量下降的疫病病原是病毒性的,并导致鸡感染发病,我们将此病暂称为鸭传染性产蛋减少症。  相似文献   

3.
用某鸡场发生减蛋综合征病鸡的输卵管组织接种１０～１２日龄鸭胚盲传，分离到一株ＥＤＳ－７６·ＥＸＫ２病毒。自第３代起至第１０代，均从鸭胚尿囊液中检出血凝素．凝集鸡红细胞的特性可被ＥＤＳ－７６阳性血清所抑制。鸭胚分离毒不能凝集兔红细胞。应用第３和第４代鸭胚尿囊液混合毒经口腔、鼻腔和眼途径人工感染健康产蛋鸡．成功地复制了ＥＤＳ－７６。攻毒后３５天内１１只试验鸡的总产蛋数无明显变化．产蛋率为８５～９４％，但产各种异常蛋占总产蛋数的２９％。电镜下发现原囊液中病毒颗粒呈球形、大小为７０～８０ｎｍ、无囊膜。  相似文献   

4.
为了探明湖北省肉种鸭和蛋鸭产蛋下降的原因,对引起产蛋下降的病鸭的卵巢中分离的病毒的目的基因进行测序,对3代接种的SPF鸡胚尿囊液进行电镜观察,对脑等组织进行组织病理学观察。序列分析结果表明,扩增的序列属于黄病毒的NS5基因,且与恩塔亚病毒群有相近的遗传进化关系。电镜可观察到40nm～60nm的有囊膜的病毒粒子。组织病理学观察发现输卵管出现严重的充血、出血和炎性反应,脑充血、炎性反应,心脏中有大量变性坏死的炎性细胞。  相似文献   

5.
鹅副粘病毒不同分离株的血凝特性及LD50比较   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
用分离鉴定的11株鹩副粘病毒分别在SPF鸡胚传代至2-11代后，用鸡、鸭、鹅、鸽、鹌鹑五种禽类的红细胞作血凝试验，证明11株病毒均不同程度地凝集五种禽类的红血球。同时，10株病毒LD50在10^-8-10^-10之间。  相似文献   

6.
用某鸡场发生减蛋综合征病鸡的输卵管组织接种１０－１２日龄鸭胚盲传，分离到一株ＥＤＳ－７６·ＥＸＫ２病毒。自第３代起至第１０代，均从鸭胚尿囊液中检出血凝素，凝集鸡红细胞的特性可被ＥＤＳ－７６阳性血清所抑制。鸭胚分离毒不能凝集免红细胞。应用第３和第４代鸭胚尿囊液混合毒经口腔、鼻腔和眼途径人工感染健康产蛋鸡，成功地复制了ＥＤＳ－７６。攻毒后３５天内１１只试验鸡的总产蛋数无明显变化，产蛋率为８５～９４％，  相似文献   

7.
将禽副粘病毒2型的标准毒株Yucaipa病毒和国内分离株F4、F6和F8株分别接种SPF鸡胚，收获鸡胚尿囊液；经差速离心和蔗糖密度梯度离心后，分别制备电镜样品和免疫电镜样品；经10g/L醋酸双氧铀负染后电镜观察病毒粒子形态。电镜下病毒粒子大小差别较大，形态呈圆形成椭圆型，直径150－300nm，有结构致密的基质蛋白膜，有的囊膜外可见纤突。免疫电镜样品中毒病明显集中，便于观察。  相似文献   

8.
在浙江地区进行鸭病病因的调查过程中，从患病鸭群中分离到一株引起鸭产蛋锐减而不死亡的病毒，经鉴定该病毒属于禽副粘病毒Ⅰ型，命名为YH99V株。以YH99V株的基因组RNA为模板，通过RT—PCR一步法扩增出其HN基因的cDNA片段，然后将其克隆至pMD18-T载体中，对其进行序列测定。测序后拼接出HN基因的序列长度为1785bp，该基因的ORF总长为1734bp，编码577个氨基酸。将YH99V株HN基因序列和推导的氨基酸序列与新城疫毒株的HN基因相应序列比较后发现，它们的核苷酸序列同源性分别在82．1％～99．7％，氨基酸序列同源性为87．2％～99．5％。在同源性比较的基础上，进一步绘制了Ⅰ型禽副粘病毒株HN基因的系统发育树。这对于Ⅰ型禽副粘病毒毒力基因的功能分析和该病的分子流行病调查有着重要的意义。  相似文献   

9.
鸡传染性腺胃炎病原的分离与鉴定   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
自泰安地区的腺胃炎病鸡群中分离到TA毒株,在SPF鸡胚稳定传至第6代,病毒具有致鸡胚规律性死亡和典型致胚胎病变特征。TA株感染鸡胚尿囊液提纯的病毒经负染后电镜观察:病毒粒子大小为80 nm~160 nm,有囊膜,表面有纤突,呈典型冠状病毒形态。病毒无直接血凝性,但经10 g/L胰酶处理后能凝集鸡红细胞。对病毒进行了ELD50测定、对NDV的干扰试验和致病性试验。结果表明,病毒均呈现冠状病毒的特性和与自然病例相似的病理症状。  相似文献   

10.
对同样以引起鸭产蛋下降为主要特征的鸭流感病毒（AIV）分离株和鸭新城疫病毒（NDV）YH99V分离株，通过设计特异性引物和优化体系反应条件，建立了一种早期快速鉴别诊断鸭AIV和鸭NDV的单项RT—PCR方法和多重RT—PCR方法，AIV的扩增片段大小为483bp，NDV的扩增片段为310bp，电泳快速，易于区分。敏感性试验表明，该方法比HA敏感100倍以上；对AIV、YH99V、IBV、IBDV及正常鸡胚尿囊液的混合液检测显示，多重RT—PCR法具有很强的特异性。对鸭病毒性产蛋下降征侯群送检病料的检测证明，该方法能有效鉴别AIv和／或NDV单独感染或混合感染，阳性检出率明显高于HA方法。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

14.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

15.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

16.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

17.
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.  相似文献   

18.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

19.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

20.
Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing.  相似文献   

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