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为了解某奶牛场乳房炎主要致病菌和合理用药,该试验对乳房炎奶牛取样1 15份,开展了分离鉴定和药敏试验.结果表明,该场主要致病菌为金黄色葡萄球菌、无乳链球菌、停乳链球菌、大肠埃希菌、乳房链球菌和沙门菌;主要病原菌均对头孢喹诺和左氧氟沙星高度敏感. 相似文献
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为查明甘肃省某奶牛场发生临床型奶牛乳房炎的主要病原菌并选择治疗用敏感药物,随机无菌采集了6份临床型病牛乳样和1份大罐乳样,采用划线分离、菌落形态观察、革兰染色镜检、生化鉴定及16S rDNA序列分析等方法进行细菌分离鉴定,同时采用K-B法测定主要分离菌株对抗菌药物的敏感性。结果表明,从临床型乳房炎乳样中分离鉴定出大肠埃希菌、芽胞杆菌、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(腐生葡萄球菌)3种细菌,其中大肠埃希菌的分离率最高,为66.67%;从大罐奶样中也分离出大肠埃希菌。药敏试验结果表明,大肠埃希菌对氨苄青霉素、阿莫西林、头孢噻吩、杆菌肽、红霉素均存在不同程度的耐药,耐药率为29%~100%;对诺氟沙星、恩诺沙星、氟苯尼考、头孢哌酮等药物敏感。说明此次牛场临床型乳房炎的主要病原菌是大肠埃希菌、葡萄球菌和芽胞杆菌,而且分离的大肠埃希菌具有多重耐药性。根据检测分析结果,给奶牛场提出针对性的防控措施,临床型乳房炎的发病率下降,病情得以控制。 相似文献
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2023年3月,青海省西宁市某牦牛养殖场部分牦牛出现乳房炎,为确定发病原因,从该场采集确诊乳房炎奶牛乳样15份,进行细菌分离、纯化致病菌及PCR鉴定,并采用纸片扩散法检测部分致病菌对抗菌药物的敏感程度。结果发现,从13份乳样中共分离获得23株细菌,分别为无乳链球菌(n=7)、金黄色葡萄球菌(n=8)、大肠埃希氏菌(n=4)、粪肠球菌(n=3)和蜡样芽胞杆菌(n=1)。对无乳链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希氏菌进行药敏试验,结果发现,3种病原菌对链霉素、环丙沙星、氧氟沙星、头孢噻呋和头孢拉定高度或中度敏感。研究结果提示,无乳链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希氏菌是该场牦牛乳房炎的主要致病菌,且头孢类抗生素和恩诺沙星等可作为首选药物用于该病的防治。 相似文献
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[目的]对山东临沂地区某奶山羊养殖场乳房炎主要致病菌进行分离鉴定,并探究其药敏性。[方法]本试验采集山东临沂地区某奶山羊养殖场中的患乳房炎奶山羊乳样,通过细菌培养基培养法进行致病菌分离,并使用PCR扩增技术进行测序和数据库对比鉴定病菌,通过Kirby-Bauer纸片扩散法测定大肠埃希菌和金黄葡萄球菌对临床实践中常用抗生素的耐药性。[结果]通过分离鉴定共得到109株致病菌,其中大肠埃希菌和金黄色葡萄球菌占比最多,分别为41.28%和28.44%。耐药性结果表明,大肠埃希菌和金黄色葡萄球菌对青霉素G和克林霉素具有较高耐药性,而对喹诺酮类抗生素和头孢菌素类抗生素较敏感,其中金黄色葡萄球菌对头孢噻肟钠敏感性最高,为97.0%,而大肠埃希菌对氧氟沙星敏感性最高,为73.8%。提示可以使用这两种抗生素药物治疗该场的奶山羊乳房炎。[结论]该养殖场奶山羊乳房炎细菌性病原主要是金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌,分别对头孢噻肟钠和氧氟沙星最为敏感,推荐临床使用治疗。 相似文献
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《动物医学进展》2016,(12)
为了解吉林省各地区奶牛乳房炎发病情况,以便于科学合理防治该病,对长春市、吉林市、白城市以及延吉等多个大型奶牛场200份乳样进行了细菌分离与鉴定,并对其主要致病菌进行敏感药物筛选试验。结果显示,导致吉林省奶牛乳房炎发生的主要病原菌为大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、无乳链球菌以及停乳链球菌等,在检出的267株病原菌中,金黄色葡萄球菌98株,占36.70%;无乳链球菌65株,占24.34%;停乳链球菌57株,占21.35%;大肠埃希菌43株,占16.10%;其他菌4株,占1.5%。4种病原茵对丁胺卡那霉素、环丙沙星、恩诺沙星、头孢噻肟以及万古霉素均高度敏感,但对青霉素、链霉素、红霉素、庆大霉素等具有较强的耐药性,因此丁胺卡那霉素、环丙沙星、恩诺沙星、头孢噻肟以及万古霉素可以作为吉林省奶牛乳房炎治疗的首选药物。 相似文献
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选择某牛场50头临床健康奶牛,采用CMT法进行隐性乳房炎检测,其中28头奶牛患有隐性乳房炎,发病率为56%;在被检的200个乳样中患有隐性乳房炎的乳区84个,乳区阳性率为42%。对阳性乳样进行细菌分离鉴定,从28头患有隐性乳房炎的奶牛的84个乳样中检出13种共98个菌株,其中葡萄球菌44个,占44.90%;金黄色葡萄球菌32个,占32.65%;链球菌20个,占20.40%;大肠埃希菌11个,占11.22%。由葡萄球菌、链球菌和大肠埃希菌引起的乳房炎占整个比例的75.51%。表明引起奶牛隐性乳房炎的病原菌以葡萄球菌、链球菌和大肠埃希菌为主,而且单纯由某一种病原菌引起的病例较少,多数是由2～3种甚至是3种以上的病原菌引起,混合感染率为83.33%。药敏试验结果表明,临床使用较多的青霉素和链霉素对奶牛乳房炎的主要病原菌有较强的耐药性,而对庆大霉素、丁胺卡那霉素、环丙沙星和林可霉素等药物则较为敏感。 相似文献
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奶牛乳房炎是造成奶牛生产经济损失的重要原因之一。为了指导双城市奶牛生产,试验对双城市奶牛临床型乳房炎病原菌进行了分离鉴定与药敏试验,结果一共分离出76株细菌,主要致病菌为金黄色葡萄球菌、无乳链球菌、大肠埃希菌,药敏试验结果是环丙沙星、氧氟沙星、头孢唑林比较敏感,可以应用这些药物进行治疗。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献