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养殖暗纹东方Dun鱼体粗蛋白与氨基酸的分析研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文对暗纹东方的１龄鱼（体重４０～８０ｇ）,２龄鱼（体重２００～３００ｇ）的粗蛋白及氨基酸进行了分析。结果表明：１龄鱼的粗蛋白含量比２龄鱼高８．１５％（占干物质）。１龄鱼的氨基酸总量比２龄鱼高３．５３％〉测定的１８种氨基酸中,１、２龄鱼均以谷氨酸的含量为最高,分别为氨基酸总量的１５．０８％和１５．０５％,非常接近,在必需氨基酸中,除了２龄鱼的赖氨酸、精氨酸的含量明显高于１龄鱼外,其余氨基酸人组成和 相似文献
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野生和养殖红鳍东方鲀营养品质的比较分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验对野生1龄、养殖1龄和养殖2龄红鳍东方鲀的一般营养成分及肌肉氨基酸和脂肪酸的组成进行测定,旨在比较野生和养殖红鳍东方鲀的营养品质。试验选取野生1龄红鳍东方鲀15尾(体重71~139 g、体长13.4~18.9 cm)、养殖1龄红鳍东方鲀(投喂冰鲜杂鱼)13尾(体重90~147 g、体长14.8~20.4 cm)、养殖2龄红鳍东方鲀(投喂冰鲜杂鱼)10尾(体重578~639 g、体长31.3~36.7 cm)作为样本。采用国家标准方法测定组织中的一般营养成分及肌肉氨基酸和脂肪酸组成,并对肌肉营养品质进行分析。结果表明:全鱼粗蛋白质含量以野生1龄红鳍东方鲀最高,为68.07%,比养殖1龄和养殖2龄红鳍东方鲀分别高出了32.3%、20.6%(P0.05),而全鱼粗脂肪含量则为养殖1龄和养殖2龄红鳍东方鲀显著高于野生1龄红鳍东方鲀(P0.05);养殖2龄红鳍东方鲀肌肉粗蛋白质含量显著高于野生1龄和养殖1龄红鳍东方鲀(P0.05),各样本间肌肉粗脂肪和粗灰分含量差异不显著(P0.05);各样本的肝脏粗蛋白质和粗脂肪含量变化较大,粗蛋白质含量按照野生1龄、养殖1龄、养殖2龄的顺序依次显著降低(P0.05),而粗脂肪含量则呈现与粗蛋白质相反的变化。野生和养殖红鳍东方鲀肌肉中均检测出18种氨基酸,而且在含量上养殖红鳍东方鲀大多数均显著高于野生红鳍东方鲀(P0.05)。根据氨基酸评分(ASS)和化学评分(CS),红鳍东方鲀肌肉中赖氨酸的含量相对较为丰富,且养殖2龄红鳍东方鲀必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)最高,其次为养殖1龄红鳍东方鲀,最后为野生1龄红鳍东方鲀。野生和养殖红鳍东方鲀肌肉中共检测出19种脂肪酸,且野生和养殖红鳍东方鲀脂肪酸组成相似,野生1龄、养殖1龄和养殖2龄红鳍东方鲀肌肉中饱和脂肪酸(SFA)含量差异不大(P0.05),多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量则以养殖2龄红鳍东方鲀最高,为51.54%,但是各样本间差异不显著(P0.05);肌肉中C20∶5n-3(EPA)和C22∶6n-3(DHA)含量均较丰富,其中养殖1龄和养殖2龄红鳍东方鲀DHA的含量分别比野生1龄红鳍东方鲀高出了24.7%、27.2%(P0.05),而且养殖1龄和养殖2龄红鳍东方鲀EPA+DHA的含量也显著高于野生1龄红鳍东方鲀(P0.05)。由此可知,红鳍东方鲀营养组成合理,且养殖红鳍东方鲀营养品质优于野生红鳍东方鲀。 相似文献
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野生绿鳍马面鲀(Navodon septentrionalis)幼鱼、成鱼肌肉营养成分分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了测定野生绿鳍马面鲀(Navodon septentrionalis)幼鱼及成鱼的肌肉营养成分,并为其营养标准的制订和人工配合饲料的研制提供资料,试验检测了野生绿鳍马面鲀幼鱼、成鱼肌肉的常规营养成分和氨基酸含量,并进行了营养价值评价。结果表明:野生绿鳍马面鲀幼鱼、成鱼肌肉的粗蛋白含量丰富,分别达16.30%、15.75%;粗脂肪含量较低,分别为0.49%、0.89%,是一种高蛋白、低脂肪的鱼类;氨基酸组成基本一致,均含有18种氨基酸,均符合世界卫生组织/联合国粮食与农业组织(WHO/FAO)和鸡蛋蛋白标准;幼鱼氨基酸总量(15.02%)、必需氨基酸总量(6.31%)、必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量(42.01%)、非必需氨基酸总量(7.33%)、鲜味氨基酸总量(5.52%)均高于成鱼,氨基酸组成优于成鱼,氨基酸营养价值也高于成鱼。 相似文献
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研究测定了大莱猪与长白猪杂交后代的生长性能、胴体性能、肉质性状及背最长肌氨基酸、脂肪酸含量。结果表明,试验猪30～100 kg日增重601.58 g,料重比3.45;屠宰体重99.24 kg,胴体瘦肉率60.78%,肉色3.22、大理石纹2.84,pH1 5.97,滴水损失2.51%;每100 g背最长肌17种氨基酸含量在0.13～3.30 g之间,氨基酸总量、鲜味氨基酸含量、必需氨基酸含量、鲜味氨基酸占氨基酸总量比例、必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量比例分别为22.67 g、17.55 g、9.21 g、77.41%和40.64%;每100 g背最长肌的棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸和亚油酸含量分别为22.58%、11.96%、37.22%和14.26%。 相似文献
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陆川猪胴体品质及肉质的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本试验旨在研究陆川猪胴体品质和肉质性状,为陆川猪保种和合理利用提供科学依据。对8头陆川猪的测定结果表明,10.75月龄陆川猪屠宰体重83.98 kg,胴体瘦肉率38.68%,肉色和大理石纹评分分别为3.1和4.71,pH1(宰后45 min的pH)和pH24(宰后24 h的pH)分别为5.86和5.73,肌内脂肪含量高达9.27%,肌纤维直径为31.51μm。每100 g背最长肌中氨基酸总量、鲜味氨基酸含量和必需氨基酸含量分别为17.89 g1、4.04 g7、.13 g,鲜味氨基酸占总氨基酸的比例和必需氨基酸占总氨基酸的比例分别为78.48%和39.85%。饱和脂肪酸组成主要是棕榈酸,其含量达到26.03%,不饱和脂肪酸组成主要是油酸(C18∶1)和亚油酸(C18∶2),其含量分别达45.06%和11.57%,其它脂肪酸含量相对较少。 相似文献
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研究测定了杜大蒲猪的生长肥育性能、胴体品质和肉质特性。结果表明,杜大蒲猪生长速度较快,饲料报酬较高,30-100 kg平均日增重为725.23 g,料重比2.88。杜大蒲猪的屠宰率、眼肌面积和瘦肉率较高,分别为74.70%、43.38 cm2、64.53%。杜大蒲猪肉色、大理石纹评分和肌内脂肪含量分别为3.63、3.00、2.49%。每100 g背最长肌氨基酸总量、鲜味氨基酸含量和必需氨基酸含量分别为19.36、15.34、7.62 g;鲜味氨基酸占总氨基酸的比例和必需氨基酸占总氨基酸的比例分别为79.22%和39.36%。棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸和亚油酸含量分别为24.43%、11.59%、42.84%和9.85%。 相似文献
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鲁烟白猪是以烟台黑猪、长白猪和施格猪为育种素材,采用不完全闭锁的群体继代选育法和综合选择指数法,经7个世代选育而成的猪新品种。屠宰体重95.19 kg,胴体瘦肉率61.66%,肉色3.26,大理石纹3.2,肌内脂肪为2.49%。每100 g背最长肌中氨基酸总量、鲜味氨基酸含量和必需氨基酸含量分别为20.6399 g、16.5008 g、7.9157 g,鲜味氨基酸占总氨基酸的比率和必需氨基酸占总氨基酸的比率分别为79.9497%和38.3664%。肌苷酸含量为2.3078 mg/g。 相似文献
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研究测定了杜洛克×（大约克×大蒲莲猪）简称（杜大蒲）三元杂交猪的生长肥育性能、胴体品质和肉质特性。结果表明：杜大蒲猪生长速度较快,饲料报酬较高,30-100kg平均日增重分别为725.23g,料重比2.88。杜大蒲猪的屠宰率、眼肌面积和瘦肉率较高,分别为74.70%、43.38 cm2、64.53%。杜大蒲猪肉色、大理石纹评分和肌内脂肪含量分别为3.63、3.00、2.49%。背最长肌氨基酸总量、鲜味氨基酸含量和必需氨基酸含量分别为19.36 g/100g、15.34 g/100g、7.62 g/100g;鲜味氨基酸占总氨基酸的比率和必需氨基酸占总氨基酸的比率分别为79.22%和39.36%。棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸和亚油酸含量分别为24.43%、11.59%、42.84%和9.85%。 相似文献
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为探究褐藻寡糖及其锌络合物对暗纹东方鲀的生长、血清免疫相关酶活性、消化酶活性及肠道菌群的影响,实验以暗纹东方鲀为研究对象,在饲料中分别添加0.23%褐藻寡糖、0.23%褐藻寡糖锌,挑选270尾规格均一、体表无伤的河豚,随机分3组,每组3个平行养殖桶,每桶30尾,分别投喂无寡糖的饲料、含0.23%褐藻寡糖的饲料、含0.23%褐藻寡糖锌的饲料,完成8周饲养实验。结果显示:褐藻寡糖对暗纹东方鲀起到促生长作用但不显著(P>0.05);相比于对照组,褐藻寡糖组、褐藻寡糖锌组暗纹东方鲀血清溶菌酶活性分别提高201.761、51.235 U/mL,且存在显著差异(P<0.05);褐藻寡糖、褐藻寡糖锌均提高暗纹东方鲀肠道中的胃蛋白酶和纤维素酶活性,褐藻寡糖提高了α-淀粉酶活性,均无差异显著性(P>0.05)。饲料中添加褐藻寡糖、褐藻寡糖锌可提高暗纹东方鲀血清溶菌酶活性、肠道消化能力,同时维持暗纹东方鲀肠道的细菌多样性方面起到积极的作用。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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Billinghurst RC Brama PA van Weeren PR Knowlton MS McIlwraith CW 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(2):143-150
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis. 相似文献