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蒺藜皂苷对体外瘤胃发酵的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
试验旨在利用人工瘤胃双外流连续培养系统,初步研究日粮中添加不同浓度(0、0.15、0.30、0.60 g/L)蒺藜皂苷(GSTT)对反刍动物瘤胃发酵参数的影响。结果表明,日粮添加不同水平GSTT对瘤胃pH、总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)浓度无显著影响(P>0.05);随着GSTT添加水平的提高,人工瘤胃液内NH3-N浓度、乙酸摩尔比例和乙酸/丙酸比例显著降低(P<0.05),丙酸摩尔比例显著升高(P<0.05)。提示,GSTT可望作为一种潜在的反刍动物瘤胃发酵调控剂来改变瘤胃发酵模式,改善对饲料能量和蛋白质的利用效率。综合考虑,0.30 g/L GSTT为较适宜添加量。 相似文献
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大蒜油对体外瘤胃发酵、甲烷生成和微生物区系的影响 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
本试验旨在通过体外培养法研究大蒜油和脱臭大蒜油对瘤胃发酵、甲烷生成和微生物区系的影响.在体外培养过程中用压力读取式法(RPT系统)测定产气量,利用气相色谱仪测定甲烷产量.培养24 h后,测定挥发性脂肪酸、pH、氨态氮浓度,并用实时荧光定量PCR测定瘤胃微生物区系.研究发现,与对照组相比,添加大蒜油极显著降低甲烷产量(P<0.01),显著降低乙酸摩尔百分比和氨态氮浓度(P<0.05),显著提高丙酸摩尔百分比(P<0.05),对产气量和总挥发性脂肪酸含量也有显著地抑制作用(P<0.05),但抑制程度不如大蒜油对甲烷产量的抑制程度.添加脱臭大蒜油对甲烷产生也有一定作用,但效果不显著(P>0.05).添加大蒜油和脱臭大蒜油后甲烷菌和原虫含量极显著降低(P<0.01),且大蒜油的抑制作用强于脱臭大蒜油(P<0.01).试验结果表明.适宜浓度的大蒜油可以改变瘤胃发酵类型,增加丙酸摩尔百分比,显著抑制甲烷生成而不影响消化,这种改变与瘤胃微生物区系的变化密切相关;此外,大蒜油的作用效果明显强于脱臭大蒜油. 相似文献
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微量元素钴对人工瘤胃挥发性脂肪酸产生量的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
钴是瘤胃微生物活动不可缺少的元素,为研究日粮添加无机钴对瘤胃微生物发酵挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)产生量的影响,本试验用人工瘤胃模拟装置研究添加不同水平钴(0、0.05、0.10、0.15、0.20、0.25 mg/kg DM)对体外瘤胃微生物发酵的影响.结果表明,与不添加的对照组相比,添加钴可使发酵液的总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸浓度明显增加(P<0.05),但对乙酸、丙酸、丁酸的摩尔比例没有显著影响(P>0.05),总的来说,添加钻明显促进瘤胃微生物对饲料养分的发酵. 相似文献
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热应激对奶山羊瘤胃发酵指标的影响及有机铬对其的调控作用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本试验旨在研究热应激对奶山羊瘤胃内pH、氨态氮(NH3-N)和挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)浓度的影响,以及添加吡啶羧酸铬对其的调控作用。选用体重相近[(20.75±1.88)kg]的波尔山羊4只,采用自身对照,分3期试验,分别为对照组、热应激组和加铬组:对照组山羊在空调房中饲喂,温湿指数(THI)在70以下,处于非热应激状态;热应激组和加铬组山羊在室温动物房中饲喂,2组THI无显著差异(P>0.05),达79以上,处在相似的热应激状态。加铬组饲粮为基础饲粮中添加吡啶羧酸铬(铬含量为0.2 mg/kg饲粮)。每期试验14 d,在试验的第13天采集瘤胃液,测定pH、NH3-N和VFA浓度。结果表明:热应激可以显著降低奶山羊瘤胃内pH(P<0.05),显著提高瘤胃内NH3-N、总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)、乙酸、丙酸浓度(P<0.05),显著降低乙酸/丙酸(P<0.05)。饲粮中添加吡啶羧酸铬后可以显著提高热应激奶山羊瘤胃乙酸、丁酸浓度和乙酸/丙酸(P<0.05),显著降低瘤胃丙酸浓度(P<0.05),对瘤胃pH、NH3-N浓度影响不显著(P>0.05)。由此可见,热应激使瘤胃pH显著降低,显著增加了VFA浓度,改变了瘤胃发酵模式;饲粮添加吡啶羧酸铬可调节瘤胃VFA浓度,对热应激造成的影响有一定的调节作用。 相似文献
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日粮中添加延胡索酸对奶牛体外瘤胃发酵的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用体外培养试验,通过测定培养24h后培养液pH值、BCP、NH3-N、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸和TVFA等各项指标,综合评定了奶牛日粮中添加延胡索酸后对瘤胃发酵功能的影响。结果表明,与对照组比较,添加4mmol/L、7mmol/L的延胡索酸试验组的培养液pH值显著提高(P<0.05);添加4mmol/L和10mmol/L延胡索酸试验组BCP含量显著提高(P<0.05)。添加各剂量延胡索酸对培养液NH3-N含量均没有显著的影响。添加4mmol/L、7mmol/L处理组均提高了培养液的乙酸(P<0.05)和丙酸(P<0.05),添加10mmol/L处理组提高了丙酸(P<0.05)浓度,降低了丁酸(P<0.05)。 相似文献
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选择3只安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的徐淮白山羊作为瘤胃液供体,以可溶性淀粉、小麦淀粉、粉碎的滤纸纤维、木聚糖和果胶作为底物,精粗比为70∶30,维生素B1在瘤胃培养液底物中的浓度设为0(mg/kg)、30(mg/kg)、60(mg/kg)、90(mg/kg)4个水平,利用人工瘤胃体外培养法,通过对瘤胃微生物体外发酵pH值、氨氮、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸以及TVFA、乳酸等指标的测定,探讨维生素B1对瘤胃发酵的影响。结果表明:高精料日粮条件下,随着维生素B1添加量的增加,培养液的pH平均值呈降低趋势,NH3-N的平均浓度呈下降趋势,但差异不显著(P0.05)。不影响瘤胃发酵类型,但有降低乙酸浓度平均值、提高丙酸浓度平均值和TVFA浓度平均值、降低乙酸/丙酸比值的趋势。培养液中添加维生素B1可以降低乳酸的浓度。 相似文献
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日粮同时添加酵母培养物与延胡索酸二钠与对慢性酸中毒奶山羊瘤胃发酵和细菌数量的影响 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
本试验利用酵母培养物(yeast culturc,YC)和延胡索酸二钠(disodium fumarate)的优化组合,研究该组合添加剂在慢性瘤胃酸中毒(subacute rumen acidosis,SARA)状态下对瘤胃发酵功能及瘤胃微生物数量的影响.选取6只泌乳期并安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的奶山羊,随机分为试验组和对照组,每组各3只,通过逐渐添加精料的方式诱导动物发生SARA.试验动物处于SARA后,试验组添加组合添加剂,测定瘤胃发酵指标.采用16S rRNA寡核苷酸探针杂交定量分析法和传统滚管法测定瘤胃内细菌的含量.结果表明,投喂组合添加剂后,瘤胃pH、乙酸、丁酸和总挥发性脂肪酸(total volatile fatty acids,TVFA)浓度显著升高(P<0.05),丙酸和乙酸/丙酸没有显著变化(P>0.05),NH..N浓度显著降低(P<0.05).淀粉分解菌、反刍兽新月单胞菌、埃氏巨型球菌及3种主要纤维分解菌的数量显著增高(P<0.05),乳酸杆菌、牛链球菌的数量显著降低(P<0.05).以上结果说明YC和延胡索酸二钠的组合使用能够改善SARA状态下瘤胃内环境,对减少SARA的发生具有较好的效果. 相似文献
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日粮类型和钾来源对体外瘤胃发酵的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究钾对瘤胃发酵的影响,试验以短期人工瘤胃发酵装置研究两种日粮类型添加K2CO3、K2HPO4、KCl等3种来源的钾对瘤胃pH、VFA的影响。精粗比为4:6日粮中添加钾0.4%时,对照组、K2CO3、K2HPO4、KCl组间瘤胃液pH值、日粮NDF消失率、氨态氮浓度没有差异(P>0.05),钾来源明显影响人工瘤胃的日粮有机物消失率及TVFA、丙酸、乙酸浓度(P<0.05);精粗比6:4日粮添加0.15%的钾,结果表明钾来源对TVFA、丙酸、乙酸浓度没有影响,与不添加比较明显影响瘤胃pH值、氨态氮和日粮有机物及NDF消失率;试验结果表明K2CO3的作用效果优于K2HPO4和KCl。 相似文献
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采用山羊瘤胃液的体外批次培养研究了酵母培养物对混合瘤胃微生物体外发酵的影响。发酵底物精粗比为7:3,酵母培养物添加量为0、0.75 g/L1、.5 g/L2、.25 g/L。结果表明,发酵各时间点,各处理组的pH值较对照组均显著降低(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,发酵24 h、36 h4、8 h时,各处理组氨氮浓度显著降低(P<0.05),2.25 g/L处理组的TVFA浓度显著升高(P<0.05)。各时间点,三个处理组的乙酸浓度与对照组相比差异均不显著,而发酵24 h4、8 h时,三个处理组的丙酸浓度均高于对照组(P<0.05)。发酵24 h、48 h时,1.50 g/L处理组的乙丙比较对照组显著降低(P<0.05)。在整个发酵期内,1.50 g/L、2.25 g/L处理组的累积产气量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),各组干物质消失率无显著差异(P>0.05)。结果显示,酵母培养物能够显著提高瘤胃VFA浓度,降低乙酸/丙酸比例,改变瘤胃发酵类型。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献