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《畜牧与兽医》2020,(11)
为同时检测大肠杆菌、无乳链球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌,提高对奶牛乳房炎的诊断率,本试验针对3种病原菌的保守序列设计合成了3套特异性引物,通过优化PCR反应体系和反应条件,建立了多重Taq-Man荧光定量PCR检测方法。结果显示,该检测方法具有高特异性,与肠炎沙门菌、肺炎克雷伯菌及鲍曼不动杆菌等无交叉反应;大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和无乳链球菌的最低检测浓度分别为10~(3 )、10~2和10~(4 )拷贝数/μL,敏感度较高。DNA各个拷贝数浓度的变异系数均低于2.02%,表明重复性良好。对24份临床采集奶样的检测结果表明,建立的多重Taq-Man荧光定量PCR检测方法可用于临床大肠杆菌、无乳链球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌感染引起的奶牛乳房炎的检测,具有良好的推广应用价值。 相似文献
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《中国预防兽医学报》2021,(5)
为建立一种能同时快速检测多种奶牛乳腺炎致病菌的多重PCR检测方法,本研究以化脓隐秘杆菌ISR基因、无乳链球菌cfb基因、大肠杆菌phoA基因、副乳房链球菌23S rRNA基因和金黄色葡萄球菌nuc基因为靶基因,设计并合成了5对特异性引物,通过方阵法对多重PCR反应体系及反应条件优化,建立了一种能快速检测5种病原菌的多重PCR方法。对各菌种随机组合后利用该多重PCR方法检测,结果显示,该方法能同时快速检测奶牛乳腺炎乳样中5种主要病原菌,而其他病原菌则呈阴性结果,具有较强特异性。分别将化脓隐秘杆菌、无乳链球菌、大肠杆菌、副乳房链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌菌液10倍倍比稀释后,利用建立的多重PCR方法进行检测,确定该方法敏感性,结果显示,该方法对5种病原菌最低检测浓度分别为:金黄色葡萄球菌6.25×10~4cfu/mL,大肠杆菌2.95×10~6cfu/mL,化脓隐秘杆菌2.95×10~5cfu/mL,副乳房链球菌4.3×10~5cfu/mL,无乳链球菌3.15×10~5cfu/mL。对临床送检及人工模拟的乳样检测结果显示该方法具有较好符合率及灵敏度。本研究首次建立了对包括副乳房链球菌在内的奶牛乳腺炎致病菌多重PCR检测方法,为快速检测奶牛乳腺炎病原菌提供了可行的技术手段。 相似文献
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为了能同时检测到新疆褐牛乳房炎乳中无乳链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌四种致病菌,试验根据GenBank中的金黄色葡萄球菌nuc、大肠杆菌phoA、无乳链球菌ef-tu和沙门氏菌invA基因保守序列设计了4对特异性引物,提取新疆褐牛77份乳样DNA,采用单一PCR和多重PCR方法进行扩增,统计琼脂糖凝胶电泳结果并计算相应感染率,比较两种检测方法的符合率,并检测多重PCR方法在牛场中的应用效果。结果表明：单一PCR方法中以大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌感染为主,感染率分别为93.5%和76.6%。多重PCR方法中,以大肠杆菌+金黄色葡萄球菌+无乳链球菌的混合感染为主,感染率为24.7%;其次是大肠杆菌+金黄色葡萄球菌的混合感染,感染率为16.9%。对两种检测方法的结果进行比较,大肠杆菌+金黄色葡萄球菌+无乳链球菌及大肠杆菌+金黄色葡萄球菌混合感染的符合率分别为95%和93%;大肠杆菌+沙门氏菌+无乳链球菌的混合感染符合率为0,但多重PCR检出数量仅有2份;其余致病菌混合感染的符合率为100%。结合牧场的DHI报告及兽医诊断确认新疆褐牛中的乳房炎主要致病菌为大肠杆菌的单一感染和无乳链球... 相似文献
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为建立同时快速检测奶牛奶样中无乳链球菌、停乳链球菌、乳房链球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的方法,根据无乳链球菌sip基因、停乳链球菌isp基因、乳房链球菌pauA基因和金黄色葡萄球菌nuc基因各设计1对特异性引物,建立多重PCR检测体系。结果显示,该检测方法具有高特异性,无乳链球菌、停乳链球菌、乳房链球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌敏感性分别为105、104、105、105 CFU/mL。对临床采集的460份奶样检测结果表明,建立的多重PCR体系可以用于临床上无乳链球菌、停乳链球菌、乳房链球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌感染引起的奶牛乳房炎的检测。 相似文献
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《畜牧兽医学报》2017,(2)
旨在对重庆地区山羊体表型淋巴结炎病原菌进行分离鉴定,并建立相应检测方法。无菌采集山羊患病部位脓液,进行病原菌分离鉴定,依据菌株16SRNA基因序列构建系统进化发育树,同时设计特异性引物,建立PCR检测方法。结果表明,从病料中主要分离到3种病原菌,分别为伪结核棒状杆菌、化脓隐秘杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌;依据伪结核棒状杆菌磷脂酶D、化脓隐秘杆菌16SRNA和金黄色葡萄球菌nuc保守核苷酸序列设计引物,建立的多重PCR检测方法,可以从3种菌株混合基因组中扩增出大小分别为507、1 378和278bp的对应菌株特异性序列,该方法最低检出浓度为103cfu·mL-1;对采集的80份临床样品进行多重PCR检测,发现伪结核棒状杆菌与金黄色葡萄球菌混合感染检出率为12.5%,伪结核棒状杆菌与化脓隐秘杆菌混合感染检出率为3.75%,三种菌混合感染检出率为7.5%。成功分离到山羊淋巴结炎的3种主要病原菌,并建立多重PCR检测方法,为该病的防控及治病机制研究奠定了基础。 相似文献
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多重PCR检测奶牛乳腺炎金黄色葡萄球菌、无乳链球菌、停乳链球菌和酵母菌方法的建立与应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
参照GenBank发表的序列，在金黄色葡萄球菌、无乳链球菌和停乳链球菌16SrRNA与23SrRNA之间的区域设计了3对引物，参照念珠菌和隐球菌的18SrRNA的序列设计1对引物，建立了检测金黄色葡萄球菌、无乳链球菌、停乳链球菌和酵母真菌4种乳腺炎主要致病菌的多重PCR方法。参照Skladny的方法制备模拟了细菌感染l临床标本。结果表明：本试验建立的多重PCR方法具有较好的特异性，多重PCR方法检测乳样中的金黄色葡萄球菌的细菌最小浓度为10^4CFU／mL，检测无乳链球菌、停乳链球菌和酵母真菌的细菌最小浓度分别为10^4CFU／mL、10^3CFU／mL和10^3CFU／mL。通过对采自临床型乳腺炎（46个）和隐性乳腺炎（167个）动物共计213个乳样分别用传统细菌学培养法和多重PCR方法进行检测，多重PCR对金黄色葡萄球菌和酵母真菌的检测具有更高的检出率（P〈0．01），但该方法对无乳链球菌和停乳链球菌的检出率与培养法差异不显著（P〉0．05）。 相似文献
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上海地区奶牛乳房炎主要病原菌的分离鉴定及耐药性分析 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11
为了获得上海地区奶牛乳房炎病原菌及其药物敏感性的系统资料并为指导临床合理用药和提高奶牛乳房炎防治效果提供理论依据,本研究对在上海郊区4个奶牛场采集的临床型和隐性乳房炎患牛的126份奶样进行细菌培养、分离鉴定和药敏试验.共分离到萄葡球菌,无乳链球菌,大肠杆菌3种主要病原菌107株,其中金黄色葡萄球菌74株,占分离菌株的69.16%;无乳链球菌27株,占分离菌株的25.23%;病原菌单独感染率为48.78%,其中金黄色葡萄球菌的单独感染率达39.02%;病原菌混合感染率占51.22%,多为金黄色葡萄球菌和无乳链球菌混合感染.主要病原菌对头孢拉定、环丙沙星、庆大霉素敏感,对大多数抗菌素产生了不同程度的耐药性,对氨苄青霉素产生了完全耐药性. 相似文献
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本试验从新疆铁门关地区采集166份乳房炎患牛的奶样,进行了细菌分离鉴定并对主要病原菌进行药敏试验。结果表明,从奶样中共分离出12种267株细菌,其中主要病原菌为:金黄色葡萄球菌86株,检出率33.6%;大肠杆菌68株,检出率25.5%;停乳链球菌33株,检出率12.4%;无乳链球菌25株,检出率9.4%。临床型乳房炎大部分为混合感染(混合感染的感染率为61.4%),隐性乳房炎大部分为单独感染(单独感染的感染率为88.5%)。选择16种抗生素采用K-B纸片法对分离出的病原菌进行药敏试验,4种主要病原菌对头孢曲松钠、头孢哌酮、克林霉素、氟苯尼考敏感。该试验为本地区奶牛乳房炎的防治提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献