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为研究蒲公英提取物联合多种药物对奶牛乳房炎金黄色葡萄球菌的体外协同抑菌效果,以期应用于临床,减少抗菌药的使用量,降低细菌耐药性和兽药残留。试验选取3种来源(河北,东北,北京)的蒲公英提取物,通过高效液相色谱仪对3种不同来源的蒲公英提取物的主成分及含量进行测定并分析,选取后期试验所需的蒲公英提取物来源。并应用微量肉汤稀释法测定多种抗生素对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC值(最小抑菌浓度),随后测试蒲公英提取物与抗菌药物联合用药,是否对金黄色葡萄球菌具有协同效果。试验结果表明,不同来源的蒲公英提取物主成分含量差异较大,含有单咖啡酰酒石酸、咖啡酸、菊苣酸、绿原酸,但含量比例不同。随之测得不同来源蒲公英提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌的敏感程度也有差异,临床用药前有必要进行药敏试验科学精准的选择更合适的药物。蒲公英提取物与金霉素、恩诺沙星、阿莫西林、氨苄西林、头孢噻呋、头孢喹肟等联合用药,对金葡菌的体外抑菌实验有良好的协同作用,体外能显著降低抗菌药物的用量。 相似文献
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试验旨在研究沙枣叶提取物体外抗菌、抗氧化活性,以期为沙枣叶抗菌、抗氧化功能的综合开发利用提供理论依据。试验以沙枣叶为研究对象,提取沙枣叶醇提物、水提物原液（1 g/mL）,将1 g/mL沙枣叶提取物分别稀释为500、333、250、200、100、50、20、10 mg/mL的不同稀释浓度的待测样本检测其体外抗氧化活性及抗菌活性。抗菌试验选用鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、马链球菌、变形杆菌、大肠杆菌、白葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌等8种菌菌株各一株,分别测定沙枣叶提取物抑菌活性。结果表明：沙枣叶醇提物对大肠杆菌、白葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌、变形杆菌具有抗菌作用,其抗菌作用从大到小依次为沙枣叶醇提物1 g/mL、500 mg/mL、333 mg/mL及250 mg/mL浓度的样品,200 mg/mL浓度的沙枣叶醇提物对大肠杆菌、白葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌及变形杆菌为低度敏感;其他浓度沙枣叶醇提物及水提物各浓度样品对上述8种菌均为不敏感或无抑菌活性。试验条件下,沙枣叶水提物（1 g/mL）总抗氧化能力略高于醇提物（1 g/mL）,二者差异不显著（P>0.05）;沙枣叶水提物1 g/mL组和... 相似文献
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目的：研发奶牛抗菌肽生物制剂,防治奶牛子宫内膜疾病。方法：采用酸性尿素聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和琼脂糖弥散法检测子宫内膜组织酸溶性提取物抗菌活性;应用琼脂糖电泳及水平电泳洗脱分离出相应的抗菌条带,HPLC进一步分离纯化,琼脂糖弥散法检测纯化物的抗菌活性,Tricine-SDS-PAGE电泳检测其分子量。结果：粗提物中有两种主要的抗菌成分,其对金黄色葡萄球菌26003、大肠杆菌BL-21、牛致病性大肠杆菌4605、绿脓杆菌10104具有抗菌活性。上层条带的主要色谱峰出现在43、45 min,其中45 min收集的样品有较强的抗菌活性,其相对分子质量约为14 k Da。下层条带主要色谱峰出现在5、35、43、45、46、47、50 min,其中35、43、45 min收集的样品有抗菌活性,其相对分子质量分别约为14-16、6和12 k Da。各个组分对大肠杆菌BL-21和金黄色葡萄球菌26003均具有抑菌活性。结论：从奶牛子宫内膜组织分离出了5个抗菌成分,从相对分子质量、抗菌活性等方面初步认定为抗菌多肽。 相似文献
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目的:初探柠檬提取物对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用及其机制,温度、酸碱度对提取物作用的影响;观察柠檬提取物对新城疫病毒的抑制作用。方法:利用滤纸片扩散法测定不同提取物浓度的相对抑菌活性,不同温度、酸碱度环境提取物相对抑菌活性。利用Vero细胞为载体观察提取物对新城疫病毒的抑制作用。结果:柠檬提取物对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌有显著的抑菌活性,其活性不受酸碱度影响,但受温度影响;提取物对新城疫病毒具有直接抑制作用,对该病的预防及治疗作用则不明显。结论:柠檬提取物对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌及新城疫病毒均具抑制作用。 相似文献
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为了研究篦齿蒿(Neopallasia pectinata)水提取物及醇提取物的体外抑菌作用,采用牛津杯法测定篦齿蒿各种提取物对大肠埃希菌,金黄色葡萄球菌,沙门菌和链球菌的抑菌圈直径。用试管2倍稀释法测定其最低抑菌浓度(MIC)及最低杀菌浓度(MBC),以金黄色葡萄球菌和链球菌感染小鼠,判断其体内抗菌效果。结果表明,篦齿蒿各种提取物都具有一定的抑菌作用,尤其是对金黄色葡萄球菌,其乙酸乙酯提取物和正丁醇提取物是体外抗菌的主要活性部分。篦齿蒿提取物对链球菌感染小鼠体内抗菌效果较差,对金黄色葡萄球菌感染小鼠体内抗菌成分主要集中在乙酸乙酯提取物内,对小鼠死亡保护率明显高于阴性对照组,可达75%。 相似文献
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为了研究黄芪提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌等致病菌的抑菌活性,采用试管二倍稀释法,测定黄芪提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的体外抑菌活性;采用相同浓度致病菌灌胃小鼠后,分别用黄芪提取物灌胃治疗,测定小鼠十二指肠、空肠、回肠和盲肠中肠道菌群数量,以确定黄芪提取物的体内抑菌活性.结果表明,无论是在体外还是在体内,黄芪提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌均具有抑制作用,对大肠杆菌的抑制作用最强,对沙门氏菌的抑制作用最弱;且通过灌注黄芪提取物,显著降低了各种致病菌致病后小鼠的死亡率.通过研究可以得出,黄芪提取物对常见的金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌等致病菌具有较明显的体内外抑菌作用. 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献