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1.
本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加黑水虻幼虫粉对蛋鸡产蛋后期生产性能、蛋品质及血液生理生化指标的影响。选取60周龄、健康、产蛋率接近的海兰褐蛋鸡1080只,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复45只鸡,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组在基础饲粮中分别添加1%、2%、3%的黑水虻幼虫粉。预试期7 d,正试期60 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组蛋鸡产蛋后期的产蛋率显著提高(P<0.05),料蛋比显著降低(P<0.05),试验Ⅲ组的破软蛋率显著降低(P<0.05)。2)饲粮中添加黑水虻幼虫粉对蛋鸡产蛋后期的蛋壳颜色、蛋形指数、蛋白高度、哈氏单位、蛋壳厚度、蛋壳强度、蛋黄相对重、蛋壳相对重及蛋黄胆固醇含量均无显著影响(P>0.05)。3)与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组蛋鸡产蛋后期血清中天冬氨酸氨基转移酶活性和葡萄糖含量显著提高(P<0.05),试验Ⅲ组血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量显著提高(P<0.05),但饲粮中添加黑水虻幼虫粉对蛋鸡的血液生理指标和其他血清生化指标均没有显著影响(P>0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加黑水虻幼虫粉可提高蛋鸡产蛋后期的生产性能,改善血清生化指标,且不会对蛋鸡机体内环境稳态产生不良影响。  相似文献   

2.
本试验旨在探讨饲粮添加果寡糖对产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能、营养素利用率、血清生化指标和肠道形态结构的影响。选取384只65周龄、体重和产蛋率相近的健康海兰褐蛋鸡,随机分成4组,每组8个重复,每个重复12只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中分别添加0.2%、0.4%和0.6%的果寡糖。试验预试期1周,正试期12周。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,饲粮添加0.2%果寡糖显著降低试验后期(第7～12周)蛋鸡料蛋比(P<0.05),且料蛋比随果寡糖添加量的增加呈二次曲线变化(P<0.05)。2)试验期末(第12周末),蛋黄颜色评分随饲粮果寡糖添加量的增加呈线性升高(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,饲粮添加0.2%果寡糖显著提高了试验期末蛋鸡对饲粮的表观代谢能和粗蛋白质利用率(P<0.05),且表观代谢能和粗蛋白质利用率随果寡糖添加量的增加呈二次曲线变化(P<0.05)。4)试验期末蛋鸡血清总蛋白和球蛋白含量随果寡糖添加量的增加呈线性增加(P<0.05),血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯和高密度脂蛋白含量随果寡糖添加量的增加呈线性降低(P<0.05),其中0.4%果寡糖添加组和0.6%果寡糖添加组蛋鸡血清甘油三酯含量较对照组显著降低(P<0.05)。5)与对照组相比,饲粮添加0.2%果寡糖显著降低了试验第12周末蛋鸡空肠隐窝深度(P <0.05),显著增加了蛋鸡回肠绒毛高度(P <0.05)。由此可见,饲粮添加果寡糖可改善产蛋后期蛋鸡肠道形态结构,提高营养素利用率,调节脂质代谢,从而提高生产性能和改善蛋品质,且在试验后期效果更加显著。以生产性能为判断依据,推荐产蛋后期蛋鸡基础饲粮中果寡糖的添加量为0.20%～0.25%。  相似文献   

3.
本试验旨在研究虫草多糖对产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质和肠道形态结构的影响。试验选取70周龄产蛋率相近的海兰褐蛋鸡270只,随机分为3个组,每组6个重复,每个重复15只鸡。试验设对照组(饲喂基础饲粮)、试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组(分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0.01%和0.02%虫草多糖的饲粮)。预试期7 d,正试期45 d。以重复为单位每天记录蛋鸡产蛋数、破软蛋数和蛋重,每周记录其采食量,计算产蛋率、破软蛋率、平均日产蛋重、平均日采食量和料蛋比;试验结束后,蛋鸡禁食12 h,取其十二指肠、空肠和回肠,测定肠道绒毛高度、隐窝深度、肠壁厚度和绒毛高度/隐窝深度。结果表明:与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组的蛋鸡产蛋后期的产蛋率以及其空肠、回肠的绒毛高度和十二指肠肠壁厚度显著提高(P<0.05),料蛋比显著降低(P<0.05);试验Ⅱ组蛋鸡的平均日产蛋重显著提高(P<0.05),但饲粮中添加不同剂量的虫草多糖对蛋鸡产蛋后期的破软蛋率和蛋品质均无显著影响(P>0.05)。综上所述,蛋鸡产蛋后期饲粮中添加0.01%和0.02%的虫草多糖可提高其生产性能,改善肠道形态结构。  相似文献   

4.
试验旨在研究槲皮素对蛋鸡蛋壳品质的影响。选择体重和产蛋率相近的240只29周龄蛋鸡,随机分4组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别在基础日粮中添加0.02%、0.04%、0.06%槲皮素。结果表明:①与对照组相比,产蛋高峰期试验2组的蛋壳相对重极显著提高(P<0.01);在产蛋后期各试验组的蛋壳厚度均显著提高(P<0.05),试验2、3组的蛋壳相对重分别提高0.27%(P<0.05)和0.48%(P<0.01),试验1、2组的鸡蛋破软壳率极显著降低(P<0.01)。②产蛋高峰期各试验组的蛋壳钙含量均显著升高(P<0.05);产蛋后期试验2、3组的蛋壳钙含量显著提高(P<0.05),试验3组蛋壳磷含量显著降低(P<0.05)。③产蛋高峰期和后期各试验组的血清钙含量均极显著提高(P<0.01);在产蛋高峰期试验2组的血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)含量极显著提高(P<0.01);在产蛋后期试验1组的血清ALP含量极显著降低(P<0.01),试验2、3组的血清羟脯氨酸(Hyp)含量均显著降低(P<0.05)。因此,0.04%槲皮素可有效改善产蛋后期蛋壳品质。  相似文献   

5.
本试验旨在研究胆汁酸对蛋鸡产蛋后期生产性能的影响。试验采用单因子随机分组试验设计,选取24000只55周龄的罗曼粉壳蛋鸡,随机分到2个处理组,各处理组12个重复,每个重复1000只鸡,正式试验期12周。采用玉米-豆粕型粉状饲粮,试验组在对照组饲粮基础上添加200mg/kg胆汁酸(含量30%).试验结果表明,蛋鸡产蛋后期(55.67周龄)基础饲粮添加200mg/kg胆汁酸,极显著降低死亡率25%(P<0.01),显著提高产蛋率4.02%(P<0.05),显著降低了料蛋比4.31%(P<0.05).产蛋后期饲粮添加200mg/kg的胆汁酸能较好地改善蛋鸡生产性能,特别是降低死亡率效果极为显著。  相似文献   

6.
试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同比例复合微生态制剂对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及抗氧化性能的影响。选取体重相近的26周龄健康罗曼粉壳蛋鸡240只,随机分为3组,每组设5个重复,每个重复16只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组分别在基础饲粮中添加1.5%、3%复合微生态制剂。预试期7 d,正试期42 d,分试验前期(0～21 d)和试验后期(21～42 d)。结果表明:①饲粮添加1.5%、3%复合微生态制剂对全期产蛋率和平均蛋重均无显著影响(P>0.05),但后期产蛋率显著提高(P<0.05),添加3%复合微生态制剂显著降低了全期平均日采食量(P<0.05),极显著降低了后期平均日采食量、料蛋比及全期料蛋比(P<0.01)。②与对照组相比,饲粮添加3%复合微生态制剂有提高试验第21 d蛋黄颜色和蛋壳厚度的趋势(0.050.05)。③饲粮添加1.5%、3%复合微生态制剂均显著提高蛋鸡血清总抗氧化能力(P<0.05),添加3%复合微生态制剂显著降低蛋鸡血清丙二醛含量(P<0.05)。综上所述,蛋鸡饲粮添加复合微生态制剂可提高蛋鸡饲料利用率、抗氧化性能及改善蛋品质,复合微生态制剂的添加水平为3%时效果较佳。  相似文献   

7.
试验旨在研究发酵中草药对京红蛋鸡产蛋后期生产性能、血清生化指标和脂代谢的影响。选取体重相近、饲养管理水平一致的54周龄京红蛋鸡480只,随机分为2组,每组4个重复,每个重复60只蛋鸡。对照组蛋鸡饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中添加4 g/kg发酵中草药。预试期10 d,正式试验期56 d。结果显示:与对照组相比,试验组蛋鸡产蛋率显著提高(P<0.05),蛋黄比例及蛋壳强度极显著升高(P<0.01),蛋白比例及蛋黄胆固醇含量极显著降低(P<0.01)。与对照组相比,试验组蛋鸡血清总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白及钙含量极显著升高(P<0.01),血清总胆固醇含量极显著降低(P<0.01),肝脏总胆固醇含量极显著降低(P<0.01),低密度脂蛋白、甘油三酯含量及肝脏指数显著降低(P<0.05),肝脏高密度脂蛋白含量极显著升高(P<0.01)。试验表明,京红蛋鸡产蛋后期饲粮中添加4 g/kg发酵中草药可以提高京红蛋鸡产蛋后期的产蛋率,改善蛋品质和脂代谢能力。  相似文献   

8.
试验旨在研究饲粮中添加丁酸梭菌(Clostridium butyricum)对产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质和血清生化指标的影响。试验选取320只400日龄的罗曼蛋鸡,根据试验开始前各栏蛋鸡产蛋率情况随机分为2个处理,每个处理5个重复,每个重复32只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加1.0×108CFU/kg丁酸梭菌。预试期3 d,正试期42 d。结果表明:(1)饲粮添加丁酸梭菌提高了试验组蛋鸡平均日产蛋重(P0.05),并降低破蛋率(P0.05);添加丁酸梭菌有提高产蛋率的趋势(P=0.086);添加丁酸梭菌有提高合格蛋率、降低不合格蛋率的趋势(P=0.058);但两组之间存活率、平均日采食量、蛋均重、料蛋比、软蛋率、脏蛋率和畸形蛋率均无显著差异(P0.05)。(2)饲粮添加丁酸梭菌有提高蛋鸡试验第21 d蛋黄颜色的趋势(P=0.069)。饲粮添加丁酸梭菌提高了蛋鸡试验第42 d的蛋白高度和哈夫单位(P0.05);但对蛋壳颜色、蛋形指数、蛋壳强度、蛋黄颜色和蛋黄重量均无显著影响(P0.05)。(3)饲粮添加丁酸梭菌有提高蛋鸡试验第42 d血清中磷含量的趋势(P=0.059),但对血清中钙含量无显著影响(P0.05)。饲粮添加丁酸梭菌有提高蛋鸡试验第42 d血清中球蛋白含量的趋势(P=0.095),但对血清中总蛋白含量和白蛋白含量无显著影响(P0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加1.0×108CFU/kg丁酸梭菌可以改善蛋鸡产蛋后期的生产性能和蛋品质,并对营养物质的吸收利用、机体免疫功能具有一定的改善作用。  相似文献   

9.
试验旨在研究饲粮中添加白藜芦醇(Res)对产蛋后期蛋鸡的生产性能、蛋品质及蛋黄胆固醇含量的影响。选择360只体质量和产蛋率相近的60周龄健康京粉1号蛋鸡,随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每重复12只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂在基础饲粮中分别添加Res 0.05%、0.10%、0.20%和0.40%的试验饲粮。预试期1周,试验期为8周。结果表明:在产蛋后期蛋鸡饲粮中添加Res可显著降低肝脂率(P0.05),对腹脂率和肝相对质量无显著影响(P0.05);可显著降低其肝和胸肌中总胆固醇的含量(P0.05),对肝和胸肌中三酰甘油的含量无显著影响(P0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加适量Res对产蛋后期蛋鸡的脂肪代谢起到积极调节作用。  相似文献   

10.
本试验旨在探讨饲粮中添加大豆黄酮对产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能、血液指标、经济效益的影响。选取体重、产蛋率相近的56周龄海兰褐蛋鸡640只,随机分为4组(每组8个重复,每个重复20只),对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂在基础饲粮中分别添加10、50、100 mg/kg大豆黄酮的试验饲粮,试验期12周。结果表明:添加10 mg/kg大豆黄酮能极显著提高蛋重(P<0.01);添加50 mg/kg大豆黄酮能极显著提高产蛋率、降低料蛋比(P<0.01)。添加大豆黄酮显著提高了蛋鸡血清总蛋白、磷、钙、总胆固醇含量(P<0.05),对采食量、血液常规指标及血清白蛋白含量、谷草转氨酶活性、甘油三酯含量、葡萄糖含量、碱性磷酸酶活性、雌二醇水平和孕酮水平影响均不显著(P>0.05)。从经济效益上看,添加50 mg/kg大豆黄酮最好。由此可知,在蛋鸡产蛋后期饲粮中添加50 mg/kg大豆黄酮可以改善生产性能,且能够获得较佳的经济效益。  相似文献   

11.
Capromorelin is a ghrelin receptor agonist that is FDA approved for appetite stimulation in dogs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety of daily oral administration of capromorelin to cats over a range of doses and for an extended period. Two randomized, controlled studies were conducted: in Study 1, cats (n = 6 per group) received placebo or capromorelin at a dose of 9, 15, 30 or 60 mg/kg once daily for 14 days; and in Study 2, cats received capromorelin at 6 mg/kg (n = 8) or placebo (n = 4) once daily for 91 days. Cats were evaluated using clinical observations and clinical pathology test results for both studies, with the addition of postmortem examination in Study 1 and measurements of growth hormone and insulin‐like growth factor 1 in Study 2. Abnormal clinical observations were limited to emesis, hypersalivation, lethargy/depression, head shaking and lip smacking, which occurred more frequently in the capromorelin‐treated groups than in the placebo group. There were no clinically relevant differences in clinical pathology test results between the capromorelin and placebo groups in either study.  相似文献   

12.
对10个青贮玉米品种自然发病情况进行调查,并采用病级分类方法对抗病性分类。结果表明:对锈病表现抗性和中抗的品种有3个和5个,分别占供试品种的30%和50%;对大斑病表现抗性和中抗的品种有4个和5个,分别占供试品种的40%和50%;对褐斑病表现抗性和中抗的品种有6个和3个,分别占供试品种的60%和30%;对小斑病表现抗性和中抗的品种有6个和3个,分别占供试品种的60%和30%。多数品种对青贮玉米4种病害抗性表现较好,可从青贮玉米供试材料中选用优良抗病材料用于四川地区种植。  相似文献   

13.
Activation of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) leads to the formation of superoxide, which is in turn dismutated to H2O2 by superoxide dismutase (SOD) and is partly responsible for oxygen-dependent microbicidal activity. However, no comparative information is available on the effect of SOD inhibition before PMN activation to allow simulation of the SOD defects that are known to occur in some ruminants. This paper attempts to examine the degranulative and phagocytic responses in buffalo, cattle and goat PMNs exposed to diethyldithiocarbamate, a known SOD inhibitor. The activity of glutathione peroxidase and reductase was increased in the presence of SOD inhibitor. On activation, H2O2 production increased significantly (p<0.01), while SOD inhibition before the activation of PMNs caused a significant decline in the production of H2O2 (p<0.05) in all the species studied. There was a significant increase (p<0.05) in the phagocytosis of Candida albicans spores by buffalo PMNs activated with opsonized zymosan. Activation of bovine PMNs after exposure to the SOD inhibitor resulted in a significant decline (p<0.05) in phagocytic activity; in the other species, the two values only approached significance. Among the activators, opsonized zymosan caused a significant increase in phagocytic activity as compared to lipopolysaccharide, particularly in the PMNs of buffaloes (p<0.05). Increased fungicidal activity (p<0.05) occurred with opsonized zymosan-activated PMNs of all the species studied. The fungicidal activity was found to decline in PMNs exposed to SOD inhibitor before activation (p<0.05). Interestingly, the phagocytic activity of caprine PMNs was found to be lower than that of PMNs from cattle (p<0.05).  相似文献   

14.
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different dietary ratios of 13 C to 12 C or 15 N to 14 N on their relative incorporation into tissues. Eighty male rats were used in two 21-day feeding trials in which they were fed diets with either high δ13C levels (δ13C = −13.89‰ and δ15N = 2.37‰ in experiment 1 and δ13C = −19.34‰ and δ15N = 4.73‰ in experiment 2) or low δ13C levels (δ13C = −17.90‰ and δ15N = 3.08‰ in experiment 1 and δ13C = −21.76‰ and δ15N = 0.53‰ in experiment 2), meanwhile, the dietary δ15N levels were designed to two ranks. Blood, liver, adipose and muscle tissues were collected on day 0, 3, 7, 14, and 21 for determination of 13 C, 12 C, 15 N and 14 N isotopes. Rat growth rate, antioxidant capacity and metabolic parameters were also assessed. The results indicate that adipose tissue tend to deplete 13 C before the stable isotopic ratios achieved final equilibrium. Therefore, feeds with different isotopic signatures had different incorporation rates into tissues. Low dietary 13 C levels decreased tissue δ13C values whereas high dietary 13 C levels did not alter tissue δ13C values during the 21-d experiment. Blood δ15N values were a reliable parameter in assessing the relative contribution of dietary nitrogen to tissues. This study revealed a relationship between dietary isotopic signatures and their incorporation rates into rat tissues. However, more studies are needed to illustrate the mechanism through which dietary isotopic ratios influence the extent of isotopic incorporation into the tissues.  相似文献   

15.

Objective

To test the postexposure analgesic efficacy of low doses of eugenol in zebrafish.

Study design

Prospective experimental study.

Animals

A total of 76 large adult zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Methods

Fish swimming behavior (median velocity, freeze time, high-speed swimming and distance moved in the vertical direction) was recorded in a 1.6 L video arena before and after exposure to eugenol (0, 1, 2, 5, 10 and 20 mg L?1). In a second experiment, fish were anesthetized with 2-phenoxy-ethanol and treated with an injection of 5% acetic acid (noxious stimulus), and then exposed to 0, 1, 2 and 5 mg L?1 eugenol. The fish swimming behavior was also recorded.

Results

The higher doses (10 and 20 mg L?1) reduced the median velocity, high-speed swimming and distance moved in the vertical direction, and increased the freeze time. Zebrafish behavior was not altered by eugenol (1, 2 and 5 mg L?1) after noxious stimulation.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

The change in the behavior of zebrafish associated with a noxious stimulus can be monitored and is a good model for studying analgesia in fish. Eugenol (10 and 20 mg L?1) induced zebrafish sedation. The response after a noxious stimulus was not affected by postexposure to lower doses, and thus we cannot recommend its use as an analgesic.  相似文献   

16.
本文以千日红组培苗为试验材料,研究培养基中氮形态及含量对千日红试管苗生长和开花诱导的影响。结果表明,1)相对于铵态氮(NH4+),硝态氮(No3-)作为唯一氮源更有利于千日红试管苗生长和开花诱导,但千日红在NH4+和NO3-同时存在的培养基中表现最佳。2)在20 mmol/LNH4+(NO3-)和5 mg/L PP333存在的条件下,试管苗生长基本随着培养基中NO3-(NH4+)含量的增加而增加,并在含40 mmol/L NO3-+20 mmol/L NH4+(即MS培养基中氮含量)的培养基中株高达到最大值5.91 cm;而叶片数和开花率则随着培养基中NH4+和NO3-含量的增加呈现先增加后下降的趋势,并在20 mmol/L NO3-+5 mmol/LNH4+培养基中达到最大值,分别为10.7片/株和38.89%。3)氮含量及形态配比结果表明,千日红试管苗开花率在培养基中氮总量为5 mmol/L、NO3-/NH4+为4/1时达到最大值39.95%,而株高和叶片数在氮总量为35 mmol/L,NO3-/NH4+为4/1时达到最大值8.52 cm和13.38片/株。千日红试管苗开花率与培养基中NO3-/NH4+显著正相关,而与氮总量及株高之间显著负相关。此外,培养基中氮含量及形态配比还显著影响无菌苗根系生长。  相似文献   

17.
The pharmacokinetic properties of three formulations of vitacoxib were investigated in horses. To describe plasma concentrations and characterize the pharmacokinetics, 6 healthy adult Chinese Mongolian horses were administered a single dose of 0.1 mg/kg bodyweight intravenous (i.v.), oral paste, or oral tablet vitacoxib in a 3-way, randomized, parallel design. Blood samples were collected prior to and at various times up to 72 hr postadministration. Plasma vitacoxib concentrations were quantified using UPLC-MS/MS, and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using noncompartmental analysis. No complications resulting from the vitacoxib administration were noted on subsequent administrations, and all procedures were tolerated well by the horses throughout the study. The elimination half-life (T1/2λz) was 4.24 ± 1.98 hr (i.v.), 8.77 ± 0.91 hr (oral paste), and 8.12 ± 4.24 hr (oral tablet), respectively. Maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) was 28.61 ± 9.29 ng/ml (oral paste) and 19.64 ± 9.26 ng/ml (oral tablet), respectively. Area under the concentration-versus-time curve (AUClast) was 336 ± 229 ng hr/ml (i.v.), 221 ± 94 ng hr/ml (oral paste), and 203 ± 139 ng hr/ml, respectively. The results showed statistically significant differences between the 2 oral vitacoxib groups in Tmax value. T1/2λz (hr), AUClast (ng hr/ml), and MRT (hr) were significantly different between i.v. and oral groups. The longer half-life observed following oral administration was consistent with the flip-flop phenomenon.  相似文献   

18.
The current NRC dietary selenium (Se) requirement (0.15 mg/kg) of broilers is primarily based on growth performance data reported in 1986. Our study aimed to determine optimal dietary Se levels of broilers fed a practical corn-soybean meal diet for the full expression of selenoproteins in various tissues. A total of 384 one-d-old male broilers (n = 8 replicates/diet) were fed a basal corn-soybean meal diet or the basal diet supplemented with 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 or 0.5 mg Se/kg in the form of Na2SeO3 for 21 d. Regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the optimal dietary Se levels using broken-line, quadratic or asymptotic models. The activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in the plasma, liver, kidney and pancreas, iodothyronine deiodinase (DIO) in the plasma, liver and pancreas, and thioredoxin reductase (Txnrd) in the liver and pancreas, the mRNA levels of Gpx1, Gpx4, Dio1, selenoprotein (Seleno) h, Selenop and Selenou in the liver, Gpx4, Dio1, Txnrd1, Txnrd2, Selenoh, Selenop and Selenou in the kidney, and Gpx1, Gpx4, Selenoh and Selenou in the pancreas, and the protein levels of GPX4 in the liver and kidney of broilers were influenced (P < 0.05) by added Se levels, and increased quadratically (P < 0.05) with the increase of added Se levels. The estimates of optimal dietary Se levels were 0.07 to 0.36 mg/kg based on the fitted broken-line, quadratic or asymptotic models (P < 0.001) of the aforementioned selenoprotein expression in the plasma, liver and kidney, and 0.09 to 0.46 mg/kg based on the fitted broken-line models (P < 0.001) of the aforementioned selenoprotein expression in the pancreas. The results indicate that the optimal dietary Se levels would be 0.36 mg/kg to support the full expression of selenoproteins in the plasma, liver and kidney, and 0.46 mg/kg to support the full expression of selenoproteins in the pancreas of broilers fed a practical corn-soybean meal diet from 1 to 21 d of age.  相似文献   

19.
An experiment was designed to determine the influence of fibre and betaine on the development of the intestine, liver and pancreas of broilers from hatch to 14 d of age. A total of 250-day-old Cobb 500 male broilers were allocated to 16 cages with 15 broilers each. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 4 factorial design, consisting of 2 feed formulations (low and high fibre diets) and 4 levels of betaine (0, 1, 3 or 5 kg/t). At hatch, 10 birds in total were euthanised, and samples of the liver, pancreas, yolk sac and intestine were collected for reference of the analysed parameters before the start of the trial. On d 4, 9 and 14, 5 birds per cage (10 birds per treatment) were selected, euthanised and treated as the same as the birds at hatch. Villus height and width and crypt depth were determined on the duodenum samples, and absorptive area was calculated. The number of enterocytes in mitosis at the villus was determined by a positive reaction to antibody for Ki67 protein, and fused villus was evaluated visually. The relative weight of the yolk sac reduced (P < 0.05) as birds aged while the intestine and liver reached a maximum (P < 0.05) at around d 4 and the pancreas at d 9. Birds fed the high fibre diet had greater feed intake, lower relative weight of the pancreas and higher villus (P < 0.05) than birds fed the low fibre diet. Villus width increased (P < 0.05) at 4 d of age, and this was associated with fused villus. Betaine inclusion reduced (P < 0.05) villus width, increased (P < 0.05) villus size and absorptive area, and reduced (P < 0.05) the number of enterocytes with positive reaction for the antibody Ki-67. Betaine inclusion reduced the width and increased the absorptive area and the villus height of the duodenum of birds up to 14 d of age. The higher fibre diet increased feed intake and villus height, yet reduced pancreas relative weight, while not affecting body weight gain. This response was possibly due to a dilution effect of the fibre, reducing nutrient absorption and consequently stimulating villus growth to improve absorption rates.  相似文献   

20.
We report the cryopreservation of oocytes from Ban miniature pigs which are endemic in Vietnam. Immature cumulus‐oocyte complexes were collected from antral follicles of 7–8 mo old female cyclic Ban pigs and vitrified in micro‐drops. Oocyte morphology, lipid content, post‐warming survival, nuclear maturation, and embryo development were compared to those of oocytes from commercially slaughtered Landrace × Large white hybrid pigs. The size of oocytes in the two breeds was similar. However, significantly lower amounts of intracellular lipid were detected in Ban oocytes. There was no difference (p > 0.05) between Ban and Landrace × Large white oocytes in percentages of post‐warming survival (93.1 ± 3.4% vs. 70.7 ± 16.7%, respectively) and nuclear maturation after in vitro maturation (80.4 ± 5.1% vs. 90.0 ± 1.3% respectively). Similarly, cleavage (30.8 ± 7.8% vs. 10.3 ± 6.1%, respectively) and blastocyst development rates (9.4 ± 5.0% vs. 0.79 ± 0.79, respectively) were not different (p > 0.05) between vitrified Ban and Landrace × Large white oocytes after in vitro fertilization and embryo culture. In conclusion, high survival and maturation rates were achieved after vitrification of immature Ban oocytes and their cryo‐tolerance was similar to that of Landrace × Large white oocytes, despite the difference in lipid content. We succeeded to generate reasonable rates of blastocysts from vitrified Ban oocytes by in vitro fertilization.  相似文献   

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