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克隆牦牛白细胞介素-4（IL～4）基因,并对其进行遗传演化分析。从刀豆素（ConA）和脂多糖（LPS）联合刺激培养的牦牛外周血淋巴细胞提取总RNA．利用RT—PCR方法扩增牦牛IL-4全长cDNA,将其克隆到pMD18～T载体上,测序后进行序列分析。成功克隆到牦牛IL-4基因全序列,序列分析表明,克隆的牦牛IL-4基因序列与GenBank所登录的牛IL-4核苷酸序列及推导的氨基酸序列的同源性分别这99．8％和100％,与人、猕猴、猪、山羊、马等物种的核苷酸及其推导氨基酸序列的同源性分别在44．4％～96．3％和27．4％～91．1％之间。在国内首次成功地从牦牛外周血淋巴细胞中克隆到IL-4的基因,其ORF为408bp,推导编码135个氨基酸。 相似文献
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试验参照猪SRY基因保守序列设计了1对引物,对香猪基因组DNA进行PCR扩增。将扩增产物通过T—A互补法克隆到质粒pGEM—T载体中,筛选阳性克隆进行DNA测序。测序结果显示,香猪SRY基因开放阅读框全长627bp,编码227个氨基酸。其中核心区域HMG—box长237bp,并且编码79个氨基酸。与白鲸、人、牛、绵羊4种哺乳动物的SRY基因序列相比较,香猪和白鲸的SRY序列具有较高的相似性,相似度达82．1％。序列相似性和邻接法聚类树的结果均显示,在SRY基因中香猪和白鲸有着较近的亲缘关系,表明以白鲸为代表的鲸目和以香猪为代表的偶蹄目有较近的亲缘关系。 相似文献
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猪星状病毒ORF2基因的克隆及序列分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
参考GenBank上发表的猪星状病毒亚基因组序列,设计1对引物,对猪星状病毒广西流行株衣壳蛋白ORF2基因进行扩增,最终克隆得到PAstV/NNJG7株的衣壳蛋白完整序列.序列分析发现,其ORF2全长2 358 bp,编码786个氨基酸;与猪星状病毒Ⅰ型参考株核苷酸同源性最高,为77.3％～79.4％;在ORF1b和ORF2连接处有一段高度保守的序列,在ORF2 3'端有一段长83 bp非翻译序列及一个含43 bp高度保守的茎环样基序.本试验不仅丰富了猪星状病毒衣壳蛋白基因序列,也为基因疫苗和诊断试剂盒的研制提供材料及理论依据. 相似文献
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CD4分子为动物辅助性T细胞（TH）和部分胸腺细胞的共受体与信号传导分子，参与TCR介导的TH细胞活化和胸腺细胞分化过程。本研究应用RT-PCR和RACE技术从猪胸腺细胞总RNA中扩增克隆了猪CD4全长cDNA序列，并进行了序列特性分析。序列分析结果表明，在猪胸腺细胞和外周血淋巴细胞中存在2种方式剪接的CD4 mRNA转录本，其中一种mRNA转录本缺失编码40个氨基酸残基的120nt序列，提示该转录本可能编码猪分泌型CD4分子；猪CD4全长cDNA序列为2715nt。其中5′非编码区159nt，3′非编码区1183nt，1374nt的开放阅读框编码457个氨基酸的猪CD4前体蛋白（含4个糖基化住点）；猪CD4分子的7个Cys残基（Cys^43、Cys^122、Cys^327、Cys^418、Cys^421、Cys^444和Cys^446）和2个Ser残基（Ser^432和Ser^439）在动物种间保守；在猪CD4分子胞浆区．存在高度保守的Src家族蛋白酪氨酸激酶p56^kk。识别位点KKTCQC和内化相关双亮氨酸基序。推导氨基酸序列分析结果显示，猪与人、免、猫、狗和鼠CD4蛋白的氨基酸同源性分别为56．0％，54．5％。56．9％，56．5％和44．9％。 相似文献
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根据GenBank中收录的三种猪Ⅰ型干扰素（porcine interferon,pIFN）基因序列,设计了3对特异性引物。运用RT—PCR技术从长白猪外周血淋巴细胞总RNA中扩增得到了三种猪干扰素基因,并将其克隆至pGEM-T Easy载体上。序列测定结果显示,获得的猪干扰素α1基因序列全长570bp,编码189个氨基酸,获得的猪干扰素α2基因序列全长540bp,编码179个氨基酸,获得的猪干扰素β基因序列全长563bp,编码186个氨基酸。三种猪Ⅰ型干扰素基因与已知猪Ⅰ型干扰素核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列的相似性最高可达99％～100％。 相似文献
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为探讨不同遗传背景猪黏病毒耐药蛋白1（myxovirus resistance,Mx1）基因的遗传多态性,本试验采用RT-PCR方法扩增克隆出猪Mx1基因并进行生物信息学分析,采用高分辨率熔解曲线法（HRM）对民猪、长白山野猪与民猪杂交猪（简称野杂猪）和大白猪3个群体Mx1基因外显子2区多态性进行分析。结果显示,从民猪及野杂猪中成功克隆出4条Mx1基因mRNA序列。该序列含有1个1 992 bp的完整开放阅读框（ORF）,编码663个氨基酸。比较发现4条Mx1基因序列中共含有30个SNPs位点,其中17个SNPs位点引起了氨基酸序列的变异。功能结构域分析发现,大部分氨基酸突变位点位于Mx1基因功能结构域两侧。HRM多态性分析显示,Mx1基因外显子2区DD基因型作为优势基因型在3个群体中具有最高的基因型频率,其中大白猪中DD基因型频率为100%,野杂猪为62.5%,民猪为56.2%。基因多态性分析还发现该区域存在更多的核苷酸及氨基酸突变位点,表明民猪和野杂猪Mx1基因存在更丰富的基因多态性。 相似文献
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根据 GenBank 中猪圆环病毒Ⅱ型(PCV- 2)ORF2基因序列,设计一对引物,应用PCR从疑似断奶仔猪多系统消耗综合征(PMWS)的死亡仔猪组织病料中扩增出 ORF2 基因(702 bp)。将此基因片段克隆入 pMD -18 T载体,筛选获得重组质粒 pMD ORF2 并对其测序,结果表明所克隆的ORF2基因与德国分离株AF201897核苷酸序列同源性为99.5%与其它PCV- 2 的 ORF2 核苷酸序列同源性在92.1%~99.9%之间,推导的氨基酸序列同源性在90.2%~99.5%之间。 相似文献
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根据GenBank中猪圆环病毒Ⅰ型（PCV1）ORF1基因序列,设计合成了1对引物,对PCV1 ORF1基因进行PCR扩增,将扩增出的ORF1基因（939 bp）克隆入pMD18-T载体,将筛选获得的重组质粒命名为pMD-ORF1。测序分析表明,克隆的ORF1与广东分离株DQ659154的核苷酸序列同源性高达99.6%,推导的氨基酸序列同源性为99.4%。将ORF1双酶切产物插入原核表达载体pET-41a,得到的重组子命名为pET-ORF1。用IPTG进行诱导表达,收集菌液进行SDS-PAGE和Western-blot分析,结果表明,PCV1ORF1在pET-41a中获得了高效融合表达,其表达蛋白的分子质量约为67.6 ku。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献