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1.
本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平维生素A对22～42日龄黄羽肉鸡生长性能、血清和肝脏维生素A含量及抗氧化能力的影响。选用22日龄快长型岭南黄羽肉公鸡1 440只,根据体重均衡原则随机分为6个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复40只。各处理维生素A添加水平分别为0(对照组)、750、1 500、3 000、6 000、12 000 IU/kg。试鸡自由采食与饮水,饲养21 d。结果表明:1)饲粮添加维生素A显著提高试鸡42日龄体重和平均日增重(P<0.05),并显著降低料重比(P<0.05),添加维生素A 1 500、3 000 IU/kg显著提高试鸡平均日采食量(P<0.05)。2)随维生素A添加水平升高,试鸡血清、肝脏维生素A含量显著提高(P<0.05)。添加维生素A 12 000 IU/kg组血清和肝脏维生素A含量显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),添加维生素A 3 000、6 000 IU/kg组血清维生素A含量显著高于除添加维生素A 12 000 IU/kg组外的其他各组(P<0.05),添加维生素A 6 000 IU/kg组肝脏维生素A含量显著高于除添加维生素A 12000 IU/kg组外的其他各组(P<0.05)。3)饲粮中添加维生素A 1 500、3 000、6 000 IU/kg可显著提高试鸡血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力(P<0.05),添加维生素A可显著提高肝脏GSH-Px活力(P<0.05);添加维生素A 1 500、3 000、6 000、12 000 IU/kg可显著降低血清丙二醛(MDA)含量(P<0.05),添加维生素A 3 000 IU/kg可显著降低肝脏MDA含量(P<0.05)。结果提示,饲粮添加维生素A 3 000～6 000 IU/kg能维持血清维生素A含量稳定,提高机体抗氧化能力,从而促进22～42日龄黄羽肉鸡生长。  相似文献   

2.
本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平维生素A对43～63日龄黄羽肉鸡生长性能、抗氧化指标和肉品质的影响。选用43日龄快长型岭南黄羽肉公鸡1 080只,根据体重均衡原则随机分为6个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复30只鸡。处理1为空白对照组,饲喂基础饲粮,其维生素A含量为208 IU/kg,处理2、3、4、5、6为试验组,在基础饲粮中分别添加750、1 500、3 000、6 000、12 000 IU/kg维生素A,其他营养成分各处理基本一致。试鸡自由采食与饮水。试验期21 d。结果表明:1)饲粮添加1 500、3 000、6 000、12 000 IU/kg维生素A均显著提高了试鸡63日龄体重、平均日增重和平均日采食量(P<0.05),但对料重比无显著影响(P>0.05)。2)随着饲粮维生素A添加水平升高,试鸡血浆、肝脏维生素A含量显著提高(P<0.05)。添加3 000、6 000、12 000 IU/kg维生素A组血清维生素A含量显著高于空白对照组(P<0.05),添加6 000、12 000 IU/kg维生素A组显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),而添加12 000 IU/kg维生素A组又显著高于添加6 000 IU/kg维生素A组(P<0.05)。3)饲粮添加3 000 IU/kg维生素A显著提高了试鸡血清、肝脏和胸肌总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性(P<0.05),显著降低了丙二醛(MDA)含量(P<0.05)。4)饲粮添加750～6 000 IU/kg维生素A显著降低了试鸡宰后45 min胸肌肉色亮度(L*)值(P<0.05),添加6 000 IU/kg维生素A显著提高了试鸡胸肌肌内脂肪含量及宰后45 min、24 h胸肌肉色红度(a*)值和pH(P<0.05),添加3 000 IU/kg维生素A显著降低了试鸡宰后45 min、24 h胸肌失水率(P<0.05),添加1 500～12 000 IU/kg维生素A显著降低了试鸡胸肌剪切力值(P<0.05),而对宰后24 h胸肌肉色L*值及宰后45 min、24 h胸肌肉色黄度(b*)值无显著影响(P>0.05)。综合考虑可知,饲粮分别添加1 500、3 000 IU/kg和3 000～6 000 IU/kg维生素A,试鸡可获得较好的生长性能、抗氧化能力和肉品质,加上基础饲粮中的维生素A含量208 IU/kg,则相应的饲粮维生素A适宜水平分别为1 908、3 208 IU/kg和3 208～6 208 IU/kg。  相似文献   

3.
本试验旨在研究不同水平维生素A对青农灰鹅生长性能、血清生化指标及组织中维生素A含量的影响。选用1日龄青农灰鹅200只,随机分为5组,每组4个重复,每个重复10只鹅。各组在玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮中分别添加0、1 500、3 000、6 000和12 000 IU/kg的维生素A。试验期12周。结果表明:1)饲粮添加维生素A能显著提高1～4、5～12周龄青农灰鹅平均日增重和平均日采食量(P<0.05),降低死淘率,但对料重比影响不显著(P>0.05)。2)4周龄时,添加6 000 IU/kg维生素A显著降低了血清尿酸含量(P<0.05),添加3 000和6 000 IU/kg维生素A极显著提高了血清碱性磷酸酶活性(P<0.01),但对血清总蛋白、血糖和尿素氮的含量影响不显著(P>0.05);12周龄时,添加6 000 IU/kg维生素A显著降低血清血糖和尿酸含量(P<0.05),极显著提高了血清碱性磷酸酶活性(P<0.01),但不同水平维生素A对血清总蛋白、尿素氮的含量影响不显著(P>0.05)。3)随着饲粮中维生素A添加水平的提高,血清及肝脏中维生素A含量极显著增加(P<0.01)。由此可见,本试验条件下,以生长性能作为衡量标准,1～4周龄青农灰鹅饲粮维生素A适宜添加水平为8 000 IU/kg,5～12周龄为9 000 IU/kg;以血清生化指标作为衡量标准,1～4、5～12周龄维生素A添加水平均以6 000 IU/kg为宜。  相似文献   

4.
试验选用1日龄健康艾维茵肉鸡384只称重后随机分为16个处理组,每个处理组设3个重复,每个重复8只,试验期为6周,采用4×4(VA×VE)完全随机试验设计,研究了日粮中添加不同水平维生素A(1 500、3 000、15 000和45 000 IU/kg)和维生素E(5、15、150和1 500 IU/kg)对肉鸡骨骼钙磷代谢的影响。结果表明,随日粮维生素A水平的增加,肉鸡的胫骨钙浓度呈显著一次线性降低(P<0.05),血清AKP活性与胫骨磷浓度呈一次线性降低趋势(P<0.10),而且45 000 IU/kg维生素A组的肉鸡血清AKP活性、胫骨的灰分与钙含量均显著降低(P<0.05),胫骨矿化度趋于降低(P<0.10)1;5 000 IU/kg维生素A组的上述各项指标均呈不同程度地降低。随日粮维生素E水平增加,血清钙含量与胫骨矿化度呈显著一次线性增加(P<0.05),胫骨钙含量呈显著的一元二次增加(P<0.05);而且1 500 IU/kg维生素E组的肉鸡胫骨矿化度有显著的增加趋势(P<0.10)。日粮维生素A水平在1 500～45 000 IU/kg范围内,维生素E水平在5～1 500 IU/kg范围内,维生素A、E在肉鸡的钙、磷代谢方面均无明显的互作效应存在。过量的维生素A对肉鸡钙、磷代谢有显著的负面影响,日粮维生素A水平为45 000 IU/kg时,提示肉鸡维生素A过量;日粮维生素A水平为15 000 IU/kg时,提示肉鸡维生素A临界过量。日粮中添加较高剂量的维生素E(1 500 IU/kg),可引起肉鸡骨骼强度呈增加趋势,对肉鸡的钙、磷代谢有一定的促进效果。  相似文献   

5.
维生素A对0～3周龄北京鸭生产性能和肠道发育的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
本研究旨在评价日粮中添加维生素A对0～3周龄肉鸭生产性能、血清中维生素A含量和肠道发育的影响.选择1日龄健康北京鸭360只,随机分为5个组,每组6个重复,每个重复12只鸭,分别饲喂在基础日粮中添加0.2500、5000、10000、15000 IU/kg维生素A的试验日粮,试验期为3周.结果表明:日粮中维生素A水平为2 500 IU/kg即能满足北京鸭基本需要;维生素A添加水平在0～10000 IU/kg时,血清中维生素A含量随着日粮中维生素A添加水平的增加而极显著提高(P<0.01),10 000和15 000 IU/kg添加组之间差异不显著(P>0.05);2500 IU/kg组的绒毛长度、十二指肠隐窝深度和肠壁厚度均显著或极显著高于0 IU/kg组(P<0.05或P<0.01),但与其他组差异不显著(P>0.05).由此可见,饲料中适量增加维生素A的添加水平可提高北京鸭生产性能,增加肠道的绒毛长度;肠道绒毛的发育状况和血清中维生素A均可以作为评价肉鸭维生素A营养状况的指标.  相似文献   

6.
黄羽肉鸡育肥期维生素A、E适宜添加量研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  
选体重和脚胫颜色度接近的56日龄黄羽肉鸡共960只,随机分为16个处理组,每处理60只鸡。采用双因子4×4水平的随机试验设计,4个维生素A添加水平(0、5000、10000、20000IU/kg)和4个维生素E添加水平(0、30、60、120IU/kg)。结果表明:在维生素A0～10000IU/kg、维生素E0～60IU/kg范围内,黄羽肉鸡的日增重和饲料报酬逐渐提高;日粮维生素A添加量超过10000IU/kg,血浆中维生素E含量有下降趋势。高水平维生素A(20000IU/kg),升高血浆TBARS值,大剂量维生素E(120IU/kg),提高机体脂质稳定性。日粮添加20000IU/kg维生素A对色素的沉积有抑制作用,随维生素E水平的上升,皮肤的颜色指数呈现上升趋势。维生素A和E含量及其互作对血清新城疫抗体效价有显著影响。综合考虑,黄羽肉鸡育肥期维生素A、E的适宜添加量分别为5000～10000IU/kg,30～60IU/kg。  相似文献   

7.
本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平维生素A对肉鸡生长性能、免疫及抗氧化功能的影响。采用单因子完全随机试验设计,选用1日龄健康爱拔益加(AA)肉鸡240只(公母各占1/2),随机分为5个组(在玉米-豆粕型饲粮中分别添加3 000、6 000、15 000、30 000和45 000 IU/kg维生素A),每个组6个重复,每个重复8只鸡,试验期42 d。结果表明:1)饲粮中添加不同水平维生素A对22~42日龄肉鸡的平均日增重(ADG)、平均日采食量(ADFI)及1~42日龄肉鸡的ADFI均有显著影响(P<0.05),对22~42日龄肉鸡的料重比(F/G)的影响有显著的趋势(0.05≤P<0.10),且22~42日龄和1~42日龄肉鸡的ADFI以及1~42日龄肉鸡的F/G随饲粮维生素A添加水平的增加均呈线性升高(P<0.05或0.05≤P<0.10),3 000 IU/kg组肉鸡增重效果较差,6 000和15 000 IU/kg组肉鸡增重高且F/G低,30 000和45 000 IU/kg组肉鸡ADFI较高、F/G不同程度升高。2)饲粮添加不同水平维生素A对21日龄血清白细胞介素-1(IL-1)和42日龄血清IL-1、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量有显著影响(P<0.05),对42日龄血清白细胞介素-2(IL-2)含量的影响有显著的趋势(0.05≤P<0.10),其中3 000、6 000和45 000 IU/kg组血清免疫因子含量较低,15 000 IU/kg组较高。3)饲粮添加不同水平维生素A对21日龄血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性和42日龄血清GSH-Px、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性有显著影响(P<0.05),且21日龄血清丙二醛(M DA)含量随饲粮维生素A添加水平的增加呈线性升高趋势(0.05≤P<0.10),42日龄血清MDA含量、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性随饲粮维生素A添加水平的增加分别呈显著的一次线性和二次曲线升高(P<0.05),其中45 000 IU/kg组血清MDA含量较高且T-SOD活性较低。综上,本试验条件下添加6 000和15 000 IU/kg的维生素A可使肉鸡获得较好的生长性能,且15 000 IU/kg维生素A可满足肉鸡免疫和抗氧化需要,而添加水平增至30 000和45 000 IU/kg时肉鸡生长性能和免疫抗氧化机能均有降低趋势。  相似文献   

8.
试验选用1日龄青农灰鹅200只,随机分为5个处理,每处理4个重复,每重复10只。在玉米-豆粕型日粮基础上分别添加0(Ⅰ组)、1500(Ⅱ组)、3000(Ⅲ组)、6000 IU/kg(Ⅳ组)和12000 IU/kg(Ⅴ组)的维生素A,试验期为12周。结果表明:日粮添加维生素A能显著提高12周龄青农灰鹅屠宰率、全净膛率、半净膛率(P<0.05),但对4周龄鹅屠宰性能的影响不显著(P>0.05);基础日粮添加维生素A能极显著提高4周龄青农灰鹅胸腺指数及淋巴细胞转化率(P<0.01),显著提高12周龄胸腺指数(P<0.05),极显著提高12周龄法氏囊指数和淋巴细胞转化率(P<0.01),日粮添加维生素A能显著提高免疫后7、14 d鹅禽流感抗体效价(P<0.05)。结果显示,日粮中添加维生素A可提高青农灰鹅的屠宰性能和免疫性能。综合各项指标,本试验条件下,0～4周龄和5～12周龄维生素A添加水平均以7000 IU/kg为宜。  相似文献   

9.
本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平维生素A对扬州鹅种蛋品质和抗氧化性能的影响。选取180日龄、体重相近的健康扬州鹅种鹅90只,随机分成5组(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组),每组15只母鹅、3只公鹅。I组为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮;Ⅱ～Ⅴ组为试验组,分别在基础饲粮中添加4 000、8 000、12 000、16 000 IU/kg的维生素A。试验期为28周。结果表明:1)试验组种蛋哈氏单位极显著高于对照组(P<0.01); 12 000 IU/kg添加组蛋壳厚度极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),且显著高于8 000和16 000 IU/kg添加组(P <0.05),4 000 IU/kg添加组显著高于对照组(P<0.05); 4 000和12 000 IU/kg添加组蛋黄颜色极显著深于对照组(P<0.01),8 000 IU/kg添加组显著深于对照组(P<0.05);试验组种蛋比重显著高于对照组(P<0.05),且12 000和16 000 IU/kg添加组极显著高于对照组(P<0.01); 4 000和8 000 IU/kg添加组蛋黄比例显著高于对照组(P <0. 05),且8 000 IU/kg添加组极显著高于对照组(P <0. 01),12 000和16 000 IU/kg添加组与对照组相比有提高的趋势(P=0. 058,P=0. 066)。2) 4 000、8 000和12 000 IU/kg添加组蛋黄超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),8 000 IU/kg添加组显著高于16 000 IU/kg添加组(P<0.05),12 000与16 000 IU/kg添加组之间差异极显著(P<0.01); 4 000和8 000 IU/kg添加组蛋黄丙二醛(MDA)含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05),12 000 IU/kg添加组与对照组相比有降低的趋势(P=0.084); 12 000 IU/kg添加组蛋黄总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著高于对照组(P<0.05),4 000和8 000 IU/kg添加组与对照组相比有提高的趋势(P=0.087,P=0.051); 8 000和12 000 IU/kg添加组蛋黄谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量极显著高于对照组、4 000和16 000 IU/kg添加组(P <0. 01)。综上所述,种鹅饲粮中添加8 000～12 000 IU/kg的维生素A能提高种蛋的蛋品质,提高蛋黄抗氧化能力,降低脂质过氧化产物,提高种蛋的抗氧化性能。  相似文献   

10.
试验研究饲粮添加不同水平维生素A(VA) (0、1300、2600、5000、10000、15000IU/kg)对22 -50kg生长猪生产性能、胴体品质、胴体无脂瘦肉增重、肝脏和血浆中VA含量、血清免疫参数的影响。结果表明 ,添加VA1300 -10000IU/kg 提高了日增重 (P>0.05)、极显著地降低料重比 (P<0.01) ;但VA添加水平从1300IU/kg增加至10000IU/kg,料重比显著提高 (P<0.05) ,采食量也极显著提高 (P<0.01)。各组屠宰率、瘦肉率、脂肪率、背膘厚、胴体瘦肉成分都无显著差异 (P>0.05) ,眼肌面积则随VA水平的升高而趋于增大(P>0.05)。胴体瘦肉和无脂瘦肉日增重在添加VA1300IU/kg 和10000IU/kg两组间很接近 ,而且优于其它组 (P<0.05)。随着VA水平的提高 ,肝脏中VA含量极显著提高 (P<0.01) ,至添加VA10000IU/kg组最高 ,之后略下降 ;添加VA有使血浆中VA含量升高的趋势 (P>0.05)。各组血清中IgG、IgA、IgM含量都无显著差异 (P>0.05) ,添加VA使T淋巴细胞中CD3+ 和CD8+ 亚群比例趋于升高 (P>0.05),随着添加VA水平提高 ,血清T淋巴细胞中CD4+/CD8+比值趋于下降 ,至添加VA10000IU/kg 组最低 ,在VA15000IU/kg 组又明显上升 (P>0.05)。以肝脏中VA含量为指标 ,生长猪VA适宜水平为在基础饲料上添加10000IU/kg ,但根据生产性能等其它指标 ,添加1300IU  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

14.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

15.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

16.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

17.
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.  相似文献   

18.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

19.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

20.
Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing.  相似文献   

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