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去势对荷斯坦奶公牛生长性能、血液生化指标及屠宰性能的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国畜牧杂志》2016,(7)
本试验旨在研究去势对荷斯坦奶公牛生长性能、血液生化指标及屠宰性能的影响。选择34头健康、体重相近荷斯坦奶公牛(270kg左右),随机分为2组,每组17头,一组进行去势处理,另一组未进行去势处理。结果表明:(1)去势对荷斯坦奶公牛的生长性能没有显著影响(P0.05);(2)去势显著降低了前期日粮中Ca、P的表观消化率(P0.05),但显著增加了后期粗脂肪(EE)的表观消化率(P0.05);对两期其他营养物质的表观消化率没有显著影响(P0.05);(3)去势显著提高了后期血清中尿素氮(BUN)、白蛋白(ALB)的含量(P0.05),极显著提高了甘油三酯(TG)含量(P0.01);对两期其他血液指标没有显著影响(P0.05)。(4)去势显著降低了胴体重(P0.05),极显著降低了眼肌面积(P0.01),但极显著提高了大理石花纹等级(P0.01);对其他屠宰指标没有显著影响(P0.05)。综上所述,去势对荷斯坦奶公牛育肥性能没有显著影响,但增加了体内脂肪沉积能力,极显著提高了大理石花纹等级。 相似文献
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后备荣昌母猪适宜消化能和赖氨酸需要量研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
旨在探讨研究35～55 kg后备荣昌母猪适宜日粮消化能(DE)与表观可消化赖氨酸(ADLys)水平。选用(34.45±4.53)kg后备荣昌母猪216头,随机分为12个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复3头。采用3×4因子设计,日粮DE分别为11.72、12.34和12.97 MJ/kg,ADLys分别为0.43%、0.53%、0.63%和0.73%。结果表明:随着日粮DE水平的提高,试验猪日增重显著提高(P0.05),饲料增重比显著降低(P0.05),P2背膘厚显著增加(P0.01),母猪发情率呈现上升趋势(P0.1)。日粮Lys水平提高使血清尿素氮含量呈现上升趋势(P0.1)。在本试验条件下,35～55 kg后备荣昌母猪适宜日粮DE和ADLys水平分别为12.97MJ/kg和0.43%。 相似文献
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大白阉公猪肌内脂肪含量与肉质性状相关性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《养猪》2015,(6)
肌内脂肪含量是影响猪肉品质的重要因素之一,是决定猪肉嫩度、风味的重要评价指标。试验屠宰40头大白阉公猪,测定其3点平均背膘厚、皮厚、失水率、肉色、大理石纹、p H、肌内脂肪等指标,并开展性状间相关性分析。结果显示,肌内脂肪含量(2.35±0.63)%,与大理石纹、宰后45min p H呈显著或极显著正相关,与水分含量呈极显著负相关(P0.01),但是与3点平均背膘厚、板油重、皮厚无显著相关性。试验还发现,大理石纹与肉色呈现显著正相关(P0.05)。试验结果可为快速、简便测定肉质性状提供依据。 相似文献
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《养猪》2017,(5)
为比较持续选育4个世代后的大约克、杜洛克和巴克夏猪肉质及肉成分之间的差异,在3个品种肥育试验结束后,每个品种分别选择4头猪进行肉质和肉成分测定。结果表明,巴克夏猪大理石纹等级评分显著高于杜洛克猪(P0.05)。宰后24 h,巴克夏猪背最长肌pH极显著高于其他两个品种(P0.01);杜洛克猪a~*值极显著高于巴克夏(P0.01),显著高于大约克(P0.05);而巴克夏猪的b~*值极显著低于其他两个品种(P0.01)。杜洛克猪的失水率极显著低于大约克猪(P0.01);巴克夏猪熟肉率最高,分别比大约克猪、杜洛克猪高3.80(P0.05)和4.53(P0.01)个百分点。背最长肌总氨基酸、风味氨基酸和必需氨基酸,3个品种间差异不显著(P0.05)。杜洛克猪饱和脂肪酸含量显著高于其他两个品种(P0.05),而多不饱和脂肪酸低于其他两个品种(P0.05)。杜洛克猪背最长肌镁、锌含量均最高,其中镁含量比大约克和巴克夏分别高10.25 mg/kg(P0.05)和40.75 mg/kg(P0.01),锌含量比大约克和巴克夏分别高0.97 mg/kg(P0.05)和1.97 mg/kg(P0.05)。 相似文献
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《养猪》2015,(5)
文章比较研究了杂种黑猪(长白山野猪×莱芜猪×杜洛克猪)和外三元杂种猪(杜洛克猪×长白猪×大约克猪)的肉质性状,测定了肉色、大理石纹、p H24、嫩度、保水性(失水率、汁液损失、贮藏损失、蒸煮损失和熟肉率)、肌纤维直径、肌内脂肪含量、肌苷酸含量、游离氨基酸含量、脂肪酸(棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸)含量和挥发性物质成分等指标。结果表明,杂种黑猪肉的L*值、a*值、熟肉率、游离氨基酸含量和油酸含量显著高于外三元杂种猪肉(P0.05);外三元杂种猪肉的失水率、汁液损失显著高于杂种黑猪肉(P0.05);杂种黑猪肉的p H24极显著高于外三元杂种猪肉(P0.01);杂种黑猪肉的亚油酸含量极显著低于外三元杂种猪肉(P0.01);大理石纹、嫩度、贮藏损失、肌纤维直径、肌内脂肪含量、肌苷酸含量、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、亚麻酸和挥发性物质成分等指标,二者无明显差异(P0.05)。因此,杂种黑猪的肉质优于外三元杂种猪,可满足人们对高品质猪肉的需求。 相似文献
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为了研究荣昌猪和长荣猪胴体瘦肉率和骨骼肌肌肉生长抑制素(MSTN)基因表达量的变化规律,试验采用2×2因子试验设计,荣昌猪和长荣猪(两种基因型猪)分别饲喂按中国瘦肉型猪饲养标准和荣昌猪饲养标准配制的日粮,共4个处理,每个处理6个重复,在20 kg、35 kg、50 kg、80 kg和110 kg时每个重复屠宰1头。结果表明:荣昌猪和长荣猪的瘦肉率随体重的增加呈降低的趋势,背最长肌中MSTN基因的表达量呈上升的趋势;在相同体重条件下,荣昌猪的胴体瘦肉率显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)地低于长荣猪,其背最长肌中MSTN基因表达均明显高于长荣猪,而日粮营养水平及品种×营养水平交互作用对猪胴体品质和MSTN基因的表达量没有明显影响(P>0.05)。 相似文献
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试验选择(杜×长×大)三元杂交猪,采用PCR-RFLP方法,研究抑肌素(MSTN)基因的多态性及其与能量水平的互作效应对猪肉质性状的影响。结果表明:MSTN基因在该群体中存在AA、AG和GG 3种基因型,不同基因型对肌内脂肪含量的影响显著(P0.05),AA基因型显著高于GG基因型(P0.05);不同能量水平对肌内脂肪含量的影响极显著(P0.01),对大理石花纹评分的影响显著(P0.05),高能量对应肌内脂肪含量和大理石花纹评分高;基因型与能量水平的互作效应对肌内脂肪含量和大理石花纹评分均具有显著影响(P0.05),AA×高能量水平对应肉质最好。 相似文献
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不同品种猪肉质差异比较 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
挑选20 kg左右的汉普夏猪和长撒阉公猪各10头,在相同日粮和相同环境条件下饲喂,当体重分别达到100 kg时屠宰,并现场分割胴体,测胴体品质和肉质性状以及化学组成,以比较不同品种猪肉质差异。结果表明:汉普夏猪瘦肉率和眼肌面积均极显著高于长撒猪(P<0.01),滴水损失和失水率显著高于长撒猪(P<0.05),而背膘厚、熟肉率、b值和粗蛋白(CP)极显著低于长撒猪(P<0.01),猪肉干物质(DM)、剪切力和pH2值显著低于长撒猪(P<0.05)。结果说明汉普夏猪和长撒猪肉质差异显著。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献