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1.
本研究采用纸片扩散法，检测从平邑7家生猪养殖场分离的21株大肠杆菌对庆大霉素、恩诺沙星、阿莫西林、氟苯尼考、多四环素、黏菌素6种抗生素的敏感性。结果显示，平邑7家生猪养殖场的21株猪源大肠杆菌对恩诺沙星的耐药率为14%，敏感率为57%；对庆大霉素的耐药率为14%，敏感率约为72%；对阿莫西林的耐药率为100%；对氟苯尼考的耐药率为71%，敏感率为0；对多四环素的耐药率为43%，敏感率为29%；对黏菌素的敏感率100%。不同生猪养殖场猪源大肠杆菌耐药性不同，个别养殖场猪源大肠杆菌耐药性很高，出现了多重耐药性（对5种抗生素耐药）。建议该养殖场根据药敏结果，采用精准用药和轮换用药方式来防治猪源型大肠杆菌疾病，避免抗生素乱用，进一步推进兽用抗菌药减量化使用和兽用抗菌药综合治理。 相似文献
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《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2014,(17)
为了了解银川地区规模化养殖场大肠杆菌的耐药情况,试验采用药敏纸片法测定了160株大肠杆菌对11种抗菌药物的耐药情况。结果表明:鸡源和牛源大肠杆菌对美罗培南的敏感率均为100%;有69株鸡源大肠杆菌对庆大霉素、阿莫西林/克拉维酸、氯霉素及环丙沙星的敏感性比较高,而对头孢唑啉、多西环素和复方新诺明的耐药率较高,耐药率最高的是氨苄西林和萘啶酸,达到了70.00%以上。91株牛源大肠杆菌对11种抗菌药的敏感性都比较高,除氨苄西林外,其他药物的敏感率均在70.00%以上。所有分离菌株最多对10种药物耐药,鸡源大肠杆菌中4耐菌株最多,占21.71%,而牛源大肠杆菌中有54株菌对所有抗菌药物都敏感。 相似文献
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有机农场鸡、猪源大肠杆菌耐药性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解有机养殖模式下鸡、猪源大肠杆菌的耐药情况,2014年从广东从化某有机农场鸡、猪粪便中采集并分离出118株大肠杆菌,包括55株鸡源大肠杆菌和63株猪源大肠杆菌,采用琼脂稀释法测定大肠杆菌对18种抗菌药的敏感性。结果发现,同一有机农场中,鸡源大肠杆菌与猪源大肠杆菌在耐药种类及耐药率上均呈现相似规律,对头孢他啶、头孢喹肟、头孢噻肟、头孢西丁、阿米卡星、安普霉素、庆大霉素、新霉素、氟苯尼考、氯霉素、亚胺培南、环丙沙星、喹乙醇等较敏感(鸡0~21.8%,猪0~14.3%),对氨苄西林、链霉素呈现轻度耐药(鸡29.1%~38.2%,猪23.8%~27.0%),对复方新诺明、四环素、多西环素呈现较严重耐药(鸡45.5%、76.4%和72.7%,猪50.8%、81.0%和68.3%)。鸡源大肠杆菌中3耐及3耐以上的菌株占56.4%,猪源大肠杆菌占47.6%。结果表明有机养殖模式下鸡、猪源大肠杆菌耐药率相对较低,多重耐药现象存在但相对轻微,对个别临床常用抗菌药耐药率虽较严重但比常规养殖场低。由于目前国内大部分学者致力于研究常规养殖方式下细菌耐药情况,本研究很好地填补了有机养殖模式下畜禽大肠杆菌耐药性研究的空白。 相似文献
4.
本试验旨在了解屠宰前鸡、猪源食品动物体内大肠杆菌耐药情况,分析潜在的食品安全问题。从广州市畜禽交易市场随机采集待屠宰鸡和猪的粪便样品,分离鉴定大肠杆菌,并采用琼脂稀释法检测大肠杆菌对15种抗菌药物的敏感性。结果显示,从658份猪源样品和133份鸡源样品中共分离鉴定出731株大肠杆菌,其中猪源606株,鸡源125株。药敏试验结果显示,731株大肠杆菌均表现出不同程度的耐药,耐药谱广且多重耐药现象严重。对复方新诺明和四环素的耐药率为90.0%以上,仅对头孢西丁、黏菌素和阿米卡星较敏感(耐药率均低于3%)。鸡源大肠杆菌对头孢噻肟、头孢曲松、新霉素、阿米卡星、萘啶酸和环丙沙星的耐药率显著高于猪源大肠杆菌(P＜0.05)。鸡源大肠杆菌中3耐及3耐以上的菌株占97.60%,猪源大肠杆菌占94.72%。结果表明,屠宰前畜禽体内大肠杆菌对临床常用抗菌药物的耐药性非常严重,以多重耐药为主,且耐药谱丰富多样。提示屠宰前畜禽携带的耐药菌对食品安全和人类健康存在较大的安全隐患。 相似文献
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为了分析青岛地区鸡源和鸭源多黏菌素耐药大肠杆菌的流行特征,并为多黏菌素的临床应用提供参考依据,本试验于山东省青岛市屠宰场采集鸡源和鸭源粪便样本,通过多黏菌素培养基分离大肠杆菌;分别采用琼脂稀释法、PCR、接合试验和全基因组测序,分析菌株的药物敏感性、耐药基因和毒力因子流行特征、系统发育群、mcr-1基因可转移性和遗传环境。结果显示,本试验从133份粪便样本中共分离获得26株多黏菌素耐药大肠杆菌,总分离率为19.55%(26/133),其中鸭源菌株分离率(24.24%,16/66)高于鸡源菌株(14.93%,10/67)。药物敏感性分析结果显示,所有菌株对替加环素和美罗培南全部敏感,对其余测试药物耐药率较高(42.31%～100%),所有分离菌株均存在多重耐药现象,鸡源菌株多重耐药较为分散,而鸭源菌株多重耐药集中于6和9重。26株分离菌株均携带黏菌素耐药基因mcr-1;其余耐药基因携带率介于7.69%～96.15%,tet(B)基因仅在鸡源菌株中携带(20.00%),qnrS基因在鸡源菌株中携带率(30.00%)显著低于鸭源(100%)。毒力因子检测发现,tarT、aer、pap和neu... 相似文献
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为了解豫北地区规模化养殖场猪源大肠杆菌的耐药性及基因多态性,对分离的21株猪源大肠杆菌进行药物敏感实验,采用PCR技术对其耐药基因进行检测,RAPD技术进行基因多态性分析。结果表明:豫北地区规模化养殖场分离的猪源性大肠杆菌菌株对常见16种抗生素存在不同情况的耐药性。其中对四环素、红霉素、麦迪霉素、阿莫西林、磺胺异恶唑、环丙沙星、新生霉素、复方新诺明、恩诺沙星、甲氧苄啶的耐药率均为100%,对庆大霉素、洛美沙星的耐药率为85%以上,对其他药物的耐药率相对较低;PCR检测得到8种耐药基因的条带;对菌株进行RAPD分析得到7种不同的基因型。大肠杆菌极易产生耐药性,耐药基因广泛存在于耐药菌株中,但耐药表型与耐药基因之间无绝对相关性。豫北地区猪源大肠杆菌感染多重耐药十分严重,严重影响了该地区猪源大肠杆菌病的诊治和预防。 相似文献
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《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2017,(12)
为了解银川地区规模化养殖场肠球菌的耐药情况,试验采用药敏纸片法测定了216株肠球菌对12种抗菌药物的耐药率。结果表明:72株牛源肠球菌对青霉素的耐药率最高,为44.44%;其次对氨苄西林、红霉素、庆大霉素和利福平耐药率较高,均在22%以上;对万古霉素和利奈唑胺的敏感率最高,均为100%。72株鸡源肠球菌对红霉素、链霉素、多西环素的耐药率较高,均在50%以上;对氨苄西林、氯霉素、利奈唑胺的敏感率较高,均在80%以上。72株猪源肠球菌对链霉素耐药率最高,为90.28%;其次对红霉素和多西环素耐药率较高,均在75%左右;对万古霉素和利奈唑胺的敏感率较高,均在80%以上。牛源肠球菌不耐药、一耐、二耐菌株数量明显高于猪源和鸡源的菌株数;鸡源肠球菌三耐、四耐的菌株数量明显高于猪源和鸡源的菌株数;猪源肠球菌五耐和六耐的菌株数量明显高于牛源和鸡源的菌株数。其中猪源肠球菌多重耐药情况比较严重,有一株菌株已经耐12种药物。 相似文献
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AIM: To determine the resistance to antibiotics among the indictor bacteria, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp, isolated from the faeces of healthy pigs on three conventional pig farms and one organic farm in the North Island of New Zealand. METHODS: Faecal samples, collected at intervals between March and October 2001, were plated onto MacConkey agar and Slanetz-Bartley agar and examined after 1-3 days incubation for colonies resembling E. coli and Enterococcus spp, respectively. Typical colonies were subcultured for further identification and storage. The isolates were tested for antibiotic resistance, using disc diffusion, to ampicillin, gentamicin, streptomycin, and tetracycline. Escherichia coli isolates were also tested for resistance to ciprofloxacin, cotrimoxazole and neomycin. Enterococcus spp isolates were also tested for resistance to vancomycin, erythromycin and virginiamycin. RESULTS: A total of 296 E. coli and 273 Enterococcus spp isolates were obtained from the three conventional farms, and 79 E. coli and 80 Enterococcus spp isolates were obtained from the organic farm. All the E. coli isolates from both the conventional and organic pig farms were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, and all the Enterococcus spp isolates were susceptible to ampicillin, gentamicin and vancomycin. Isolates of E. coli from conventional pig farms were resistant to gentamicin (0.7%), neomycin (0.7%), ampicillin (2.7%), cotrimoxazole (11%), streptomycin (25%) and tetracycline (60%). Enterococcus spp isolates from the same farms were resistant to erythromycin (68%), tetracycline (66%), streptomycin (54%) and virginiamycin (49%). By contrast, for the organic pig farm 相似文献
12.
Campylobacter coli is a food-borne zoonotic pathogen causing human gastroenteritis worldwide. The organism is a commensal in the intestine of many food production animals including fattening pigs. The role of the pig as a potential reservoir for C. coli affecting human either directly or via poultry has hardly been investigated and genetic characterization of porcine strains is needed to address this question. For this aim multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and flaB typing was applied to 256 C. coli isolates from faeces of fattening pig collected during 2009 at different slaughterhouses in Switzerland. In addition genotypic resistances towards macrolides and quinolones based on point mutations in the 23S rRNA and gyrA genes, respectively, were determined. Of the 67 sequence types (STs) obtained by MLST, 37 were found for the first time. flaB typing revealed 46 different types with 14 of them being novel and was useful to further differentiate strains with an identical ST. Quinolone resistance was detected in 33.6% and macrolide resistance was found in 10.6% of isolates. Comparison with 99 C. coli pig isolates from 2001 revealed a significant decrease in antibiotic resistance towards both groups of antibiotics and there was high overlap between genotypes of 2001 and 2009. Little overlap of porcine genotypes was found with 97 C. coli isolates from poultry collected 2008, however, macrolide resistance was significantly higher in pig isolates. In conclusion, C. coli from Swiss pig are heterogeneous containing many novel STs, findings that could reflect the partitioned Swiss pig production with almost no international breed exchange. The antibiotic resistance echoes the use of corresponding drugs in the Swiss livestock production and indicates the efficacy of restrictive application of antibiotics in order to reduce resistances. 相似文献
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新疆不同地区牛源大肠杆菌耐药性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This study was aimed to investigate the resistance of Escherichia coli isolates from cattle farms in Xinjiang to antibiotics. The resistances of Escherichia coli isolates from cattle farms in five regions to commonly used antibiotic were determined using microdilution broth assay. Escherichia coli isolates were highly resistant to ampicillin (up to 39.3%) in all regions, and existed multidrug-resistant, but zero resistance was the dominant. Escherichia coli isolates from E cattle farm in Cherqi town, Baicheng county, exhibited resistant to three kinds of quinolones (6.7%). The results suggested that the resistances of Escherichia coli isolates to commonly used antibiotics were not serious in Xinjiang. 相似文献
14.
规模化猪场大肠杆菌的耐药性监测及血清流行病学调查 总被引：40，自引：0，他引：40
为了调查猪致病性大肠杆菌的耐药性及流行血清型 ,从湖北、河南、江西、安徽、浙江等省的 33个猪场采集 32 1份仔猪黄、白痢病料进行细菌的分离和生化鉴定 ,结果分离到大肠杆菌 30 2株 ,其中致病性大肠杆菌 2 76株。对 112株致病性大肠杆菌进行了 15种抗生素敏感性试验 ,发现分离菌株对 15种药物均有不同程度的耐药性 :青霉素 G对其完全没有抑制作用 ;先锋霉素 抑制作用最强 (97.3% ) ,其次为呋喃妥因 (78.6 % )、痢特灵 (71.4 % )、环丙沙星(6 8.8% )、诺氟沙星 (6 5 .1% )。 112株菌中 ,有 4 7种耐药谱型 ,多数为 6耐以上的菌株 (80株 ) ,占供试菌株的 71.4 %。应用微量平板凝集试验 ,对分离的 2 76株致病菌进行了血清型鉴定 ,鉴定共有 72种血清型 ,其中优势血清型 10种 ,占能定型分离致病菌株的 5 3.7%。 相似文献
15.
河南省部分地区猪群大肠杆菌分离菌的耐药性比较分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为掌握河南省猪源大肠杆菌的耐药情况,于2013年至2018年对河南省郑州、开封、焦作、许昌四个地区部分规模化养猪场分离出的856株大肠杆菌,采用CLSI推荐的微量肉汤稀释法,调查其对8类13种代表性抗菌药物的耐药性。结果表明,856株大肠杆菌对氧氟沙星、黏菌素、庆大霉素、头孢噻呋和阿莫西林/棒酸等5种药物的耐药率在35.0%以下,分别为32.2%、31.1%、25.5%、15.5%和30.0%;对恩诺沙星、四环素、多西环素、大观霉素、氟苯尼考、磺胺异恶唑、复方新诺明和氨苄西林等8种药物的耐药率范围为45.0%～95.0%,其中对四环素、多西环素和磺胺异恶唑等3种药物的耐药率高达90.0%以上;多重耐药集中于耐5、6和7类抗生素,耐3类及以上药物的菌株占90.0%。本研究结果表明河南省部分养殖场猪源大肠杆菌耐药形势严峻,应加强对其监测和控制。 相似文献
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Drug resistance in strains of Escherichia coli isolated from the intestinal tract of pigs in Norway.
E Liven 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1979,20(2):258-269
Faecal samples from 95 healthy pigs and samples of jejunal content from 85 piglets suffering from colienterotoxaemia were tested for the presence of drug resistant E. coli strains. Practically all pigs in both groups harboured E. coli strains resistant to one or more of the 6 antibiotics/chemotherapeutic agents tested (Oxytetracycline, streptomycin, sulphaisodimidin, neomycin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol). Almost 100% of healthy and approx. 90% of diseased pigs harboured strains resistant to Oxytetracycline, streptomycin and sulphaisodimidin. Pigs with strains resistant to neomycin, ampicillin and chloramphenicol were less frequently found. The predominant coliform flora consisted of E. coli strains” resistant to Oxytetracycline, streptomycin and sulphaisodimidin in 71% to 81% of diseased pigs and in 47% to 69% of the healthy pigs. In diseased pigs ¾ of the animals had a coliform flora dominated by neomycinresistant E. coli strains.Of the 721 resistant E. coli strains isolated from healthy pigs, 11% were single resistant while the corresponding figure for the 518 resistant strains isolated from diseased pigs was 6%. Thus 89% and 94% of strains showed simultaneous resistance to 2 or more antibiotics. E. coli strains resistant to 3 or more drugs were found in approx. 60% and 70% of the isolates from healthy and diseased animals, respectively. Oxytetracycline/streptomycin/sulphaisodimidin resistance was most commonly found, approx. 22% and 38% of the strains from healthy and diseased pigs, respectively, showing this resistance pattern.Transmission of drug resistance which was examined in E. coli strains originating from the diseased pigs was demonstrated in approx. 76% of the isolates. The incidence of drug resistance transfer in single, double, triple and quadruple resistant strains was 11%, 68%, 97% and 98%, respectively. 相似文献
17.
Gibbs PS Kasa R Newbrey JL Petermann SR Wooley RE Vinson HM Reed W 《Avian diseases》2007,51(3):649-655
Public pressure to reduce or eliminate antimicrobials as ingredients of feed for poultry and other agricultural animals is mounting, primarily due to the fear of multidrug-resistant bacteria in clinical infections in both animals and humans. Exploration of the occurrence of antibiotic resistance in the gut flora of wildlife avian flocks that presumptively do not receive antimicrobials will determine the rate of resistance in a na?ve population. Fecal samples collected from a healthy population of the yellow-headed blackbirds (YHB) (Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus) in North Dakota were cultured to determine what genera and species of gram-negative facultative anaerobic bacteria these wild birds carry in their intestinal flora and to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles. Isolates of Escherichia coli were further characterized for the presence of putative virulence factors and for pathogenic potential using the chicken embryo lethality assay (ELA). The ELA was performed in chicken embryos with challenges at both 12 days and 16 days of incubation to determine whether the 16-day-old embryos were better able to fight the infection and subsequent disease and also to determine whether the ELA could distinguish between primary and secondary avian Escherichia coli pathogens. After screening 33 isolates from the 21 fecal samples, only two E. coli isolates were identified. The predominant genus and species of bacterium identified was Pantoea agglomerans. Collectively, 12 of the 33 isolates (36%) exhibited no resistance to any antimicrobial tested. However, several multidrug-resistant isolates of varying genera were identified. Among the antimicrobial resistances observed, the most common was to ampicillin (60%), followed by cephalothin (33%). Neither E. coli isolate belonged to serogroups that are notorious for causing major outbreaks of colibacillosis in poultry, and only one E. coli isolate retained resistance to any antibiotics; nevertheless, the ELA results indicate that at least one of these E. coli may be a primary pathogen of chickens. This study demonstrates that antibiotic resistance occurs in the gut flora of natural populations of YHB despite the absence of antibiotic pressure. In addition, these results indicate that YHB will harbor E. coli isolates that are potentially pathogenic in poultry. However, these E. coli isolates are not a significant reservoir for multiple antibiotic resistances nor are they widespread in the population of YHB surveyed in North Dakota. 相似文献
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为了解种鹅致病性大肠杆菌病的病原及其药物敏感性,2012年从广东地区患病种鹅器官和粪便中分离鉴定了62株大肠杆菌,采用琼脂稀释法测定了大肠杆菌对17种抗菌药物的敏感性。结果发现大肠杆菌耐药性严重,对大部分药物的耐药率超过60.0%,仅对头孢西丁、头孢他啶和黏菌素较敏感。联合药敏试验结果显示多西环素和氟苯尼考联用对耐药大肠杆菌产生协同抑菌作用,FIC指数为0.375～0.75。采用脉冲场凝胶电泳（PFGE）法对24株大肠杆菌进行分型,结果分为17种不同的PFGE型别。大肠杆菌系统进化分群结果显示43.5%属于系统进化组群的D组,其次是A组和B1组,分别为34.8%和21.7%,B2组未检测到。通过对种鹅大肠杆菌耐药性、PFGE分型及其系统发育群进行综合分析,为临床用药提供了参考依据。 相似文献
19.
Use of epidemiologic markers to identify the source of Escherichia coli infections in poultry 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
During an epidemiologic study of poultry colisepticemia on 2 Saudi Arabian poultry broiler farms, Escherichia coli was isolated from 101 (40.4%) of the 250 specimens examined. The antigenic structure and the drug resistance pattern of 65.4% of the E coli isolates from different sources were used as epidemiologic markers to trace the source of the infection. The predominant E coli serotypes involved in infections of 2 poultry broiler progeny farms were 033:H4 (51.8%) and 078:H- (19.6%) that had the following respective drug resistance patterns: furazolidone-streptomycin-sulfathiazole and streptomycin-sulfathiazole-tetracycline. Escherichia coli strains with typical epidemiologic markers were isolated from various sources on a broiler breeding farm, but not from well waters of the infected progeny farm. Three other E coli serotypes (045:H10[14.3%], 0119:H27[1.8%], and 0145:H25[1.8%]) were involved in poultry infection, but to a lesser extent. These 3 serotypes were multiply resistant against 5 to 6 of the antimicrobials evaluated. 相似文献