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1.
超低温冷冻对西伯利亚鲟精子形态结构损伤的观察 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为改进西伯利亚鲟精子超低温冷冻保存技术,探讨精子损伤机制,应用扫描和透射电子显微镜,观察了西伯利亚鲟鲜精与冷冻后精子的形态结构.结果显示,经过冷冻保存后精子的形态发生了很大变化.精子顶体长、精子头中部宽、头中部宽与前部宽比值及中段宽与鲜精相比显著增加(P<0.05);中段长度、后外侧延伸物长度比鲜精显著变短(P<0.05).精子经过冷冻后有30.5%的精子在形态、结构上受到不同程度损伤,受损精子显微结构表现为顶体后外侧延伸物与核糅合,顶体内容物丢失;核膜囊泡化、核膜断裂,核内出现空泡;线粒体内嵴弥散,线粒体脱落;鞭毛外膜松弛与鞭毛脱离等.部分受损伤精子出现顶体丢失,中段脱落,鞭毛自中段基部断裂的现象.精子损伤主要集中在膜系统,中心粒等微管系统基本完好. 相似文献
2.
《海洋渔业》2017,(6)
选取6 ind健康的雄性俄罗斯鲟(Acipenser gueldenstaedti),经人工催产后获得成熟的精子,运用扫描电镜和透射电镜,观察了超低温冷冻前后精子的形态结构。结果显示,经过超低温冷冻后精子形态结构发生了较大变化,其中冻精顶体长度、头中部宽度及中段宽度与鲜精相比显著增加(P0.05);中段长度及后外侧延伸物与鲜精相比显著减少(P0.05)。冻后有38.6%的精子在形态结构上受到不同程度的损伤。精子的结构损伤主要表现在精子顶体不明显或与核发生糅合,后外侧延伸物消失,甚至顶体脱落;精子核膜皱褶,泡状化,膜与核之间空隙加大,有的部分甚至出现膜断裂,核内内切沟模糊;精子中段发生膨大和变形,线粒体外膜破损,线粒体条状嵴结构弥散,线粒体脱落;鞭毛外鳍褶与鞭毛脱离,鞭毛与中段脱离,少数鞭毛在中段断开。结果表明,超低温冷冻对精子的损伤主要集中在膜系统,中心粒等微管系统基本完好。 相似文献
3.
分别以扫描电镜和透射电镜方法研究了条斑星鲽精子的超微结构。条斑星鲽精子全长45.57±3.23μm,主要包括三部分:头部、中段和鞭毛。头部呈圆形,主要结构为近圆形的细胞核;中段不发达,主要包括线粒体和中心粒复合体两部分,具有多个未分化的圆形小线粒体;鞭毛细长,结构为典型的"9+2"型双联微管结构,无侧鳍。这些特征表明,条斑星鲽的精子属于简单的原始类型。条斑星鲽精子不具顶体,但具有开口于核前端稍偏处呈不规则状的核前部凹陷及核内核泡结构,核前凹陷与染色质区无界膜分隔,部分精子在凹陷前端存在由核膜构成的凸起。凹陷区的前部及其开口处常有多个小的具单层界膜的囊泡,这些结构可能是顶体的遗迹,但也不排除其是向外释放核内物质的一种途径的可能性。 相似文献
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应用扫描电镜和透射电镜观察了金乌贼精子的超微结构。结果表明,精子全长为191.84μm(n=10),由头部和尾部组成。其中,头部主要由顶体和细胞核组成,尾部分为中段、主段和末段3个部分。头部顶体为呈倒U字形的囊状体,亚顶体腔呈∩形。细胞核细长,呈圆柱状,稍弯曲,为高电子密度的均质结构。核后窝偏离细胞核中心位置。尾部中段较长,由线粒体距及其不完全包围的鞭毛组成。线粒体距分为上段和下段,上段含较多线粒体,下段无线粒体。尾部鞭毛主段细长,由9+2结构的轴丝及外围9束粗纤维组成,构成典型的9+9+2结构。 相似文献
6.
采用扫描电镜和透射电镜观察了云斑尖塘鳢(Oxyeleotris marmoratus)的精子结构。结果显示:扫描电镜下云斑尖塘鳢精子由头部和尾部(鞭毛)组成。头部近似圆形,直径1.98～2.12μm,尾部鞭毛长23.22～32.92μm。透射电镜下云斑尖塘鳢精子由头部、中段和尾部三部分组成。头部细胞核呈扁卵圆形,前端不具顶体,染色质致密,细胞核内偶见小空隙;核膜与质膜间有间隙,其间分布有细胞质、囊泡、溶酶体,在细胞核后端,还分布有5～7个呈环形单层排列的线粒体;植入窝较浅,中段不明显,包括中心粒复合体和袖套;精子尾部的鞭毛细长,轴丝为典型的"9+2"型结构;轴丝外侧具有较发达的侧鳍。 相似文献
7.
利用扫描电镜和透射电镜分别观察了近江蛏和缢蛏成熟精子的超微形态结构。发现近江蛏精子与缢蛏精子在超微形态结构上差异很大。近江蛏精子为典型的原生型,成熟精子由头部、中段和尾部组成,头部包括顶体和细胞核。近江蛏精子与缢蛏精子顶体均为保龄球状,但近江蛏精子顶体全长比缢蛏短。近江蛏精子细胞核略扁圆形,外缘具8～9个圆弧形凸起;缢蛏精子细胞核则呈圆球状。近江蛏精子中段由线粒体和中心粒复合体构成,线粒体一般5个,个别4～6个;缢蛏线粒体5个或6个。近江蛏精子尾部为细长的鞭毛,轴丝为“9 2”结构,与缢蛏的相同。从近江蛏与缢蛏的精子形态差异看,两者应属于种间差异。 相似文献
8.
利用光学显微镜和透射显微镜对大泷六线鱼精子的超微结构进行了观察。结果表明,大泷六线鱼的精子由头部、中段和尾部组成。精子头部呈钝顶锥形,直径为1.28~1.49μm,前端无顶体,主要由细胞核占据,核中是致密的染色质,头部后端有一植入窝,内有中心粒复合体;中段与头部相连,主要由中心粒复合体、袖套和线粒体等构成,袖套结构位于头部的后端,与细胞核后端相连,袖套结构中分布有1~2个线粒体及囊泡等;尾部细长,长度为10.2~16.1μm,主要结构为鞭毛,由轴丝构成,鞭毛的起始端与基体的末端相连,从袖套腔中伸出,轴丝具有典型的"9+2"型双联微管结构,外侧有侧鳍。精子细胞膜不光滑,有小的褶皱。 相似文献
9.
史氏鲟精子超微结构 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
利用扫描和透射电镜观察了史氏鲟精子形态和超微结构。精子具有顶体、头部、中段和单鞭毛等部分。顶体长0.99±0.06μm,宽0.87±0.09μm。细胞核从后往前逐渐变细,前端宽度为0.88±0.04μm,后端宽度为1.26±0.06μm,细胞核长7.29±0.32μm。核内含有3条核管(E),核管上行至顶体下行至植入窝而止。中段紧接头后部,长为0.51±0.12μm,宽0.91±0.05μm。中段含有线粒体、中心粒复合体和鞭毛的起始部分。线粒体分2~3层排列,线粒体中可见髓样嵴结构。在细胞核与中段接合部细胞核向内凹陷形成植入窝,纤维体位于植入窝内,其后是中心粒复合体。中段后缘延长为袖套,袖套腔中含有线粒体、脂质空泡。鞭毛从袖套中伸出,由轴丝组成,为典型的"9+2"微管结构。 相似文献
10.
褐牙鲆精子超微结构观察 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
利用扫描电镜和透射电镜对自然成熟的褐牙鲆精子超微结构进行了观察。褐牙鲆精子的头部近似圆形,直径1.49±0.17μm,尾部鞭毛较长,达40.17±0.65μm。褐牙鲆精子由头部、中段和尾部(鞭毛)构成。头部的顶端无顶体,细胞核为圆形,染色质致密。核膜分由内核膜和外核膜构成,其间有核周腔。核膜与质膜间有较大间隙,其间分布有许多细胞质、囊泡和溶酶体,在细胞核后端,核膜与质膜之间除细胞质外,还分布有5~6个呈环形单层排列的线粒体。植入窝位于细胞核后端的凹陷处,中心粒复合体位于植入窝内。基体的头端由电子致密物质构成,基体的末端与鞭毛起始端相连,鞭毛从袖套腔中伸出。鞭毛中心结构是轴丝,轴丝为"9+2"微管结构。轴丝外侧有侧鳍。 相似文献
11.
刺参精子发生的超微结构研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用透射电镜观察刺参的精子发生过程,揭示其从精原细胞到精子的一系列超微结构变化。根据顶体发育的特点,将刺参精细胞发育分为精原细胞、精母细胞、精细胞等3个发育时期。精原细胞体积最大,有明显核仁,出现前顶体颗粒。初级精母细胞略小,染色质开始凝集,次级精母细胞开始出现尾部。精细胞时期顶体颗粒形成,线粒体明显的融合成一巨型线粒体。透射电镜和扫描电镜观察精子结构,成熟精子为原生型,由头部、中部、尾部组成。头部圆形,直径约3μm,围绕头的中部有一环形凹陷沟,尾部长约50~60μm。核染色质凝集成团块状,中部不发达,线粒体融合成1个环绕中部。尾部鞭毛横切面为简单的“9 2”型结构。 相似文献
12.
采用电镜对长江口纹缟虾虎鱼成熟精子、卵子及受精早期精子入卵过程进行了观察。结果显示:纹缟虾虎鱼成熟精子由头部和尾部两部分组成。头部呈圆形或近圆形,无顶体,细胞核长径为1.15±0.28μm,短径为0.97±0.22μm,尾部鞭毛长为8.17±1.12μm。核膜外具有双层质膜,质膜表面不平整,在核膜和双层质膜中间有较大空隙存在。中心粒复合体位于植入窝内。袖套两侧分布有2～3个较大的线粒体。鞭毛为典型的"9+2"结构,有侧鳍。成熟卵呈圆形,卵膜表面多沟和嵴,具单一受精孔,孔洞区外径约5μm,孔内壁呈螺旋嵴。在卵的植物极有一盘状突起,突起的中间为圆形,周边有呈网状结构的粘丝与卵壳膜连接。纹缟虾虎鱼精子入卵速度较快,受精过程较短,受精后10～18 s完成精子入卵过程。 相似文献
13.
Ming Yu Shao Zhi Feng Zhang Li Yu Jing Jie Hu Kyoung Ho Kang 《Aquaculture Research》2006,37(14):1450-1457
A simple and convenient method for the cryopreservation of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka) sperm was tested in the present study. The highest motility (76.7±2.9%) of post‐thawing sperm was obtained in 15% dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) with a 1:9 dilution (semen volume to DMSO volume) when 0.5 mL semen–DMSO mixture was frozen at 6 cm above liquid N2 in a closed styrofoam box. After thawing, sperm cryopreserved in glycerol almost lost motility entirely. Although there was no significant difference in percentage of motile sperm between 15% and 20% DMSO, the duration of sperm motility of 15% DMSO group was longer than that of 20% DMSO group. The motility of post‐thawing sperm enhanced when the dilution ratio of semen increased from 1:1 to 1:9. Morphological changes such as the loss of mitochondria, swollen plasma membrane and broken or rolled‐up tails were observed in post‐thawing sperm using an eosin–nigrosin staining. The fertility of cryopreserved sperm was significantly lower than that of unfrozen sperm. The 10‐fold increase in sperm to egg ratio resulted in double fertility for cryopreserved sperm, and about 70% fertility relative to the control. 相似文献
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Psenicka M Rodina M Flajshans M Kaspar V Linhart O 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2009,35(4):591-597
Spermatozoa of common carp Cyprinus carpio are typically consist of a primitive head without acrosome, a midpiece with several mitochondria, a centriolar complex (proximal
and distal centriole), and one flagellum. During an evaluation of the motility of common carp spermatozoa, we found spermatozoa
with more than one flagellum and/or “double head” in three different individuals. This may be related to abnormal spermatogenesis.
Ultrastructure and physiological parameters of spermatozoa were examined using light microscopy (dark field with stroboscopic
illumination), transmission and scanning electron microscopy, and flow cytometry. The recorded pictures and videos were evaluated
using Olympus MicroImage software. All spermatozoa with more than one flagellum had a larger head and shorter flagella. They
occasionally demonstrated several cytoplasmic channels separating the flagella from the midpiece. Each flagellum was based
upon its own centriolar complex, with the connection of the flagellum to the head always at a constant angle. The flagella
always consisted of nine peripheral pairs and one central doublet of microtubules. Sperm exhibited a relative DNA content
similar to that found in sperm from normal males, with higher coefficients of variation. Although similar abnormalities have
been found in livestock, where they were described as a defect in spermiogenesis, no comparable results have been reported
in fish. The frequency at which these abnormalities occurs, the fertilization ability of males with defects in spermiogenesis,
the influence of these abnormalities on progeny in terms of ploidy level, and the occurrence of deformities warrant further
investigation. 相似文献
16.
Teruyoshi Narita Takayuki Kawamoto Kiyoshi Isowa Hideo Aoki Masahiro Hayashi Hiromi Ohta Akira Komaru 《Fisheries Science》2008,74(5):1069-1074
To clarify factors reducing the motility and fertility of cryopreserved spermatozoa of the Japanese pearl oyster Pinctada fucata martensii, the structure of spermatozoa before and after cryopreservation was observed by scanning electron microscopy. Testicular
spermatozoa were diluted with cryopreservation diluent (10% methanol+18% fetal bovine serum+72% sea water), and dispensed
into 0.25-mL straws. The straws were cooled at a rate of approximately −20 °C/min to −50°C, and subsequently immersed in liquid
nitrogen. Percentage motility of spermatozoa before cryopreservation was 69.9±4.2%, and that of cryopreserved spermatozoa
was 24.0±1.8%, respectively. In cryopreserved spermatozoa, the percentage that lacked or had a deformed flagellum was 56.6±3.9%,
while in fresh spermatozoa this was 8.7±2.0%. In cryopreserved spermatozoa, the percentage of deformed acrosomes was 76.6±5.2%,
while in fresh spermatozoa this was only 0.9±0.3%. Cryopreserved spermatozoa with a normal acrosome and flagellum were only
15.4±3.5% of those in fresh spermatozoa. These results indicate that lesion of the flagellum and deformation of the acrosome
occurred through the cryopreservation procedure, and both types of damage lead to loss of the motility and fertility in thawed
spermatozoa. 相似文献