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1.
15株动物源性耐氟喹诺酮类药物大肠杆菌进行PCR检测、测序、WDNASIS软件分析gyrA基因中的氟喹诺酮耐药决定区(QRDR)、AcrA以及编码与质粒介导的氟喹诺酮类药物耐药机制相关的qnrA、qnrB、qnrS、qepA和aac(6′)-Ib-cr基因。结果表明,15株耐药菌中,QRDR基因在其编码第72、75、83位或第87位氨基酸均发生突变;AcrA基因未检测到氨基酸的突变;qnrS、qepA和aac(6′)-Ib-cr耐药基因阳性菌各检测到1株,序列分析表明不存在氨基酸突变。QRDR基因编码的氨基酸4个位点发生突变,其中Ser83→Leu和Asp87→Asn 2个基因的突变均与文献报道的突变相同,双突变的7个菌株均表现为高度耐氟喹诺酮类抗生素,表明gyrA基因为大肠杆菌耐氟喹诺酮类抗生素的一个重要机制。高度耐氟喹诺酮类抗生素的菌株中有2株没有检测到氨基酸突变的存在,但是aac-(6′)-Ib-cr基因和qnrS检测为阳性,表明质粒介导的喹诺酮类耐药也可单独导致菌株的耐药。存有一个菌株gyrA基因编码的氨基酸发生突变Ser83→Leu,AcrA基因和qnrA、qnrB、qnrS、qepA和aac(6′...  相似文献   

2.
旨在了解猪链球菌对氟喹诺酮类药物耐药性与parC、gyrA基因突变的相关性,通过微量稀释法测定34株猪链球菌对4种氟喹诺酮类药物的MIC值,采用PCR方法扩增并测序分析了临床分离的猪链球菌对氟唪诺酮类约物10株耐药株和9株敏感株的parC和gyrA基因喹诺酮耐药决定区(QRDRs).在氟喹诺酮类药物耐药菌株parC基因QRDRs发生Ser79→Phe、Arg 87→Leu的氨基酸突变,在4株高度耐药菌株gyrA基因QRDRs发生Arg66→Ser,Ser81→Arg氨基酸突变;当菌株对氟喹诺酮类药物敏感时,parC和gyrA基因的QRDR区均未有突变;而当MIC≥32 μg·L-1 时,parC的氨基酸发生了 Ser79→Phe的突变,同时发生gyrA氨基酸Arg66→Ser,Set81→Arg突变.结果表明,猪链球菌对氟喹诺酮类药物低水平类耐药是由parC单一位点突变引起,而高水平耐药是由parC和gyrA双位点突变引起.  相似文献   

3.
探讨不同禽源大肠埃希菌中喹诺酮类药物的耐药情况及耐药基因gyrA的分布和突变特征。采用K-B药敏纸片法、gyrA基因的PCR扩增,对9株大肠埃希菌进行喹诺酮类药物试验,并将gyrA基因的PCR产物测序,对测序结果采用DNA MAN、DNA Star、MEGA6等软件分析。药敏试验结果表明,C1、C2、C3菌株对左氧沙星、氧氟沙星、环丙沙星、诺氟沙星敏感,D1、D2、D3、B1、B2和B3菌株对左氧沙星、氧氟沙星、环丙沙星、诺氟沙星均表现为耐药和中介;gyrA基因的测序结果表明,除B1菌株有1处核苷酸突变位点和B2菌株有14处核苷酸突变位点;B2菌株gyrA基因的氨基酸突变发生在87位Ile→Val替代、101位Leu→Met替代、102位Ala→Ser替代、129位Lys→Gln替代。9株禽源大肠埃希菌的同源性和进化树分析表明,不同禽源耐氟喹诺酮类药物的大肠埃希菌菌株中B2菌株gyrA基因与其他9株菌株相比,同源性在90%左右,进化树不在一个分支上,研究中的B2菌株将为大肠埃希菌的氟喹诺酮类耐药机制的研究提供候选菌株。  相似文献   

4.
用微量肉汤稀释法对180株鸡源大肠杆菌临床分离株进行了6种氟喹诺酮类药物的耐药性监测，大多数分离株对氟喹诺酮类药物表现出高耐药率（52．9％～93．30%）并呈多重耐药性。提取各菌株染色体DNA，对gyrA基因QRDR进行PCR扩增并测序。氨基序列分析结果显示：168株耐药菌株的第83位的氨基酸均发生了变异，由丝氨酸（S）变为亮氨酸（L）；对4种以上氟喹诺酮类药物有耐药性的107株分离株除第83位氨基酸发变异外，第87位氨基酸也发生了变异，88株由天冬氨酸（D）变为天冬酰氨（N），13株为酪氨酸（Y），5株变为甘氨酸（G），1株变为丙氨酸（A），由此表明鸡源大肠杆菌对氟喹诺类药物的耐药程度与gyrA基因QRDR的变异密切相关，第83位氨基酸变异是大肠杆菌现对氟喹诺酮类药物耐药的关键。  相似文献   

5.
提取体外诱导的3株不同耐药水平鸡源性沙门菌环丙沙星耐药株的染色体DNA(分别为16×MIC、64×MIC、128×MIC).设计引物acrAF和acrAK,对耐药菌株acrA全基因序列进行克隆及序列分析.与质控菌株C79-13相比,菌株16×MIC的acrA基因第121位碱基发生T→C突变;菌株64×MIC的acrA基因第393位碱基发生C→突变,第1109位碱基发生A→G突变;菌株128×MIC的acrA基因第1121位碱基发生C→T突变.菌株16×MIC的碱基突变导致acrA基因的第40位氨基酸发生M→T取代,即Met→Thr;菌株64×MIC的碱基突变导致acrA基因的第131位氨基酸发生A→C取代,即Arg→Cys;而菌株128×MIC碱基突变并没有导致相应氨基酸的改变.上述结果提示,acrA基因的突变可能并非鸡源性沙门菌耐药性产生的主要原因.  相似文献   

6.
猪源大肠杆菌质粒和染色体介导的喹诺酮类药的耐药机制   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
采用微量肉汤稀释法对31株猪源大肠杆菌进行6种喹诺酮类药物的敏感性测定,聚合酶链式反应检测质粒介导的喹诺酮类耐药（PMQR）基因qnr、qepA和aac（6′）-Ib-cr,并分析PMQR基因阳性菌株染色体gyrA、gyrB、parC、parE基因的喹诺酮耐药决定突变区（QRDRs）突变。结果显示,31株猪源大肠杆菌对兽医临床常用的氟喹诺酮类药物均呈现耐药。在31株猪源肠杆菌中共检测到2株携带qnrB10和4株携带qnrS1基因的大肠杆菌,未检测到qnrA、qepA和aac（6′）-Ib-cr。在PMQR阳性菌株gyrA基因的QRDRs中,低耐药菌株的gyrA基因出现83位S→W突变,高耐药菌株的gyrA基因同时出现83位S→L和87位D→N突变。而在parC基因的QRDRs中,大部分耐药菌株出现80位S→I突变,1株耐药菌株出现45位V→L突变。gyrB和parE基因的QRDRs未检测到突变。结果表明,本地区猪源大肠杆菌对兽医临床常用的氟喹诺酮类药物耐药严重,PMQR的出现和QRDRs的点突变可同时协同贡献对喹诺酮类耐药,而PMQR的出现加速了喹诺酮类耐药基因的快速传播。  相似文献   

7.
为了探讨金黄色葡萄球菌对氟喹诺酮耐药性与gyrA、gyrB突变的关系，本研究对氟喹诺酮敏感金黄色葡萄球菌进行耐药诱导，获得一系列不同氟喹诺酮耐药水平的人工诱导耐药菌，应用PCR扩增野生菌和人工诱导菌的gyrA、gyrB基因并测序，经核苷酸和氨基酸序列分析表明：氟喹诺酮耐药菌的gyrB基因无突变，氟喹诺酮耐药菌的gyrA有Ser85→Leu和Ser84→Pro的突变。实验结果表明：gyrA突变是金黄色葡萄球菌氟喹诺酮耐药水平增高的主要原因。  相似文献   

8.
通过微量稀释法测定28株猪源链球菌对环丙沙星的MIC值,研究东北地区猪源链球菌对环丙沙星耐药性与parC、gyrA基因突变的相关性.通过PCR方法扩增parC和gyrA基因喹诺酮耐药决定区(QRDR)并测序分析;18株耐药菌在parC基因80位的突变(AGC→ATT)导致氨基酸Ser→Ile突变,11株高度耐药菌在gyrA基因81位的突变(CAG→)CAT、CTT或CTA)导致氨基酸Ser→Ile、Phe或Tyr的突变.当菌株对环丙沙星的MIC值≤1μ/mL时,parC和gyrA基因的QRDR区均未有突变;而当MIC ≥2μg/mL时,ParC的氨基酸发生了Ser80→Ile的突变,同时发生GyrA氨基酸Ser81突变的菌株,耐药水平很高.研究表明,环丙沙星低水平类耐药是由于拓扑异构酶Ⅳ改变引起,而高水平耐药是由拓扑异构酶Ⅳ、DNA旋转酶共同改变引起的.实验结果证明,在一定条件下,耐药性的高低与突变位点的多少成正比.  相似文献   

9.
采用二倍稀释法测定临床分离的4株鸡毒支原体对常用抗菌药物的敏感性,PCR方法和基因测序法对鸡毒支原体DNA回旋酶编码基因gyrA、gyrB及拓扑异构酶Ⅳ编码基因parC和parE耐药决定区进行分析。敏感性测定结果表明,4株分离鸡毒支原体对泰乐菌素、泰妙林、沃尼妙林和替米考星有很高的敏感性,对四环素和红霉素中度敏感,对林可霉素、氟苯尼考和氟喹诺酮类药物呈现不同程度的耐药性。4株耐氟喹诺酮类药物鸡毒支原体均在GyrA和ParC的喹诺酮类耐药决定区(QRDR)发生氨基酸的改变,GyrA的氨基酸取代模式有两种,分别为Ser81→Gly和Ser83→Ile,ParC仅在80位发生氨基酸取代(Ser80→Leu),GyrB和ParE均未发生氨基酸改变。  相似文献   

10.
DNA旋转酶基因gyrA中喹诺酮耐药决定区碱基变换在大肠杆菌对喹诺酮的耐药性方面起着十分重要的作用.采用PCR-SSCP(PCR-单链构象多态性)技术可对大肠杆菌gyrA基因QRDR的突变进行有效检测.本文以142株猪源致病性大肠杆菌氟喹诺酮药物敏感菌株为样本,测定了细菌对喹诺酮药的MIC值,结果表明142株猪源大肠杆菌对环丙沙星、恩诺沙星、诺氟沙星、氧氟沙星的耐药率分别为78.8%,56.3%,65.5%,76.8%.猪源大肠杆菌对氟喹诺酮药物的耐药率高,且耐药菌株MIC值较大.菌株WJPE2-1(对环丙沙星的NIC为0.5μg/mL)的诱导耐药试验,结果表明,在通过药物浓度梯度连续诱导过程中获得了MIC为2,8,64,128μg/mL的四株诱导菌株,诱导菌株4对ENR、NOR、OFL、CIP的MIC值分别增加到诱导前的32,128,128,256倍,且4株诱导菌株对CIP、ENR、NOR、OFL的MIC值均呈现递增.根据GenBank注册的大肠杆菌gyrA序列设计引物,横跨gyrA的第40和118密码子位置,包含完整的QRDR,从27株不同MIC值的大肠杆菌株、ATCC25922、4株诱导耐药菌株均获得约300bp的PCR产物.采用291的交联度、12%的聚烯酰胺浓度,1×TBE,凝胶中添加5%的甘油的条件,对诱导菌株、药物敏感菌株及不同耐药水平的分离菌株进行SSCP分析,结果表明,诱导菌株的谱型与敏感对照菌不同,低MIC值菌株SSCP谱型与敏感对照与敏感对照一致性高;耐药菌株的谱型多数与敏感对照不同.四株诱导大肠杆菌PCR产物的SSCP谱型均与对照不一致,检出率为100%;27株不同耐药性的猪源大肠杆菌中,7株敏感大肠杆菌共有6株的SSCP谱型与标准敏感菌株对照一致,符合率为85.7%;20株耐药大肠杆菌其谱型与标准敏感对照一致的菌株为2株,检出率为90.0%.序列比较结果表明,敏感菌株WJPE2-1的PCR产物与敏感对照有2个碱基(第91,111位氨基酸残基位置)的差异,序列同源率为99.16%(236/238).诱导菌株1与2表现在第83位氨基酸编码序列由tcg突变为ttg,菌株3、4与菌株1、2的差异表现在第87位氨基酸编码序列由gac突变为tac.进一步分析发现,菌株WJPE2-1在第91位及111位的突变均为同义突变,即密码子的变换没有引起氨基酸残基的改变.在诱导菌株中,1与2的gyrase的第83位氨基酸残基由Ser→Leu,菌株3、4的gyrase还在第87位氨基酸残基由Asp→Tyr.表明由于QRDR内碱基的改变,引起DNA旋转酶氨基酸的变化,导致大肠杆菌产生氟喹诺酮药物的耐药性.  相似文献   

11.
Niwa H  Hobo S  Anzai T 《Veterinary microbiology》2006,115(1-3):264-268
In this study, the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) in gyrA and gyrB of in vitro fluoroquinolone-resistant Rhodococcus equi mutants was sequenced. These mutants were selected from four R. equi strains on blood agar plates containing ciprofloxacin or enrofloxacin. Each mutant became 8- to 64 or greater-fold resistant to fluoroquinolones compared with their parent strains. From the results of sequence analysis of QRDR in gyrA and gyrB, a nucleotide mutation of codon GAC for GGC in gyrA was detected in all mutants, but no mutation was observed in gyrB. This mutation leads to amino acid substitution of Asp for Gly in putative GyrA in R. equi. The position of this substitution corresponds to position 87 of GyrA in Escherichia coli. Our results suggest that the mutation of QRDR in gyrA, which was observed in in vitro fluoroquinolone-resistant R. equi mutants in this study, is closely associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.  相似文献   

12.
Quinolone-resistant (QR) mutants of Mycoplasma bovirhinis strain PG43 (type strain) were generated by stepwise selection in increasing concentrations of enrofloxacin (ENR). An alteration was found in the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) of the parC gene coding for the ParC subunit of topoisomerase IV from these mutants, but not in the gyrA, gyrB, and parE gene coding for the GyrA and GyrB subunits of DNA gyrase and the ParE subunit of topoisomerase IV. Similarly, such an alteration in QRDR of parC was found in the field isolates of M. bovirhinis, which possessed various levels of QR. The substitution of leucine (Leu) by serine (Ser) at position 80 of QRDR of ParC was observed in both QR-mutants and QR-isolates. This is the first report of QR based on a point mutation of the parC gene in M. bovirhinis.  相似文献   

13.
Thirty-seven fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli strains from ruminants (according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines) were screened by molecular methods for mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) of the gyrA and parC genes and for the presence of the qnrA gene. One of the strains studied was an enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) strain potentially pathogenic for humans. Three E. coli strains resistant to enrofloxacin (minimal inhibitory concentration [MIC] = 2 microg/ml) but not to ciprofloxacin (MIC = 1 microg/ml) presented single mutations in the gyrA and parC genes, while 34 strains resistant to both fluoroquinolones presented double and single mutations in gyrA and parC, respectively (31 strains), or double mutations in gyrA and parC (3 strains). The EHEC strain presented a double amino acid substitution in the GyrA protein (Ser-83-->Leu and Asp-87-->Gly) and a double amino acid substitution in the ParC protein (Gly-78-->Cys and Ser-80-->Arg), one of which has not been previously described. The present study shows that most of the mutations in the QRDR of the gyrA and parC genes of fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli strains from ruminants are the same as those seen in E. coli strains from other animal species and humans and that there are no differences in mutation patterns in the QRDR of E. coli strains from healthy ruminants and those with diarrhea. No strains carried qnrA, which indicates that this gene does not play an important role in the selection of fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli strains from ruminants.  相似文献   

14.
Nine quinolone resistant (minimal inhibitory concentration [MIC] was > 32 microg/mL for nalidixic acid, > 1 microg/mL for ciprofloxacin) isolates of Escherichia coli have been found in wild birds with septicemia. All of the isolates were aerobactin positive. The mechanisms of resistance were characterised by sequencing the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) of the gyrA, gyrB, parC, and parE genes. Sequence analysis of the gyrA gene in all isolates identified only 1 nucleotide substitution at codon Serine-83 for Leucine-83. Sequence analysis of the gyrB, parC, and parE QRDR genes revealed no mutations in any of the isolates. This study was conducted to determine the importance of these genes in the susceptibility of E. coli strains isolated from wild birds to quinolones.  相似文献   

15.
沙门氏菌耐药株gyrA基因和parC基因突变特征分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
提取沙门氏菌染色体DNA，设计引物扩增gyrA基因和parC基因片段，克隆测序寻找耐药菌株的突变位点，通过系统的比较，分析氟喹诺酮类药物（以环丙沙星为代表）对各沙门氏菌MIC和耐药突变位点之间的关系。通过对耐药突变位点的研究，可以为下一步研究耐药性监测的快速方法提供理论基础。  相似文献   

16.
本研究旨在探讨不同血清型沙门氏菌在环丙沙星抗生素压力下突变频率及在耐药发展过程中靶位基因突变、外排泵及调控基因表达的差异。选取临床分离的印第安纳型、肠炎型和鼠伤寒型沙门氏菌的敏感菌株,在环丙沙星压力下诱导耐药突变,分别获得一系列不同程度的耐药突变株。分别检测不同血清型沙门氏菌突变株的突变频率、靶位基因喹诺酮耐药决定区(QRDRs)和外排泵调控基因ramR-ramA突变及外排泵相关基因的表达水平;同时检测了母株在羰基氰化物间氯苯腙(CCCP)存在情况下环丙沙星药物的蓄积浓度,以确定母株是否存在外排泵的作用。结果表明,在环丙沙星压力下,印第安纳型沙门氏菌较肠炎型和鼠伤寒型有更高的突变频率,易获得耐药株;印第安纳血清型菌株耐药性的获得主要是由于靶位基因gyrA发生单突变,协同外排泵外排作用增强而获得高水平耐药;肠炎型沙门氏菌耐药性获得主要是由于靶位基因gyrA发生83和87位双位点突变,并随着gyrB和parC基因的多位点同时突变而获得高水平耐药,耐药性的发展过程中没有外排泵作用参与;而鼠伤寒沙门氏菌在抗生素压力下不易发展成耐药菌,耐药性发生主要是由于靶位基因gyrB发生突变,而伴随parC基因突变及微弱的外排泵作用导致耐药水平增加。  相似文献   

17.
通过药敏实验检测了鸡鲍氏、人鲍氏和人福氏三株志贺菌对12种常用抗生素的耐药情况,发现三者均未产生对喹诺酮类药物的耐药性。用聚合酶链反应(PCR)分别扩增三株志贺菌的DNA旋转酶A亚单位(gyrA)和拓扑异构酶ⅣC亚单位(parC)基因,并对其中的耐喹诺酮类决定区(QRDR)进行了分析。发现鸡和人鲍氏志贺菌QRDR区的序列没有发生任何碱基突变,这与药敏试验结果相吻合。人福氏志贺菌虽然也对喹诺酮类无耐药性,但其gyrA基因存在83位Ser83(TCG)→Leu(TTG)的突变,由于只有83位点一处突变,所以尚未表现出耐药性表征,parC基因中存在58位Ser58(AGC)→Ile(ATC)的突变,该突变点与常见的80、84位氯基酸的改变有所不同,却仍在QRDR区域之中,虽然暂时还无法根据这一结果判断该突变与喹诺酮类耐药性之间的关系,但至少表明该菌株正处在耐药性演变进程之中,其在志贺菌耐药性中的确切作用还有待进一步研究。  相似文献   

18.
The prevalence of qnr genes was investigated in veterinary clinical isolates of Escherichia coli in Guangdong province, China, and the aac (6')-Ib gene and the mutations in QRDRs of gyrase and topoisomerase IV were examined in qnr-positive strains. A total of 232 E. coli strains isolated from pig and poultry were screened for the presence of the qnrA, qnrB and qnrS genes by PCR and sequencing. The aac (6')-Ib gene was detected in qnr-bearing strains by PCR and sequencing. For all strains carrying qnr, MICs for six quinolones were determined. Mutations within the gyrase and topoisomerase were analyzed by PCR and sequencing for all the QRDRs of gyrA, gyrB, parC and parE. Among 232 E. coli isolates, 14 (6%) isolates were positive for the qnr gene, including one for qnrB, 13 for qnrS, but no qnrA was identified in this population. Detection of the aac (6')-Ib gene showed that one qnrS-positive isolate from pig and one qnrB-positive isolate from duck carried aac (6')-Ib gene, and both were the cr variant allele of aac (6')-Ib. All of the 14 isolates had MICs of ciprofloxacin more than 0.25 mg/L. Mutations in the QRDR of gyrA mutations were observed in 5 (35.7%) of the 14 strains. Three fluoroquinolone-resisting strains showed one mutation S83L of gyrA, while one S83I. One high-level resistance strains harboured gyrA S83L and A87N of gyrA. A singe mutation in site 58 of parC was detected in 3 (21.4%) strains. None mutations were found in QRDRs of gyrB and parE. The emergence of qnr genes in veterinary clinical E. coli isolates is described for the first time. This is also the first report of aac (6')-Ib-cr gene in E. coli isolates from food-producing animals.  相似文献   

19.
选择11株动物源沙门菌(包括6种血清型)进行环丙沙星耐药性体外诱导.应用变性高效液相色谱(DH-PLC)对11株诱导株不同诱导阶段的靶基因gyrA、gyrB、parC、parE的喹诺酮耐药决定区(QRDR)和mar操纵子基因marO、marR、marA、marB、soxR、soxS及外排泵acrAB的抑制基因acrR(包括启动子区)进行基因突变筛选,并对筛选出的突变基因进行测序确证.结果显示,6种血清型沙门菌在诱导过程中,GyrA突变集中在S83F和/或D87G,marR、soxR、acrR均出现新突变,提示在环丙沙星诱导压力下,因靶基因和调控基因突变使耐药性不断增加.  相似文献   

20.
This paper reports the susceptibility to the quinolone nalidixic acid and the fluoroquinolone ciprofloxacin of 14,514 strains of Salmonella isolated in Germany from poultry, cattle and pigs between 1998 and 2001. Quinolone-resistant salmonellae were most frequently isolated from poultry, with a prevalence of 10.2 to 16.8 per cent. Poultry-associated serotypes, such as Salmonella Paratyphi B (d-tartrate positive), Salmonella Hadar and Salmonella Virchow, had the highest prevalence of quinolone resistance, ranging between 35 and 74 per cent. All the nalidixic acid-resistant strains also had a reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICS) of 0.125 to 2 microg/ml. A comparison of the MICS for ciprofloxacin of the strains of these poultry-associated serotypes and Salmonella Enteritidis phage type 4 isolated in 1998/99 and 2000/01 indicated that there had been a shift towards higher MIC values of up to 2 microg/ml. The quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) of the gyrA gene and the homologue region of the parC gene of 31 selected strains were sequenced. Several different amino acid changes were observed in gyrA of the quinolone-resistant isolates at positions 83 and 87, but no substitutions were observed in parC.  相似文献   

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