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1.
免疫鸡群中分离的H9N2亚型禽流感病毒的分子特征研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为研究浙江省禽流感病毒(AIV)的流行病学情况,本实验应用鸡胚传代方法从AIV疫苗免疫鸡群中表现典型呼吸症状的产蛋鸡体内分离1株H9N2亚型AIV A/Chicken/Jiande/01/2009(H9N2)。氨基酸序列分析显示,HA受体结合位点出现了人流感病毒结合位点226L,M基因出现S31N的突变。遗传进化分析显示,A/Chicken/Jiande/01/2009的M基因和PB2基因属于G1-Like谱系,HA基因、NA基因和NS基因属于Ck/BJ/1/94-Like分支,而NP基因、PA基因和PB1基因属于Ck/SH/F/98-Like谱系。这些资料表明,A/Chicken/Jiande/01/2009(H9N2)为一株重排病毒。  相似文献   

2.
本研究分析了免疫鸡群H5N1和H9N2亚型禽流感病毒混合感染中H9N2亚型分离毒株A/chicken/Yuyao/01/2010(H9N2)的基因组特征。氨基酸序列分析显示,HA蛋白裂解位点为PSRSSR/GL,具有低致病性禽流感病毒特征,HA受体结合位点出现了人流感病毒结合位点226L,D基因出现了S31N的突变。遗传分析表明,A/chicken/Yuyao/01/2010病毒的HA基因、NA基因和NS基因在进化上属于CK/BJ/94-Like谱系,D基因和PB2基因属于G1-Like谱系,NP基因、PA基因和PB1基因属于Ck/SH/F/98-Like谱系。结果表明,从H5N1和H9N2亚型混合感染鸡体内分离的H9N2亚型禽流感病毒是一株来源于CK/BJ/94-Like谱系、G1-Like谱系和Ck/SH/F/98-Like谱系的重组病毒。  相似文献   

3.
为了解H11N3亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)的生物学特性，本研究对2020年在福州市某活禽市场鸭中分离的一株H11N3亚型AIV进行了全基因组测序、遗传进化分析和对BALB/c小鼠的致病性试验。测序结果显示，分离株HA裂解位点为PAIASR↓GLF，符合低致病性AIV分子特征；HA蛋白226L和228S突变显示病毒具有结合人源受体(SAα-2,6 Gal)的特征性氨基酸。PB1、PA、NP和M1蛋白均出现对哺乳动物致病性增强的特征性氨基酸。遗传进化分析显示，H11N3 AIV的8个基因节段均属于欧亚分支，其HA基因与A/duck/Fujian/SD061/2017 (H11N3)株HA基因序列相似性最高，而NA基因与A/EN/Fujian/02754/2016 (H3N3)株NA基因序列相似性最高。该病毒内部基因分别与浙江、福建和云南等地鸭和鸡体内分离的H7N9、H7N7、H1N2、H7N2、H7N7和H9N6等亚型AIV相关基因高度同源。小鼠致病性试验结果显示，该病毒未经适应即可在小鼠鼻甲和肺脏中高效复制，表明该病毒株具备感染哺乳动物的能力。上...  相似文献   

4.
H9N2亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)h9.4.2.5分支近年在我国广泛流行,为了解其分子特征及变异特点和进化规律,对从2017年我国不同地区分离到的10株H9N2亚型AIV进行了全基因序列测定及分析。结果表明:10株H9N2亚型AIVHA裂解位点均没有连续的碱性氨基酸插入,属于低致病性。遗传进化分析表明:10个分离株的HA基因均属于h9.4.2.5分支,NA基因均处于Y280-like分支;6个内部基因(PB2、PB1、PA、NP、NS、M)与H5、H7亚型高致病性AIV处于同一分支,有可能发生不同程度的基因重配。  相似文献   

5.
《中国兽医学报》2017,(2):266-271
为了解广东地区猪流感病毒(SIV)的流行和变异情况,本研究于2013年10月至2014年1月从广东省4个不同地区采集猪鼻拭子和肺脏病料共203份,对样品处理之后进行鸡胚分离和RT-PCR检测,从中分离得到5株SIV,对其进行病毒纯化、全基因组测序和遗传进化分析。结果表明,5株SIV分离毒株其中3株为H1N1亚型,2株为H1N2。分离毒株HA裂解位点位于PSIQSR↓GL,具有典型的低致病性流感病毒特征。HA基因序列比对结果显示,5株SIV分离毒株与A/Jiangsu/ALS1/2011(H1N1)株同源性最高,核苷酸相似性为97%~99%。遗传进化分析结果显示,5株分离毒株的PB2、PB1、PA和NP基因片段属于PDM/09分支,M基因片段以及外部基因片段HA属于欧亚类禽分支,NS基因片段属于北美三元重组分支,3株H1N1亚型的NA基因属于欧亚类禽分支,2株H1N2亚型的NA基因属于人季节性流感分支。抗原位点分析结果表明,分离毒株的抗原位点基本保守,但YJ28分离株HA1蛋白上发现3个氨基酸突变,分别是L69S、S137P、E222G。本研究通过对广东省不同地区分离到的SIV进行鉴定分析,掌握SIV的变异趋势,为猪流感的防控提供切实有效的理论依据。  相似文献   

6.
2021年本实验室从发病野鸟组织样品中分离到一株H5N8亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)，命名为A/black-headed gull/Tibet/1-2/2021(H5N8)，简称为BH Gull/TB/1-2/2021(H5N8)。为进一步了解该病毒的生物学特性，本研究对其基因组测序并经遗传演化分析，结果显示，该病毒HA蛋白的裂解位点为PLREKRRKR↓GLF，符合高致病性AIV(HPAIV)的分子特征。在遗传进化上HA基因属于2.3.4.4b分支，外部基因与部分内部基因(PB1、PA、NP、NS)均与2020年～2021年分离到的H5N8亚型AIV相应基因的同源性最高，且处于同一分支；PB2基因与一株H9N2亚型AIV PB2基因同源性最高，为99.25%;M基因与近两年流行的2.3.4.4b分支H5N1亚型AIV同源性最高，且处于同一分支，推测该病毒为一株重组病毒。抗原性分析结果显示，该病毒与2.3.4.4分支H5-Re8、2.3.4.4b分支H5-Re14疫苗株抗原性相近。不同哺乳动物细胞系生长曲线结果显示，该病毒可在哺乳动物细胞系中有效复制，但其在A549中的复制效率高于其在MD...  相似文献   

7.
为了解江苏地区H9N2亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)流行株的生物学特性,从江苏某养殖场分离到2株H9N2亚型AIV,A/chicken/Jiangsu/25/2019(CK/JS/25/19)和A/chicken/Jiangsu/43/2019(CK/JS/43/19),进行病毒纯化、全基因组测序、遗传进化分析,并研究其对小鼠的致病性。结果显示:2株分离株具有较高的同源性,与BJ/94、Y280、G1、F/98等代表性毒株同源性较低;HA、NA基因位于Y280分支,PB2、M基因位于G1分支,PB1、PA、NP、NS基因位于F/98分支,符合当前H9N2流行趋势;HA基因裂解位点的氨基酸组成为RSSR↓GLF,符合低致病性AIV特征;抗原性、受体结合特性、致病性等关键位点存在一定的变化,且HA、NA存在潜在糖基化位点的增加或缺失;小鼠试验表明,CK/JS/43/19对小鼠的致病性更强,且聚合酶活性更高。提示:近年来江苏地区H9N2亚型AIV发生了较大程度的进化,具有感染哺乳动物的潜在威胁,相关研究结果为监测和防控H9N2亚型AIV提供了理论参考。  相似文献   

8.
本研究对1株H5N2亚型禽流感病毒(CK/GD02/14)进行全基因测序及遗传进化分析,结果显示,该病毒HA蛋白裂解位点含有多个连续的碱性氨基酸(321PQIEGRRRKR*GLF333),为高致病性禽流感病毒特征。遗传进化分析结果显示,CK/GD02/14与A/chicken/Jiangsu/1001/2013(H5N2)各基因片段都有较高的同源性(97.6%~98.9%)。HA基因位于H5N1亚型遗传进化树的7.2分支,NA基因属于H9N2亚型遗传进化树的BJ/1/94-like分支。其内部基因与1株H9N2亚型病毒的内部基因有较高的同源性,但其M基因属于类H5N1病毒分支,表明该H5N2亚型禽流感病毒为H9N2和H5N1亚型禽流感病毒的重组毒株。结果表明,CK/GD02/14与A/chicken/Jiangsu/1001/2013(H5N2)为同源毒株,可能由江苏传到广东地区。  相似文献   

9.
为了解分离自厦门市养殖场、活禽交易市场和活禽屠宰场的H9N2亚型禽流感病毒(Avian influenza viruse,AIV)的遗传变异特征,本研究对分离到的6株H9N2亚型AIV进行全基因组序列测定、遗传进化分析和特殊位点的氨基酸分析。结果显示:6株分离株的HA裂解位点均符合低致病性禽流感病毒特征,HA受体结合位点尤其是234位氨基酸突变为L,表现出人流感病毒受体结合特性;NA存在颈部9个核苷酸缺失的高致病性分子特征;内部基因NS1基因发生P42S突变,M1基因发生N30D、T215A突变,M2基因发生S31N的突变,PB1-F2基因发生N66S突变,提示当前分离株已出现耐药性、致病性增强的变化。8个基因片段均属于欧亚谱系,内部基因与H7N9、H10N8、H10N6、H5N6亚型亲缘关系密切。本研究结果为本地区禽流感生物学特性研究和防控提供科学依据。  相似文献   

10.
根据GenBank登陆的H9N2亚型AIV全基因组序列,设计了8对引物,运用RT-PCR的方法获取了3株H9N2亚型AIV西藏分离株A/Chiken/Tibet/S1/2009、A/Duck/Tibet/S2/2009和A/Chiken/Tibet/S4/2009的8个基因序列,并对所得序列进行同源性及遗传进化分析.结果显示,分离毒株的各基因片段均有完整的开放阅读框,HA基因裂解位点处均为RSSR/G,符合低致病性禽流感的特征;3株西藏分离毒株之间同源性为98%～99%,可能起源于同一种系;各分离毒的HA、NS和NA基因与欧亚分支A/Chiken/Beijing/1/94分支中的A/Duck/HongKong/Y280/97遗传距离最近,而M、NP、PA、PB1和PB2基因与欧亚分支中另一分支A/Quail/HongKong/G1/97群系遗传关系近.由此可见3株分离株的各基因所属分支不具有统一性,说明本研究所分离的3株H9N2亚型AIV西藏分离毒株可能是来源于不同亚系AIV的毒株在感染同一种宿主时发生基因重排的产物.  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

14.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

15.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

16.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

17.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

18.
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.  相似文献   

19.
Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing.  相似文献   

20.
Comparison of different tests to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
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