同源四倍体及其原二倍体黑皮冬瓜光合光响应模型筛选     

万正林  周艳霞  武鹏  邓俭英  李立志  龙明华 《热带作物学报》2019,40(10):2083-2090

为了筛选出最适合黑皮冬瓜Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn.的光合光响应模型,为其育种提供理论依据,以同源四倍体及其原二倍体黑皮冬瓜为试验材料,对8种经典的光合光响应模型适用性进行了比较分析。结果表明：二次多项式能够表现出光抑制情况,但在拟合过程中出现暗呼吸速率为正值、光补偿点为负值及无法解释当光强达到饱和后光合速率快速下降的问题;直角双曲线、非直角双曲线及指数函数Ⅰ、指数函数Ⅱ无法直接求取光饱和点、光补偿点,结合常用的光饱和点的计算方法得到的光饱和点与实测值均存在较大的偏差,且指数函数Ⅱ在计算光饱和点时表现出明显的人为性,也无法拟合光抑制情况,但4种模型拟合得到的光补偿点均与实测值相差不大;指数修正模型因系数β为负值,无法求取四倍体黑皮冬瓜材料的光饱和点和最大净光合速率,且拟合得到的四倍体黑皮冬瓜的光补偿点明显低于实测值;直角双曲线修正模型计算得到的暗呼吸速率及二倍体黑皮冬瓜的光饱和点明显低于实测值,但获得的四倍体及其二倍体的最大净光合速率与实测值最接近,说明其在拟合最大净光合速率上有优势;整体上分段函数计算得到的黑皮冬瓜的各光合参数与实测值最为接近,与实测值的平均相对误差最小,也能很好的拟合发生光抑制部分的光响应曲线。分段函数拟合同源四倍体及其原二倍体黑皮冬瓜光合光响应曲线效果较其他模型效果好,分段函数模型为黑皮冬瓜最适合的光合光响应模型。  相似文献   

葡萄二倍体与四倍体品种间杂交胚珠的离体培养   总被引：12，自引：2，他引：10  

徐海英  阎爱玲  张国军 《果树学报》2001,18(6):317-320

为了克服葡萄二倍体品种与四倍体品种之间的交配障碍,进行了杂交胚珠的离体培养研究。发芽胚珠的取样时期集中于授粉后35～75d,其中多数以二倍体作母本的组合在授粉后55d取样的发芽率最高,以四倍体作母本的组合授粉后70d取样的发芽率最高。基本培养模式为:发育培养基-(剥胚)萌发培养基-生长培养基。用二倍体品种作母本时,所有组合均获得了培养苗,在1号培养基上培养的胚珠发芽率高于2号培养基。反交对培养基的要求有相反趋势,其中2个组合未得到培养苗。授粉后60d,直接剥出杂种胚进行培养,得到了最高发芽率。综合分析初步认为,用二倍体品种作母本比用四倍体品种作母本容易获得杂交后代。  相似文献   

Estimating Combining Ability of 4x-2x Crosses in Cultivated Potatoes     

Tian Xingya  Lu Wenhe  Ouyang Guangpi  Chen Yili  Wang Fengyi 《东北农业大学学报(英文版)》1996,(2)

Progenies derived from crosses between Solarium tuberosum and 2n pollen-Producing diploid hybrids, exhibit obvious hybrid vigor. The 2n pollen-producing clone can act as a bridge in crossing S. tuberosum and S. andigena with S. phureja. Populations from 4x-2x crosses show more unifomity and less segregation compared with that of 4x-4x crosses. The parent-offspring correlation for the traits, starch content and tuber number, is significant at 0.01 level. The regrssion equations are Y (mp-F1)=1.0 1.2x and Y (mp - F1) = 5.3 0.8x, respectively. The 2n pollen-producing clones play an impotant role in increasing tuber stach content. Estimates of the combining ability for the main yield components indicate that additive effect prodominatcs for such trais as plot yield, tuber weight per plant and starch content, whereas both additive and non-additive effects lay equal stress on mean tuber weight and non-additive effect is important for tuber number. In general, non-additive effect appears to be important in  相似文献   

提高二倍体马铃薯原始栽培种原生质体分离与分裂频率的研究     

陈鹏  刘卫卫  魏彩霞  王清 《甘肃农业大学学报》2014,(5):80-87

为获得较高的原生质体分离和分裂频率,试验以马铃薯二倍体原始栽培种‘47-33’‘5-19’试管苗叶片为材料,进行了原生质体游离和培养的研究.结果表明:培养21d的两品系试管苗叶片均在含有2.0%纤维素酶+0.5%果胶酶+0.25%离析酶,渗透压为0.35mol/L的酶解液中解离效果最好,原生质体产量分别为2.31×106个/gFW和2.52×106个/gFW;在28℃酶解温度条件下缓慢摇动14h或1h静置+13h缓慢摇动的,可促进叶片原生质体的大量释放.此外,1.0mg/L NAA+0.5mg/L 2,4-D+0.4mg/L BAP外源激素组合有利于叶片原生质体的分裂,‘47-33’‘5-19’原生质体一次分裂频率分别达到8.85%和12.56%.在0.35mol/L渗透压的液体培养基中,‘47-33’叶片原生质体分裂更早,分裂频率达13.85%.研究获得了稳定的原生质体分离体系以及较好的原生质体培养条件,为马铃薯二倍体原始栽培种的体细胞融合奠定了基础.  相似文献   

不同倍性鸭茅同功酶比较研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

帅素蓉  白史且 《草业科学》1998,15(6):11-15

采用生化遗传学的方法,对我国亚热带地区几个二倍体和四倍体野生鸭茅不同生育期的酯酶,过氧化物酶同功酶进行了比较研究。结果表明,鸭茅二倍体各品系之间,四倍体各品种（系）之间的同源性较高,遗传差异较小,二倍体与四倍体之间,酯酶,过氧经物酶同功酶等都有较大差异。  相似文献   

3种染色体组加倍方法诱导黄河鲇雌核发育的比较          下载免费PDF全文

彭新亮  李学军  程果  乔志刚  石灵 《水生态学杂志》2008,29(2):44-47

用经紫外线照射后遗传失活的黄河鲇精子、刺激性成熟的黄河鲇卵子, 进行雌核发育, 采用冷休克、热休克和秋水仙素浸泡等3种染色体组加倍方法诱导黄河鲇卵进行二倍体雌核发育。实验结果表明: 在人工诱导黄河鲇二倍体雌核发育过程中, 以冷休克处理组的效果最好, 胚胎孵化率达到8. 1%; 其次为秋水仙素处理组, 胚胎孵化率达到6. 3%; 热休克处理组诱导效果较差, 胚胎孵化率仅为4. 0%。  相似文献   

野生二倍体鸭茅染色体加倍及杂交利用研究     

钟声  黄梅芬  段新慧 《热带作物学报》2009,33(3):40-43

对滇中朗目山野生二倍体鸭茅用秋水仙素处理萌动种子，获得了混倍体鸭茅(同一植株根尖中二倍体细胞和四倍体细胞混存)，混倍体鸭茅的形态学特征及生长发育均与二倍体无明显差异；从混倍体鸭茅自然传粉后代中，获得了纯合同源四倍体鸭茅。同源四倍体鸭茅的气孔和种子均较二倍体大，但形态、发育与二倍体差异较小。以诱导所得混倍体为母本，与四倍体栽培种杂交，杂交F1代为四倍体，其形态学特征及物候发育均介于野生二倍体和四倍体栽培种之间，早期生长与四倍体栽培种相当，优于野生二倍体，繁殖性能与野生二倍体相当，强于四倍体栽培种，分蘖、再生性及干物质产量均强于二倍体，但明显不如四倍体栽培种。以鸭茅野生二倍体为母本，与四倍体栽培种进行杂交，获得的杂交三倍体高度不孕，但早期生长、分蘖、再生等明显优于母本二倍体，杂交三倍体开放传粉后代倍性复杂，混倍体、四倍体和五倍体都有。  相似文献   

Recurrent Temporary Paralysis Reported After Human Rabies Post‐Exposure Prophylaxis          下载免费PDF全文

V. M. Dato  E. R. Campagnolo  D. U. Shah  M. J. Bellush  C. E. Rupprecht 《Zoonoses and public health》2015,62(3):222-227

Adverse events can occur after rabies post‐exposure prophylaxis (PEP), and linkage to causality is often difficult to determine. We report a case of recurrent temporary paralysis that began immediately after the initiation of rabies PEP in a man exposed to a bat. The recurrent temporary paralysis first occurred in the patient after his initial dose and then again after day 3 of his rabies PEP. The PEP was terminated prior to a serologic response. The patient continued to experience numerous discrete episodes of temporary paralysis for over two years.  相似文献   

草鱼尾鳍组织二倍体细胞系GCCF-2的建立及其部分生物学特性分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

魏彦章  陆仁后  白国栋 《水产学报》1987,11(4):269-275

本文从草鱼尾鳍组织建立了一个二倍体细胞系GCCF-2。该细胞系用TC-199培养液加15％小牛血清培养。细胞生长旺盛,最高分裂指数达30.04‰。现已在体外培养近92个月。细胞在28℃生长良好。染色体检查表明,GCCF-2为二倍体细胞系。初步估计其细胞周期为21—33小时。GCCF-2对草鱼呼肠弧病毒(GCRV)敏感,并在细胞中发现病毒颗粒。  相似文献   

A comparison of progeny from diallel crosses of diploid potato with regard to the frequencies of 2n-pollen grains   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Qu Dongyu  Zhu Dewei  M. S. Ramanna  E. Jacobsen 《Euphytica》1995,92(3):313-320

Summary Selection of diploid potato genotypes that produce high frequencies of 2n-pollen grains in different environments is an important requirement for analytic breeding as well as for true potato seed production. In this context, quantitative estimates of 2n-pollen formation were made in two type of diploid potato populations. One population set consisted of the progeny from diallel crosses of five well-known diploid potato clones (A=US-W 5293.3, B=US-W 5295.7, C=US-W 5337.3, D=US-W 7589.2 and E=772102-37). Another population set was obtained by pollinating three genotypes of Solanum phureja, IvP35, IvP48 and IvP101 with clones A, C and E. It was observed that the behaviour of the parental clones with respect to 2n-pollen grains formation in different environments, such as in Europe and China, was stable. The correlation coefficient between means of 2n-pollen grains frequency of combinations and percentage of genotypes with more than 5% 2n-pollen grains in a given combination were estimated and that between mean and maximum frequency of 2n-pollen grains formation in each combination. The results showed that the former coefficients were significant wheareas the latter were not. The combining ability analysis revealed variation in 2n-pollen grains formation between families. Specific combining ability (SCA) effects contributed much more than general combining ability (GCA) to the variation in 2n-pollen grains formation. The broad-sense heritability of 2n-pollen grains formation was estimated to vary between 0.45 and 0.53 and the narrow-sense heritability was calculated to be 0.15 and 0.20 in the two types of populations. This means that additive variance was relatively low. Two to four genes were estimated to control the inheritance of 2n-pollen grains formation.  相似文献