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鸡毒支原体红霉素和替米考星耐药体外诱导及其23S rRNA基因V域突变特征分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
鸡毒支原体（Mycoplasma gallisepticum，MG）是禽类主要病原菌之一，其感染引起鸡慢性呼吸道病（CRD）和火鸡传染性窦炎。目前预防鸡毒支原体感染仍主要依靠抗菌药物，但长期广泛应用抗菌药物造成鸡毒支原体耐药性不断发展。有调查表明，鸡毒支原体临床株对四环素类、大环内酯类及氟喹诺酮类等抗菌药物已产生了耐药性，造成药物疗效下降甚至失效。由于支原体分离培养困难，国内外对动物源支原体耐药性研究十分有限，至今未见有鸡毒支原体大环内酯类抗生素耐药机制的研究报道。本文以鸡毒支原体S6株为模式菌，研究红霉素和替米考星在体外诱导鸡毒支原体的耐药情况，并分析耐药菌株23S rRNA基因V域的耐药突变特征。 相似文献
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从满足鸡毒支原体生长繁殖对营养物质需求和提供高浓度繁殖生长空间两个方面着手,研究出鸡毒支原体增菌培养工艺。对MGS6株、R株增菌培养后,由于MG大量高浓度繁殖,使透明的培养液变得十分浑浊浓厚．颜色由近于黑色变成土黄色．静止数小时．瓶底产生一层乳白色MG菌体沉淀．菌数可达10^20FU／mL。10倍稀释制成油乳剂灭活苗免疫MG阳性鸡群．早期发病雏鸡免疫后15d左右临床症状消失．鸡群几乎不再发生鸡毒支原体病．并可控制减少鸡大肠杆菌病的发生．在鸡毒支原体培养及免疫方面取得突破性进展． 相似文献
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旨在从广东某规模化鸡场死鸡胚进行鸡毒支原体(Mycoplasma gallisepticum,MG)的分离,并进行遗传进化分析、致病性及药物敏感性研究。本研究从广东某规模化鸡场的带菌死胚卵黄组织中分离禽支原体,通过菌落观察、血清学试验、16S rRNA支原体通用引物序列鉴定等方法,对分离的菌株进行种属鉴定,同时将分离的毒株对鸡胚和SPF鸡进行攻毒试验及抗菌药物敏感性试验。结果显示：显微镜下菌落呈典型的“荷包蛋”状。平板凝集试验显示其与MG阳性血清有凝集反应,与MS阳性血清不反应;16S rRNA序列测序发现各分离株与MG相似性达99.9%,因此确定分离株为MG。将各分离株感染7日龄SPF鸡胚,结果显示感染鸡胚大多于临近出壳时死亡;感染3周龄的SPF鸡,3周后解剖发现鸡气囊发生显著病理变化,说明其具有较强致病力;药物敏感性试验结果显示,5株分离株对盐酸沃尼妙林、多西环素、泰万菌素及泰妙菌素有较高敏感性,对替米考星、泰乐菌素、恩诺沙星、红霉素、吉他霉素、林可霉素呈现出不同程度耐药性。综上,从广东某规模化鸡场死鸡胚中成功分离到5株MG分离株,各分离株均可引起红细胞凝集,导致鸡胚死亡,对SPF... 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献