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新型鸭肝炎病毒流行病学调查及免疫防治试验 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
本试验通过鸭胚尿囊腔接种，对我国部分省市采集的死于疑似鸭病毒性肝炎的病鸭肝组织进行病原分离，获得9个病毒分离株。这些分离株对10日龄鸭胚的致死率为100％，人工感染6日龄雏鸭的致死率为0～100％不等。死亡鸭呈角弓反张姿势，剖检可见肝脏肿大，有出血点或出血斑。将9株分离株经鸭胚传至第5代，收集鸭胚尿囊液毒测定这些毒株的ELD50为10^-7.32／0．2ml～10^-3.5／0．2ml不等。用鸡抗1型DHV及新型DHV的血清进行中和试验，结果表明：有7株为新型DHV，有2株为1型DHV。对实验室早期分离的新型鸭肝炎病毒B株经过鸭胚传代致弱后，收集鸭胚尿囊液毒稀释成不同倍数对1日龄雏鸭进行免疫，并于10日龄时用新型鸭肝炎强毒进行攻毒保护试验，结果B20株在20倍稀释时，保护率达100％。采集免疫的雏鸭血清，中和试验测定血清的效价，雏鸭在免疫后可检测到中和抗体，第10天时抗体水平达到高峰，然后呈逐渐下降趋势。结果表明，B株经过鸭胚传代致弱后在毒力下降的同时仍保留一定的免疫原性．可以作为疫苗的候选株。 相似文献
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广东新兴株Ⅰ型鸭病毒性肝炎鸡胚化弱毒疫苗的研制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验从广东新兴地区分离的I型鸭病毒性肝炎毒株中筛选出免疫原性优良SS毒株,用鸡胚传代培育出Ⅰ型鸭肝炎病毒79代鸡胚化弱毒疫苗株SS79.按弱毒疫苗规程相关试验结果表明,该苗对1日龄雏鸭安全无致病性,免疫剂量为10-5.16个EID50/只.接种1日龄雏鸭后第3天可检测到抗体,7 d可产生高峰期中和抗体,并可完全保护雏鸭抵抗同型强毒的攻击,1次免疫抗体可维持4周以上.疫苗在-20℃保存6~12个月仍能保持良好的免疫原性. 相似文献
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标准鸭肝炎Ⅰ型血清对鸭肝炎野毒株的免疫保护试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨珠江三角洲及其附近地区鸭肝炎免疫失败的原因，对从该地区分离到的鸭肝炎野毒SN株等6个毒株在7日龄雏鸭、10日龄鸭胚及9日龄鸡胚上作免疫保护试验、交叉中和试验。试验结果表明，标准鸭肝炎Ⅰ型(DH-Ⅰ)血清对部分野毒株(SN株、Z株、SF株)的免疫保护指数较低，明显低于相应野毒株血清的保护指数，表明该疫区部分鸭肝炎野毒的抗原性已发生改变。这一免疫保护试验结论得到了交叉中和试验结果的支持。根据试验结果，采取若干有代表性鸭肝炎野毒与标准DH-Ⅰ型毒株，制备鸭肝炎高免血清或高免卵黄抗体用于临床免疫防治，并注意排除一些其他因素的干优，使临床免疫保护率达到96%。 相似文献
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标准鸭肝炎I型血清对鸭肝炎野毒株的免疫保护试验 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为探讨珠江三角洲及其附近地区鸭肝炎免疫失败的原因，对从该地区分离到的鸭肝炎野毒SN株等6个毒株在7日龄雏鸭、10日龄鸭胚上作免疫保护试验、交叉中和试验。试验结果表明，标准鸭肝炎I型（DH－1）血清对部分野毒株（SN株、Z株、SF株）的免疫保护指数较低，明显低于相应野毒株血清的保护指数，表明该校区部分鸭肝炎野毒的原性已发生改变。这一免疫保护试验结论得到了交叉中和试验结果的支持。根据试验结果，采取若干有代表性鸭肝炎野毒性与标准DH－I型毒株，制备鸭肝炎高名血清或高免卵黄抗体用于临床免疫防治，并注意排除一些其他因素的干扰，使临床免疫保护率达到96％。 相似文献
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雏鹅新型病毒性肠炎病毒弱毒株的培育及其特性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用在鸭胚成纤维细胞上连续传代的方法，获得了由雏鹅新型病毒性肠炎病毒强毒株（NGVEV－CN株）致弱的弱毒株（CN40株）。该弱毒株TCID50为10^-8.083，具有良好的安全性和稳定性，在易感1日龄雏鹅连传8代不返强。该弱毒具有良好的免疫原性，最小免疫剂量为10000TCID50，免疫后3d产生部分免疫力，5d产生坚强免疫力。口服免疫效果最好，对雏鹅免疫期在30d以上。该弱毒株能够干扰强毒在雏鹅体内繁殖，进入鹅体后能够进行一定程度繁殖并排泄出体外，使同居雏鹅感染并获得一定程度免疫力。临床使用后可极显著降低雏鹅的死亡率。 相似文献
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旨在培育鸭甲型肝炎病毒血清3型(DHAV-3)适应鸡胚毒株并对其特性进行研究。利用鸭胚从临床病料中分离得到的DHAV-3 LC强毒株经卵黄囊接种鸡胚传代、纯化获得适应鸡胚毒株,并对毒株的致病性、毒力稳定性、免疫原性和基因组特征进行测定。结果显示,利用鸭胚接种成功从病料中分离鉴定DHAV-3 LC强毒株,对鸭胚和雏鸭的半数致死量分别为10-6.20/0.2 mL和10-4.25/0.2 mL。经卵黄囊接种鸡胚69代,获得适应鸡胚毒株DHAV-3 CA。CA株的F4、F16、F21、F31、F41和F51代病毒液的ELD50分别为10-6.44/0.3 mL,10-6.60/0.3 mL,10-7.44/0.3 mL,10-7.80/0.3 mL,10-7.43/0.3 mL和10-7.25/0.3 mL;各代病毒对1日龄雏鸭不致病,但在体内连续传代出现接种雏鸭死亡。F21代病毒制备的油包水灭活... 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献