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由于乳制品营养丰富,为金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌、克罗诺杆菌等食源性致病菌提供了良好的生长环境,严重威胁乳制品相关的食品安全,因此对乳制品中食源性致病菌进行快速、准确检测是防治和检测食源性致病菌工作中必不可少的环节。近年来,分子生物学、免疫学等检测分析技术快速发展,相较于传统致病菌检测方法的繁琐耗时,这些方法灵敏度高、检测速度快、操作简单,因而备受关注。本文对近年来食源性致病菌检测新技术及应用进行综述,并对乳制品中食源性致病菌快速检测技术可能的发展趋势进行展望,以期为乳制品中食源性致病菌快速检测提供参考。 相似文献
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食源性致病菌是引起食物中毒的重要因素,对食源性致病菌的快速和高通量检测是防止和诊断细菌性食物中毒的有效手段。液相芯片检测技术具有需样本量少、高通量等特点。经典液相芯片技术是以有机荧光染料编码的聚苯乙烯微球为载体,新型液相芯片技术是以物理学、光学等编码的基质为载体,通过制备不同配体功能化的载体,实现对同一液相环境中多种靶细菌的同时检测。适配体是一类相比蛋白类抗体特异性高、筛选获得快、化学稳定性强的核酸配体。论文针对核酸适配体分析鉴及以适配体为基础的新型液相芯片技术在食源性致病菌检测中的应用进行了综述。 相似文献
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PCR技术在常见食源性致病菌检测中的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
食品安全是直接关系到人民群众生命、健康和社会稳定的重大公共安全问题,而食源性致病菌是影响食品安全的主要因素,因此,检测食源性致病菌是食源性疾病预防与控制的关键环节。 相似文献
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据WHO估计,全世界每年发生食源性疾病数十亿人,每年约有二百万儿童死于腹泻,其中66%以上是由细菌性致病菌所致.食源性致病菌导致的疾病是食品安全的关键问题,其中动物源性食品中沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌O157、副溶血弧菌等引起的食源性疾病是食品安全的主要问题.传统的检测方法(如分离培养、生化鉴定等)对致病菌的枪测特异性不高、灵敏度低、操作烦琐耗时,不能实现有效的监测和防控.我国在食品安全方面虽然取得了重大进步,但在食源性致病菌控制方面缺乏化学、生物性危害监测、暴露评估和定量危险性评估的数据,更缺乏检验技术,对包括动物产品在内的食品污染"家底不清". 相似文献
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单核细胞增生李斯特菌(Lm)是主要的食源性致病菌之一,也是一种重要的人畜共患病原菌,感染人和动物后主要表现为败血症、脑膜炎和单核细胞增多症等.为建立快速检测Lm的方法,本研究以Lm毒力因子actA作为特异性检测的靶基因,通过条件优化初步建立了快速检测食源性Lm的环介导等温扩增(LAMP)方法.并采用该方法进行了特异性、... 相似文献
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本研究旨在建立一种能够同时鉴别包括大肠杆菌O157：H7、沙门菌、空肠弯曲菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌、霍乱弧菌、副溶血弧菌和金黄色葡萄球菌7种常见食源性致病菌的GeXP多重PCR检测方法。根据这些致病菌在GenBank上公布的保守基因序列,设计合成了7对特异性GeXP引物。用单一或混合细菌样品的DNA模板优化反应条件,设置对照组,构建重组质粒,随机组合不同浓度的样品,验证所建立的GeXP方法的特异性、敏感性和准确性。最后用该方法检测120份临床样品,进一步验证所建立的GeXP检测方法的准确性和可靠性。结果显示,单一或混合模板的GeXP检测均能特异性出现相应清晰峰值,可在103拷贝·μL-1水平上同时特异地检测出7种细菌病原体,不同浓度模板混合时,本试验所建立的方法依然可检测出对应病原体。检测120份临床样品,GeXP多重PCR阳性率为2.50%（3/120）~15.83%（19/120）,普通PCR阳性率为2.50%（3/120）~15.00%（18/120）,GeXP多重PCR多检出8份阳性,表明GeXP方法更为敏感与准确。本研究建立的同时鉴别7种食源性致病菌的GeXP多重PCR检测方法,具有高通量、特异性强和敏感性高的特点,为食源性常见致病菌感染或混合感染提供了快速分子诊断方法。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献