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1.
Dot-ELISA法检测致病性嗜水气单胞菌   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
在鱼类致病性气单胞菌诊断试剂盒的基础上,用斑点酶联免疫吸附试验(Dot-ELISA)检测致病性嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila,Ah)胞外蛋白酶ECPase54,同时用脱脂奶平板、PCR特异性扩增气溶素基因aer和16S rRNA基因检测72株气单胞菌分离株.结果显示致病性嗜水气单胞菌检测阳性率分别如下:Dot-ELISA法90.3％(65/72)、脱脂奶平板法75％(54/72)、aer基因PCR法94.4％(68/72)、16S rRNA PCR法81.9％(59/72),Dot-ELISA与其他3种方法的符合率分别为79.2％(57/72)、91.6％(66/72)、81.9％(59/72).在ECPase54兔抗血清制备后的2、4、6、12、18个月,用Dot-ELISA检测72株分离株,检测结果重复性好.结果表明Dot-ELISA法敏感、特异、实用,可用于鱼类致病性Ah的临床诊断.  相似文献   

2.
应用间接荧光抗体法检测鱼类嗜水气单胞菌的试验研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  
作者制备了鱼类嗜水气单胞菌（AH）－77株兔抗血清,建立了应用间接荧光抗体试验（IFA）检测鱼类嗜水气单胞菌病原的方法。该法能有效地检测人工感染鳟鱼体内的嗜水气单胞菌病原体,对杀鲑气单胞菌、荧光假单胞菌、爱德华氏菌不发生交叉反应。整个过程可在2．5h内完成,是一种有前途的鱼类嗜水气单胞菌快速诊断方法。  相似文献   

3.
鸡源大肠杆菌胞外蛋白酶的检测   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
用脱脂奶琼脂平板法检测了 1 0 0株大肠杆菌的胞外蛋白酶。结果 ,在 88株鸡源株中 ,阳性者为 2 2株( 2 5%) ,1 2株参考株中有 3株为阳性 ( 2 5%) ,显示较高比例的大肠杆菌产生胞外蛋白酶这一致病因子。另外 ,用嗜水气单胞菌 J-1株的胞外蛋白酶 ( ECPase54)抗血清作 Dot-ELISA,检测上述 1 0 0株大肠杆菌 ,3株鸡源株表现阳性 ,其脱脂奶琼脂平板法检测结果亦为阳性。  相似文献   

4.
本试验建立的检测嗜水气单胞菌HEC毒素的点酶法,可在嗜水气单胞菌培养上清和临床病料中检出HEC毒素,可检出的最低水平为95ng/ml。用该法检测大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、鳗弧菌、荧光假单胞菌、温和气单胞菌等的培养上清及患草鱼出血病的病鱼病料,均为阴性反应,仅与豚鼠气单胞菌、杀鲑气单胞菌新亚种及吕克氏耶尔森氏菌有轻度的交叉反应。对72株病鱼分离菌及33份病鱼组织的检测结果表明,点酶法与溶血试验的符合率分别为80.7%和90.9%。以上试验重复3次,结果完全一致。综上可见,用点酶法检测嗜水气单胞菌HEC毒素,无须作复杂的细菌鉴定,并能直接用于病料,是一个快速、敏感、特异、有效的方法,显示出广阔的应用前景。  相似文献   

5.
对PRRSV快速分型的多重RT-PCR方法的建立与应用   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  
根据猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)欧洲株、美洲经典株与高致病性Nsp2变异株的Nsp2基因间的差异,设计3对特异性扩增引物,建立快速检测PRRSV欧洲株、美洲经典株和高致病性Nsp2变异株的多重RT-PCR方法。利用PRRSV欧洲株、经典株和高致病性Nsp2变异株及其他相关病毒株进行敏感度和特异性试验。结果显示,所建立的多重RT-PCR对欧洲株、美洲经典株与高致病性Nsp2变异株的RNA最小检出量分别为0.050 2、0.055 4、0.056 4ng,与CSFV、TGEV、JEV、SIV的核酸均无交叉反应。用该方法检测病料76份,结果PRRSV欧洲株、美洲经典株和高致病性Nsp2变异株的阳性率分别为0、7.89%和53.9%,未发现3型病毒间有混合感染的情况。检测结果与单一RT-PCR及RT-PCR检测试剂盒检测结果一致,高于病毒分离。  相似文献   

6.
嗜水气单胞菌不同分离株生化特性及胞外蛋白酶的检测   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
嗜水气单胞菌可引起多种宿主患病,该菌致病性与其产生的多种毒力因子特别是胞外蛋白酶有关。本研究检测了26株嗜水气单胞菌不同分离株的生化指标,采用脱脂乳平板法检测了胞外蛋白酶的产生情况,并利用PCR技术检测了2种胞外蛋白酶基因ahp-A(编码丝氨酸胞外蛋白酶)和eprCAI(编码温敏胞外蛋白酶)。结果表明,大部分菌株生化指标表现为蔗糖(+)、阿拉伯糖(+)、葡萄糖(+)、甘露醇(+)、鸟氨酸脱羧酶(-)、肌醇(-)、七叶苷(+);脱脂乳平板法检测发现,91.7%(22/24)的致病菌株均能产生胞外蛋白酶,而2株无毒株则不能产生,对2个胞外蛋白酶基因的检测也得到相似的结果。本研究将为嗜水气单胞菌的流行病学调查和致病机制的深入研究奠定基础。  相似文献   

7.
致病性嗜水气单胞菌耐喹诺酮类药物菌株的分离鉴定   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
对吉林省内12个水域采集和送检的66尾病鱼进行了细菌分离鉴定，共检出46株嗜水气单胞菌疑似菌，通过生化试验结合PCR扩增气溶素基因Aer，确定其中22株为致病性嗜水气单胞菌。进一步采用纸片扩散法和双倍稀释法测定嗜水气单胞菌分离株对多种抗生素的耐药性，其中有4株对喹诺酮类药物耐药，并且为交叉耐药，耐药菌检出率为18．2％，纸片扩散法检测其对喹诺酮类药物的抑菌圈均小于19mm。将病料中分离的8株嗜水气单胞菌负染后电镜观察，耐药菌表面有许多大小不同的球形结构，而敏感菌表面则为细丝状菌毛结构。  相似文献   

8.
采用试管液体二倍稀释法测定中药五倍子对鳗鲡养殖中致病性气单胞菌(威隆气单胞菌K17、肠棕气单胞菌G03、豚鼠气单胞菌R37和嗜水气单胞菌G06)的最小抑菌浓度(MIC).然后再采用菌落计数法分别测定五倍子在0.25、0.5、1、2、4倍于各菌MIC时对鳗鲡4株致病性气单胞菌K17、G03、R37、G06的体外抗菌后效应(PAE).结果显示:五倍子在0.25、0.5、1、2、4倍MIC值时对鳗鲡4株致病性气单胞菌均具有一定的PAE,且PAE与药液浓度在一定范围内(0.25～4倍MIC)呈剂量依赖性,当药液浓度达4倍MIC时,PAE明显延长(P＜0.05);五倍子对各致病菌株K17、G03、R37、G06的PAE值在1倍MIC浓度以上差异显著(P＜0.05),在4倍MIC时对于致病菌株K17和R37的PAE之间差异较小.结论:试验结果提示,在养殖鳗鲡病害防治中设计投药方案,选用中药五倍子治疗由致病性气单胞菌感染所造成的烂鳃、肝胆肿大、败血症等疾病时,除了考虑药代动力学和MIC指标外,还应考虑PAE因素,可适当延长给药间隔时间,降低药物对鳗鲡的副作用及对其摄食量和生长的负面影响.  相似文献   

9.
本研究建立了快速检测鱼源副溶血性弧菌的BA-Dot-ELISA方法.用该法可检出每毫升接种10个菌,增菌18h的培养物.该法敏感性为10~4个/mL,比Dot-ELISA敏感10～100倍.不与溶藻性弧菌、亲水气单胞菌等13种杂菌发生交叉反应.增菌前杂菌多于副溶血性弧菌10~6时,对检测结果有影响.可在22～24h报告结果,比常规培养法快4～6d以该法对带鱼、小黄花鱼、马面鱼、鲤鱼等311份样本进行检测,检出率分别为47.0%、41.7%、14.8%和11.8%,与常规培养法相差不显著(P>0.05).生化试验复检结果表明,检出的阳性可凝菌株均为副溶血性弧菌.该法适用于在短时间内对大批样本的检测.  相似文献   

10.
研究了在池塘中泼洒/挂袋消毒剂二氧化氯(ClO2,有效氯含量8%)对草鱼(Ctenopharynodon idellus)养殖池塘内水体、底泥中异养细菌总活菌数变化影响。试验分4组,1#为3 750g/hm2全池泼洒,2#为3 750g/hm2挂袋,3#为7 500g/hm2泼洒,4#为7 500g/hm2挂袋。结果表明,3#的水体溶氧显著高于其余各组(P0.05)。在养殖水体和底泥中,2#异养菌数量最多。此外,1#、3#和4#中气单胞菌数量也低于2#,但彼此间差异不显著(P0.05)。池塘水体中的细菌主要由假单胞菌属、气单胞菌属、黄单胞菌属、黄杆菌属、产碱杆菌属、肠杆菌属和变形菌属等组成。其中假单胞菌、气单胞菌是主要的优势菌。底泥中异养菌主要由芽胞杆菌属、黄杆菌属、假单胞菌属、变形杆菌属、色杆菌属和肠杆菌属组成,其中芽胞杆菌、肠杆菌和假单胞菌等属优势菌。水体中细菌和底泥中异养菌的多样性指数在2#最高(P0.05)。本试验结果说明7 500g/hm2全池泼洒ClO2,可显著增加水体溶氧;3 750g/hm2全池泼洒ClO2,可降低水体和底泥中有害菌数量。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

14.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

15.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

16.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

17.
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.  相似文献   

18.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

19.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

20.
Comparison of different tests to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
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