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星形胶质细胞增生是朊病毒病早期的主要病理学特征.PrP106-126 (prion protein peptide 106-126)具神经毒性,导致星形胶质细胞增生.层黏连蛋白(laminin,LN)和纤黏连蛋白(fibronectin,FN)是星形胶质细胞胞外基质的主要成分.利用PrP106-126和PrP106-126制备的小胶质条件培养基(condi-tioned medium from microglia,MiCM)分别作用于体外培养的星形胶质细胞,应用RT-PCR和Westernblot技术探讨PrP106-126对星形胶质细胞的增殖及其胞内LN、FN表达的影响.试验分为5个处理(空白对照、Scr对照、PrP106-126、MiCM、MiCMPrP106-126).结果表明,PrP106-126可促进星形胶质细胞增殖、LN和FN的表达,但促增殖和FN表达作用有赖于活化小胶质细胞细胞因子的共同参与. 相似文献
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神经元死亡是朊病毒病的主要病理学特征。朊蛋白多肽PrP106-126能够对神经细胞表现神经毒性,引起细胞凋亡。细胞表面蛋白神经营养因子受体p75^NTR的胞外区域可以与PrP106-126结合并产生促凋亡作用。作者以小鼠成神经瘤细胞N2a为细胞模型,应用荧光定量RT-PCR和Western Blot技术,以及DNA Ladder和AnnexinV-FITC/PI双重染色流式细胞凋亡检测技术对p75^NTR介导的PrP106-126神经毒性分子机制进行了研究。结果发现在PrP106-126诱导的N2a细胞凋亡过程中,p75^NTR的mRNA转录水平和蛋白表达水平均显著升高,以p75^NTR多克隆抗体sc-6189阻断PrP 106-126与p75^NTR的相互作用后,减弱了PrP106-126诱导的N2a细胞凋亡效果。该研究揭示了PrP106-126诱导的N2a细胞毒性中p75^NTR受体的表达变化,为解释朊病毒病的发病机制提供了重要数据。 相似文献
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小胶质细胞活化是朊病的病理学特征之一。朊蛋白多肽PrP106—126具神经毒性,是研究异常腕蛋白（PrPSc）的理想工具。为探讨PrP106—126对小胶质细胞氧化压力的影响。本研究以小胶质细胞BV-2为细胞模型,PrP106—126作用48h,应用MTT和流式细胞仪检测细胞的活化情况,应用分子探针技术对细胞的氧化压力（reactiveoxygenspecies,ROs）进行检测,并通过荧光定量RT—PCR对与R0s相关的酶的mRNA表达进行了测定。结果表明PrPl06—126显著促进小胶质细胞BV-2的活化,并提高胞内的ROS水平;定量RT—PCR显示,PrP106—126显著降低细胞S0D-1（P〈0．01）表达水平、提高胞内Cat（P〈0．01）的表达水平;对Grx、Trx-1、和Trx-2mRNA的表达水平有升高的趋势,但未达到显著水平（P〉0．05）,对SOd-2、GPx、GR无显著性影响（P〉0．05）。从分子水平初步阐明小胶质细胞ROS升高的机理。 相似文献
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体外合成的人PrP106-126毒性多肽具有PrP~(Sc)类似的特性,如富含β折叠,具有部分蛋白酶抗性,可以在脑组织内沉积形成淀粉样斑块等等.因此PrP106-126可作为替代PrP~(Sc)研究TSE发病机制的理想模型.PrP106-126对神经元的损伤作用可能主要通过两种途径:一方面它可与神经元表面的相关受体相结合通过信号转导途径直接对神经元造成损伤,另一方面它可激活小胶质细胞产生炎性介质或NO等毒性物质间接引起神经元凋亡.激活的小胶质细胞主要产生IL-1β、TNF-α两种炎性介质,这两种细胞因子的持续产生可致使神经元凋亡.本研究旨在对PrP106-126多肽作用小胶质细胞过程中,IL-1β、TNF-α的mRNA表达量随时间变化的规律,为阐明TSE发病过程中,小胶质细胞促进神经元凋亡的作用机制提供基础数据,并为一定程度上抑制小胶质细胞激活,减轻其对神经元的损伤作用奠定理论基础. 相似文献
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BAT3过表达缓解由PrP106-126毒性多肽诱导的神经元凋亡 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《畜牧兽医学报》2015,(5)
拟检测BAT3蛋白过表达对由PrP106-126毒性多肽引起的神经元凋亡现象的影响。首先通过免疫荧光、CCK8细胞活性检测试剂盒和免疫印迹检测带FITC标签的PrP106-126-FITC毒性多肽的生物学毒性。分别用PrP106-126-FITC和PrP106-126神经毒性多肽处理原代神经元和Neuro2a细胞,通过免疫荧光技术和免疫印迹方法分别检测受刺激后的原代神经元和Neuro2a细胞中BAT3表达的变化情况。通过脂质体转染方法将已经构建好的pcDNA-3.1-HA-BAT3质粒转染进入原代神经元,用CCK8检测细胞活性;以同样方式将质粒转染进入小鼠神经瘤细胞系Neuro2a,用TUNEL凋亡检测试剂盒分析经BAT3转染或对照组的N2a细胞的凋亡水平;Western blot检测PrP106-126神经毒性多肽处理前后,胞质内细胞色素C和Bcl-2的变化,进一步了解BAT3在神经元凋亡中发挥作用的机制。结果显示,PrP106-126-FITC和PrP106-126神经毒性多肽具有相似的神经毒性。受到多肽刺激之后,无论在原代神经元还是传代细胞系Neuro2a中,BAT3都发生核输出现象,BAT3从细胞核转移进入细胞质。BAT3的过表达使受到PrP106-126毒性多肽刺激的神经元的细胞活性有所提高,Neuro2a的细胞凋亡现象减轻,同时抑制了由PrP106-126毒性多肽引起的细胞色素C的过度释放并且维持细胞内抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2的稳定。BAT3蛋白的表达缓解PrP106-126毒性多肽对神经细胞造成的凋亡现象,为进一步阐释该蛋白质对朊病毒引起的神经元损失的治疗作用机制提供了依据。 相似文献
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PrP106-126诱导的神经毒性机制仍不清楚。作者以小鼠成神经瘤细胞N2a为细胞模型,应用WesternBlot方法首次发现PrP106-126导致核转录因子NF-κB的亚单位p65蛋白转移到细胞核内,激活了NF-κB细胞信号分子。转核抑制剂NF-κB SN50预处理细胞减弱了PrP106-126诱导的NF-κB激活程度;并且DNA Ladder凋亡检测及Annexin V-FITC和PI双染流式细胞凋亡检测发现,NF-κB SN50能够抑制p65蛋白转核,在一定程度上也抑制了PrP106-126对N2a细胞的神经毒性效果。结果表明NF-κB信号分子参与了PrP106-126的神经毒性,且NF-κB信号分子的激活对N2a细胞具有促凋亡作用。PrP106-126激活N2a细胞NF-κB信号分子以及NF-κB促凋亡功能的体外研究对于阐明朊病毒病致病机理具有重要意义。 相似文献
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为建立有效的星形胶质细胞体外培养体系,并为体外研究星形胶质细胞的功能奠定基础,本试验于无菌条件下取新生1 d~3 d的SD大鼠的大脑皮质,经1.25 g/L胰酶消化及机械吹打分离细胞,差速贴壁处理以去除成纤维细胞,用含100 mL/L胎牛血清的DMEM/F12培养液培养。之后借助摇床振荡及传代的方法去除其他细胞,并以GFAP-FITC免疫荧光法对所获细胞进行鉴定。结果表明,分离培养的细胞具备典型的星形胶质细胞形态,并表达星形胶质细胞特异性抗原GFAP,纯化率达95%以上。试验表明上述方法可获得符合体外研究要求的星形胶质细胞。 相似文献
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为了研究重组人促红细胞生成素(rhEPO)对缺糖缺氧(OGD)培养大鼠星形胶质细胞GLT-1和GLAST表达的影响,将缺糖缺氧培养星形胶质细胞分成不同浓度rhEPO处理组:0、20、100U/mL,不同浓度rhEPO与星形胶质细胞在缺氧缺糖条件下培养6h,用RT-PCR测定GLT-1和GLAST的mRNA表达变化,免疫印迹技术测定GLT-1和GLAST蛋白的表达变化。20、100U/mL rhEPO星形胶质细胞GLT-1的mRNA和蛋白质水平较OGD对照组明显升高(P0.05),GLAST的mRNA和蛋白质水平变化不明显(P0.05)。GLT-1水平可能与rhEPO对缺糖缺氧培养大鼠星形胶质细胞的保护作用有关。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献