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1.
《中国兽医学报》2017,(7)
采用LPS人工复制仔猪发热模型,攻毒5h后按要求给于清开灵。监测各时间段的体温以及在0,5,30,72h各时段采血用ELISA法检测PGE2、cAMP、α-MSH和AVP的含量。结果显示:在注射LPS时,各组PGE2、cAMP、AVP、α-MSH的含量无显著性差异(P>0.05);在注射LPS 5h后,与空白组相比,模型组PGE2、cAMP、AVP和α-MSH的含量升高;在30h时,与模型组相比,清开灵各组PGE2、cAMP含量降低,AVP含量升高,且差异显著(P<0.05);在72h时,清开灵各组PGE2、cAMP、AVP和α-MSH的含量与空白组比较差异不显著(P>0.05)。体温与上述相关因子存在显著相关性。结果表明:清开灵有明显的解热作用,其机制可能是通过诸多调节因子共同调节的作用。 相似文献
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对板连败毒口服液(BBO)的解热作用及其可能的作用机制进行探索。48只清洁级新西兰大白兔随机分成6组(8只/组),分别为阴性对照组、阳性对照组、阳性药物组(布洛芬)、BBO低剂量组、BBO中剂量组、BBO高剂量组。阴性对照组家兔耳缘静脉注射生理盐水4mL/kg;其余各组家兔耳缘静脉注射330mL/L脱脂牛奶溶液4mL/kg建立发热模型。造模1h后,低、中、高剂量组分别灌胃给予BBO(0.6、1.2、2.5g/kg),连续3次,每次间隔1h;阳性药物组灌胃给予布洛芬水溶液(0.03g/kg)连续3次,阳性对照组与阴性对照组给予等体积灭菌生理盐水灌胃,连续3次,每次间隔1h。造模后每1h测定体温一次,连续监测5次,观察BBO对家兔发热的解热作用。监测完最后一次体温后麻醉家兔取下丘脑,ELISA检测下丘脑中与炎性发热相关因子,包括白介素-1β(IL-1β)、白介素-6(IL-6)、环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)和前列腺素E2(PGE2)等,探讨BBO的解热机制。结果表明,BBO能够显著降低家兔体温;能够显著降低下丘脑中IL-1β、IL-6、cAMP、PGE2的含量。BBO的解热机制可能与抑制下丘脑IL-1β、IL-6、PGE2等内生致热源从而降低cAPM分泌有关。 相似文献
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为探讨高脂饲喂对五指山猪血清中TNFα、IL-1β和IL-6含量以及脂肪组织中3个基因mRNA表达水平的影响,试验将12头体重(16.44±3.08)kg的4~5月龄五指山猪随机分为2组,分别饲喂基础饲粮和含3%胆固醇的高脂饲粮12个月,然后用ELISA方法检测其血清中3种细胞因子含量,采用q RT-PCR技术对其脂肪组织中TNFα、IL-1β和IL-6 mRNA进行定量。检测结果显示高脂饲喂后肥胖组五指山猪血清中TNFα、IL-6和IL-1β水平极显著或显著高于对照组,而且在肥胖组五指山猪皮脂与腹脂组织中TNFα、IL-6和IL-1βmRNA表达量也呈现同样的变化趋势。以上结果表明高脂饲喂通过上调血清和脂肪组织TNFα、IL-6和IL-1βmRNA的表达量而激活脂肪组织慢性炎症。 相似文献
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猪α干扰素对猪圆环病毒2型亚单位疫苗免疫效果的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了评估酵母表达的PCV2 Cap蛋白在猪体的免疫特性以及猪α干扰素对其的免疫佐剂效果,将酵母表达的PCV2 Cap蛋白配比适量的铝胶或重组猪α干扰素制成亚单位疫苗.30日龄仔猪分别接种铝胶佐剂亚单位疫苗和猪α干扰素佐剂亚单位疫苗,同时设攻毒对照与空白对照,首免后21 d加强免疫,二免后14 d用PCV2 JS株攻毒.铝胶佐剂亚单位疫苗免疫猪体后产生了PCV2特异性中和抗体.猪α干扰素佐剂亚单位疫苗组仔猪免疫后产生的ELISA抗体和中和抗体都显著高于铝胶亚单位疫苗组仔猪.攻毒对照组的4只仔猪攻毒后全都产生了病毒血症,并有较长时间的发热;铝胶亚单位疫苗组4头仔猪中只有1头仔猪产生病毒血症,添加猪α干扰素亚单位疫苗组的仔猪攻毒后都没有产生病毒血症.综合分析试验猪的病毒感染、临床表现和生产性能等情况表明Cap蛋白亚单位疫苗具有免疫保护效果,猪α干扰素可显著增强Cap蛋白亚单位疫苗接种仔猪的体液免疫反应,提高PCV-2 Cap蛋白亚单位疫苗免疫保护效果. 相似文献
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《中国饲料》2020,(6)
本研究比较了添加或不添加复合酶的酵母提取物日粮与抗生素日粮对感染大肠杆菌仔猪生长性能、免疫状态和肠道绒毛结构的变化。试验选择24d断奶的仔猪360头,随机分为6组,每组60头猪。试验处理包括阴性对照组、阳性对照组(断奶后7d进行大肠杆菌攻毒)、阳性对照+抗生素组、阳性对照+酵母提取物组、阳性对照+复合酶组以及阳性对照+酵母提取物+复合酶组。结果 :与阳性对照组相比,抗生素组显著改善仔猪日增重、采食量和饲料效率(P 0.05)。攻毒后6h,抗生素组血清尿素氮含量和TNF-α浓度较阳性对照组显著降低(P 0.05),而血小板数量显著提高(P 0.05)。攻毒48h后,抗生素组和复合酶+酵母提取物组血清尿素氮水平显著低于阳性对照组(P 0.05)。攻毒96h后,抗生素组较阳性对照组显著降低血清尿素氮浓度(P 0.05),显著提高十二指肠、空肠和回肠绒毛高度(P 0.05)。攻毒6h后,酵母提取物组(加或不加复合酶)较无酵母提取物组显著降低了血清TNF-α浓度,显著提高了血清IL-10浓度(P 0.05)。结论 :感染大肠杆菌断奶仔猪日粮添加酵母提取物对仔猪的影响与抗生素相似,即降低血清尿素氮、十二指肠和回肠绒毛萎缩以及下调血清促炎细胞因子浓度。 相似文献
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旨在研究葛根芩连汤预防及治疗感染大肠杆菌K_(88)小鼠的血常规、血液内毒素及炎性细胞因子含量的影响。统计小鼠的死亡率,血常规检测小鼠血液中白细胞、红细胞及血小板的变化,以及采用显色基质鲎试剂法和ELISA方法检测感染小鼠血液里内毒素及炎性因子TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6的含量变化。结果显示,预防试验中葛根芩连汤组小鼠死亡率为20%,治疗试验中葛根芩连汤组死亡率为30%,均极显著地低于模型组(P0.01),且与氟苯尼考组相比没有差异;葛根芩连汤组小鼠血液中白细胞指标均极显著地低于模型组(P0.01),红细胞及血小板指标均极显著地高于模型组(P0.01);葛根芩连汤组小鼠白细胞、中性粒细胞及血小板数目极显著的高于氟苯尼考组(P0.01),葛根芩连汤组小鼠内毒素及TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6的含量均极显著地低于模型组(P0.01)。结果表明:葛根芩连汤对感染大肠杆菌K_(88)小鼠具有预防与治疗作用,而且在抑制早期炎性因子的释放,降低机体炎症反应水平方面优于氟苯尼考。 相似文献
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为了解Nsp2Δ1882-2241缺失后弱化的高致病性PRRSV（TJM株）对宿主免疫学应答的刺激机理,本研究分析了免疫猪血清中的细胞因子及变化规律。将14头4周龄易感仔猪随机分为3组：第1组接种PRRSV TJM-F92株,为免疫组;第2组接种高致病性PRRSV TJ-F5毒株,为攻毒组;第3组不接种疫苗及病毒,为对照组。接种后28d,用TJ-F5毒株攻击试验猪,于不同时间点采集血样,用ELISA法测定血清中的PRRSV抗体、IL-2、IL-10、IL-12p40、TNF-α、IFN-α和IFN-β水平。结果显示：（1）与对照组和攻毒组相比,免疫组猪IL-12p40水平持续上调,于免疫后28d受PRRSV强毒攻击后,其水平开始缓慢降低,但仍高于攻毒后的对照组。（2）免疫组IL-2水平在接种疫苗后的前21d内无明显升高且低于攻毒组,在受到强毒攻击后其IL-2水平却有明显升高。（3）免疫组IL-10水平与对照组无明显差别,并在免疫14d后一直显著低于攻毒组（P〈0.01）。（4）免疫组接种疫苗后的前21d内,TNF-α水平保持稳定,28d明显上调。攻毒组TNF-α水平0～28d一直低于对照组,且在21d达到最低（P〈0.01）。免疫组在28d受强毒攻击后,其TNF-α水平下降且在攻毒7d时最为明显（P〈0.01）,此后恢复到正常水平。（5）免疫组免疫后28d时IFN-α水平升高,在受到强毒攻击后再次显著降低（P〈0.01）。免疫组IFN-β水平一直低于对照组和攻毒组,不因强毒攻击而变化。以上结果提示,IL-12上调在PRRSV免疫保护中起明显作用;另外,上调TNF-α及下调IL-10都是基因缺失疫苗发挥效力的潜在机制。 相似文献
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为了解促炎、抗炎细胞因子在小鼠LPS致炎模型中的动态变化,探讨中药方剂清温消热饮的抗炎治疗作用,采用酶联免疫法测定112例用LPS致小鼠急性炎症模型治疗过程中血清中促炎因子(TNF-α、IL-1β、PGE2)、抗炎因子(IL-10)含量。与LPS致小鼠急性炎症模型组比较:清温消热饮组在18、24 h血清中IL-1β含量明显降低,差异显著(P0.05);清温消热饮组在6、12、18 h血清中TNF-α含量明显降低,6、18 h差异显著(P0.05),12 h差异极显著(P0.01);清温消热饮组血清中的PGE2含量均低于模型组,在6、18、24、36 h时血清中的PGE2含量明显降低,差异极显著(P0.01);清温消热饮组在18、48 h血清中IL-10含量明显升高,差异极显著(P0.01)。同时,清温消热饮组与地塞米松组在各时间段血清中TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-10、PGE2含量无显著差异(P0.05)。结果表明,清温消热饮在急性炎症模型中能有效降低血清促炎因子TNF-α、IL-1β、PGE2含量水平,提升抗炎因子(IL-10)含量水平以表现出明显的抗炎作用。 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
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Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
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Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
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Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献
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Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
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The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
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H Hayashi T Yoshimura J Y Chen 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1985,8(2):73-87
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed. 相似文献
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Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ 
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下载免费PDF全文 S. Pashaei T. Ghoorchi A. Yamchi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(2):211-216
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed. 相似文献
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Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb
albumin
- ALT
alanine aminotransferase
- AST
aspartate aminotransferase
- BUN
blood urea nitrogen
- Chol
cholesterol
- Glob
globulin
- -GT
-glutamyl transpeptidase
- IP
inorganic phosphorus
- TP
total protein 相似文献