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为优化流感病毒受体特异性的检测方法,本研究利用霍乱弧菌神经氨酸酶(VCNA)对鸡红细胞(RBC)进行去唾液酸化处理后,再分别通过α2,3和α2,6唾液酸转移酶以CMP-唾液酸作为底物进行不同唾液酸受体的标记,使其分别仅含SAα2,3Gal和SA2,6Gal受体,利用血凝试验和流式细胞仪检测其标记效果。流式检测结果显示,经过α2,3唾液酸转移酶处理的红细胞只含有SAα2,3唾液酸受体,而α2,6唾液酸转移酶只将SAα2,6唾液酸受体标记到红细胞表面。将两种红细胞分别经过人流感病毒和禽流感病毒的检测,表明该方法可以快速鉴定流感病毒的受体特异性。本研究所建立的流感病毒受体特异性标记和检测方法为流感病毒宿主嗜性范围的检测提供了一种有效的技术手段。 相似文献
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为了解SPF鸡体内各组织中流感病毒唾液酸受体分布状况,本研究采用凝集素免疫荧光组织染色的方法,系统检测了流感病毒唾液酸受体在SPF鸡呼吸系统、消化系统以及其它系统各组织中的分布,并进行半定量分析。结果表明,大部分组织中均同时存在唾液酸α2,3-半乳糖受体与唾液酸α2,6-半乳糖受体,只有少部分组织仅存在其中一种受体,这种受体分布的广泛性与流感病毒组织噬性相一致;但鼻甲与喉头中唾液酸受体明显低于许多其他组织,这也表明不能简单的通过唾液酸受体的有无或者密度高低来判定病毒在各组织中的实际分布与复制增殖情况,或许还有其他机制参与了病毒入侵与增殖的过程。 相似文献
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《中国兽医杂志》2019,(6)
肠黏膜微血管内皮细胞在肠道中广泛存在,为研究流感病毒唾液酸α2,3半乳糖(SAα2,3Gal)和α2,6半乳糖(SAα2,6Gal)两种受体在肠黏膜微血管内皮细胞表面的表达情况,本试验利用植物凝集素免疫荧光染色方法和流式细胞术分别进行了定性和定量分析。结果显示,大鼠肠黏膜微血管内皮细胞(RIM-MVECs)表面同时表达唾液酸α2,3-半乳糖和α2,6-半乳糖两种受体,即同时表达人流感病毒受体和禽流感病毒受体,并且唾液酸α2,6半乳糖的表达量显著高于α2,3半乳糖受体的表达量。该试验结果表明,RIM-MVECs可以被人源和禽源流感病毒感染,且更易被人源流感病毒感染。 相似文献
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目前临床所用控制流感病毒的药物和疫苗受到病毒耐药性、疫苗滞后性等诸多因素的限制,使能阻止病毒侵入宿主细胞的抑制剂成为当前研究的热点。唾液酸是流感病毒囊膜表面血凝素（HA）的受体,但研究表明唾液酸并不适合作为研制流感病毒侵入宿主细胞抑制剂的结构模型。研究发现流感病毒的HA 受体结合位点必须外露才能与宿主细胞受体结合,因此 HA 受体结合位点可以被宿主免疫系统监视,成为抗体潜在的靶向契合位点。随后发现的 HA 受体结合位点抗体能与 HA 受体结合位点的保守氨基酸残基结合,能有效阻止流感病毒感染宿主。因此,可用 HA 受体结合位点抗体作为流感病毒感染抑制剂的模型,研制流感病毒抑制剂。论文就流感病毒 HA 的分子结构和功能,HA 结合受体的机制,HA 受体结合位点抗体以及该类抗体对流感病毒的抑制效果进行了阐述,以期对以 HA 受体结合位点抗体为模型研制流感病毒感染抑制剂提供帮助。 相似文献
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流感病毒的血凝素(HA)与宿主细胞表面糖链末端唾液酸(SA)的结合对流感病毒感染宿主起着至关重要的作用。禽流感病毒对SAα2-3Galβ糖链以及人流感病毒对SAα2-6Galβ糖链的结合特异性使跨种属传播受阻,但不同的流感病毒在猪和陆地家禽等中间宿主体内发生基因重配作用后,可使部分禽流感病毒获得适应性感染人的能力,另一方面,流感病毒自身的基因突变,尤其是受体结合部位周围的特定位点,可导致流感病毒受体结合特异性发生转变,而病毒的变异伴随着自身糖修饰和抗原表位的改变,使机体对其免疫识别结合的能力也随之发生变化。这些分子水平的改变都将对病毒相关的宿主受体结合和免疫应答反应产生影响。 相似文献
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粘病毒的受体 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
副粘病毒感染细胞时,病毒首先是与靶细胞上的特异性受体结合,依靠膜融合进行细胞。副粘病毒与细胞结合并诱导细胞融合主要是由病毒囊膜的两个糖蛋白介导的。受体在病毒感染细胞过程中起很重要的作用。有的细胞不存在一种病毒的特异性受体,就对此种病毒有抵抗力。大多数副粘病毒共同使用唾液酸受体、无唾液酸受体、血型糖蛋白受体的和糖脂受体。无唾液酸受体是仙台病毒等病毒的受体,主要存在肝细胞的表面,它的特异性和肝细胞的位置为肝病的治疗提供新的途径。人们根据仙划性地与肝细胞无唾液酸受体结合并且诱导细胞融合,从而进入靶细胞中的作用机制,研究开发了一种新的治疗肝脏的基因载体转运系统。不仅探索一条转运药物的融合基因的途径,也探索一条治疗肝脏的新途径。深入研究副粘病毒的细胞受体,可以制作受体模拟分子、受体配体模拟分子等以阻断病毒感染,阻止病毒与受体的结合不人为一条防治新城疫、犬瘟热等传染病的可行而有效的途径。 相似文献
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为研究胎羊肾细胞用于H1N1亚型流感病毒增殖的可能性,采用胰酶消化法从胎羊肾组织中分离肾细胞进行传代培养,并采用间接免疫荧光法检测细胞表面的流感病毒受体,采用直接血凝法测定病毒培养物的血凝价。结果表明,该细胞表面有较丰富的流感病毒受体,且α2,6-Gal受体的含量明显高于犬肾细胞(MDCK);用该细胞培养H1N1亚型流感病毒,其病毒培养物的血凝价达到29～210,略高于MDCK细胞的毒价;该细胞在体外连续传10代,其病毒培养物的血凝价没有明显改变。以上结果初步表明胎羊肾细胞可用于H1N1亚型流感病毒的增殖。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献