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《中国动物传染病学报》2018,(6)
本研究从养殖场采集的污水样品中分离到宽噬菌谱肠出血性大肠杆菌烈性噬菌体V_EcoM_C1,并进行了噬菌斑、噬菌谱、形态学(透射电镜)、遗传物质、酸碱及热稳定性、一步生长曲线等生物学特性及控制养殖环境中的肠出血性大肠杆菌的污染研究。结果表明:噬菌体V_EcoM_C1呈现出典型裂解性噬菌体特征,空斑透亮,无晕环,空斑边缘整齐清晰;噬菌体V_EcoM_C1噬菌斑直径为1.0～1.5 mm;噬菌体V_EcoM_C1头部椭圆形,长径约86 nm,横径约54 nm;噬菌体V_EcoM_C1具有可收缩性尾,尾长约76 nm,直径约10 nm,头部与尾部被颈圈隔开;噬菌体V_EcoM_C1可裂解5种不同血清型肠出血性大肠杆菌,且噬菌斑透亮,具有较宽噬菌谱;噬菌体V_EcoM_C1在30℃～50℃保持高活性;噬菌体V_EcoM_C1在pH5～10稳定;噬菌体V_EcoM_C1感染宿主菌的潜伏期约10 min,爆发持续时间约60 min,平均爆发量为26,具有较高的裂解活性;噬菌体V_EcoM_C1可以控制养殖环境中的肠出血性大肠杆菌证明该噬菌体可以有效杀灭养殖环境(奶牛料槽表面)中的肠出血性大肠杆菌。综上所述,V_EcoM_C1为1株宽噬菌谱肠出血性大肠杆菌烈性噬菌体,可用于肠出血性大肠杆菌噬菌体制剂的研发。 相似文献
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本研究采用双层琼脂平板法从现代化肉鸡养殖场采集的粪便、污水和垫料样品中分离宽噬菌谱鸡白痢沙门氏菌烈性噬菌体,并通过透射电子显微镜观察、噬菌谱分析、热稳定性、pH稳定性、最佳感染复数及一步生长曲线等对分离纯化的噬菌体进行生物学特性分析。结果显示,试验成功分离纯化出一株鸡白痢沙门氏菌噬菌体,命名STP98-a。该噬菌体噬菌斑直径4~5 mm,圆形透明,无晕圈,其头部偏椭圆形,长径约61 nm,横径约67 nm,尾长约112 nm,直径约10 nm,属于长尾噬菌体科;能裂解不同血清型鸡白痢沙门氏菌和肠炎沙门氏菌肠亚种,噬菌谱宽;在30~60℃保持高活性;在pH 3.0~12.0稳定;最佳感染复数为0.001;一步生长曲线结果显示,其感染宿主菌潜伏期为5 min,裂解期为135 min,裂解量为93。综上所述,STP98-a为一株宽噬菌谱鸡白痢沙门氏菌烈性噬菌体,可用于鸡白痢沙门氏菌噬菌体制剂的研发。 相似文献
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1株宽噬菌谱鸡白痢沙门氏菌噬菌体的分离及生物学特性分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本研究采用双层琼脂平板法从现代化肉鸡养殖场采集的粪便、污水和垫料样品中分离宽噬菌谱鸡白痢沙门氏菌烈性噬菌体,并通过透射电子显微镜观察、噬菌谱分析、热稳定性、pH稳定性、最佳感染复数及一步生长曲线等对分离纯化的噬菌体进行生物学特性分析。结果显示,试验成功分离纯化出一株鸡白痢沙门氏菌噬菌体,命名STP98-a。该噬菌体噬菌斑直径4~5mm,圆形透明,无晕圈,其头部偏椭圆形,长径约61nm,横径约67nm,尾长约112nm,直径约10nm,属于长尾噬菌体科;能裂解不同血清型鸡白痢沙门氏菌和肠炎沙门氏菌肠亚种,噬菌谱宽;在30~60℃保持高活性;在pH 3.0~12.0稳定;最佳感染复数为0.001;一步生长曲线结果显示,其感染宿主菌潜伏期为5min,裂解期为135min,裂解量为93。综上所述,STP98-a为一株宽噬菌谱鸡白痢沙门氏菌烈性噬菌体,可用于鸡白痢沙门氏菌噬菌体制剂的研发。 相似文献
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泛耐药菌和多重耐药菌的检出率不断上升，噬菌体在防控治疗耐药菌的传播和感染上有良好的应用前景。本研究旨在利用耐药菌株分离出宽裂解谱温和噬菌体，丰富了沙门菌温和噬菌体库。利用丝裂霉素C诱导、分离纯化出1株温和性噬菌体，命名为Salmonella virus PEA2-3,测定其部分生物学特性并进行生物信息学分析。透射电镜观察显示，噬菌体头部宽约为61 nm,尾长93 nm,属于有尾噬菌体目(Caudovirales)、罗斯蒙特病毒属(Rosemountvirus);最佳感染复数为0.01;一步生长曲线显示潜伏期为20 min,裂解期约为80 min;能够裂解不同来源的沙门菌(38/72)及大肠杆菌(23/52),是1株宽裂解谱的溶原性噬菌体，具有较好的应用价值。基因组测序结果显示，该噬菌体基因组全长52 770 bp, GC含量为45.99%,基因组共注释到73个CDS,8个CDS被赋予已知功能蛋白，不存在抗生素抗性基因或者毒力基因。噬菌体PEA2-3全基因组提交至NCBI的GenBank数据库，获得序列号为MW508890。结果显示，这是1株能同时裂解大肠杆菌与沙门菌的宽裂解谱高效价温和... 相似文献
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裂解性噬菌体能够特异性裂解细菌,本研究分析了一株从自然界中分离的宽宿主谱裂解性大肠杆菌噬菌体的种属和进化关系。前期用Adams双层平板琼脂法从猪场污水中分离纯化出一株裂解性噬菌体v B_Eco M_JS09,裂解谱分析能够裂解禽致病性大肠杆菌和产肠毒素大肠杆菌。扩增分析gene18、gene 23序列,并根据gp18和gp23氨基酸序列构建系统进化树,分析JS09的遗传进化关系。结果表明噬菌体v B_Eco M_JS09基因组为ds DNA,属于有尾噬菌体目、肌尾噬菌体科、T4-like噬菌体、T-evens亚群。其gp18氨基酸序列与大肠杆菌噬菌体RB69同源性最高,为100%;gp23氨基酸序列与大肠杆菌T4噬菌体同源性最高为96%。该结果为禽致病性大肠杆菌和产肠毒素大肠杆菌的防控提供了生物学基础。 相似文献
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【目的】 探究大肠杆菌噬菌体BP16对O2血清型禽致病性大肠杆菌感染引起的鸡大肠杆菌病的防治效果, 以及噬菌体BP16的最佳治疗剂量。【方法】 将O2血清型禽致病性大肠杆菌新鲜培养物稀释成5×1010、5×109、5×108、5×107和5×106 CFU/mL 5个浓度梯度, 以测定禽致病性大肠杆菌的半数致死量(LD50), 确定其感染剂量; 选取常用的对革兰阴性菌有抑菌或杀菌作用的药敏纸片进行药敏试验, 筛选出阳性对照药物; 经无菌试验和安全性试验确定噬菌体裂解液的无菌性及安全性, 用于后续试验。将80只雏鸡随机分为5个试验组与3个对照组, 试验组在雏鸡攻毒前后不同时间腹腔注射大肠杆菌噬菌体BP16, 3个对照组分别腹腔注射氟苯尼考、大肠杆菌菌液、生理盐水, 其余条件一致, 连续饲养7 d, 记录雏鸡的死亡率, 评价大肠杆菌噬菌体BP16对大肠杆菌人工感染试验鸡的防治效果。【结果】 O2血清型大肠杆菌的LD50为1.5×108 CFU/mL, 筛选出氟苯尼考作为阳性对照药物, 噬菌体裂解液中无菌, 噬菌体悬液对雏鸡安全, 可用于后续防治试验。雏鸡感染大肠杆菌前6 h使用噬菌体能有效预防大肠杆菌病, 在感染同时至感染后6 h内使用噬菌体, 能有效治疗大肠杆菌病, 且噬菌体治疗效果优于氟苯尼考; 当大肠杆菌攻毒剂量为1.5×108 CFU时, 噬菌体剂量为1.5×109 PFU时治疗效果为最佳。【结论】 大肠杆菌噬菌体BP16对大肠杆菌病具有防治作用, 本研究为进一步应用噬菌体防治大肠杆菌病及开发大肠杆菌噬菌体制剂提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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驴源大肠杆菌噬菌体的分离鉴定与生物学特性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2020,(17)
为了研究驴源大肠杆菌性腹泻的治疗方法,试验采用双层平板法从驴粪便中分离并纯化出1株大肠杆菌噬菌体(DE5),对分离到的噬菌体进行效价、裂解谱、最佳感染复数的测定以及形态观察,绘制噬菌体的一步生长曲线,并进行宿主菌的体外裂解试验,此外还研究了噬菌体对温度、pH值、紫外线和氯仿的耐受性。结果表明:噬菌体DE5为短尾噬菌体,形成均匀透亮的蚀斑,效价能达2.4×10~9 pfu/mL,对驴源大肠杆菌的裂解率达32.6%;最佳感染复数为0.000 01;噬菌体潜伏期为15 min,爆发期为20 min,爆发量约为100 pfu/个;噬菌体对温度的耐受性良好,耐强碱但不耐酸;在短时间内对紫外线具有耐受性,对氯仿不敏感。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献