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1.
Muscle fat stores at slaughter partly determine the dietetic and sensory quality traits of pork meat. Nutritional strategies during the growing-finishing period are able to modify intramuscular fat content; however, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. The objective of this study was to determine some of the cellular, biochemical, and molecular bases of muscle fat content variation in response to feeding regimen in pigs. Crossbred pigs of 30 kg BW were allocated to three feeding groups: free access ([C], n = 10) to a standard diet (3.25 kcal of DE/kg, 9.5 g of lysine/kg), standard diet at 75% of the spontaneous voluntary intake ([FR], n = 10), or both low protein and energy intakes ([PR], n = 10) in order to get the same growth rate as the FR pigs and the same body composition as the C pigs. At slaughter (110 kg BW), FR and PR pigs were 30 d older than C pigs (P < 0.001). In agreement with the protocol, carcass adiposity was similar in PR and reduced (P < 0.01) in FR pigs compared with C animals. Lipid content in longissimus lumborum muscle was reduced by 25% in FR pigs and increased by 40% in PR pigs compared to C pigs (P < 0.001). Commensurate variations in the diameter of muscle adipocytes were observed between the three feeding groups (P < 0.001). The muscle activities of malic enzyme and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, generating reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate for fatty acid synthesis, were depressed (P < 0.05) in both FR and PR groups, compared to the C group. The expression level of the sterol regulatory element binding protein that was chosen as the putative candidate at the molecular level was not modified by the feeding regimen. No variations in the oxidative enzyme markers were denoted, whereas lactate dehydrogenase activity was reduced by 13% (P < 0.05) in PR group compared to other groups. In conclusion, moderate long-term feed restriction results in decreased lipogenic capacity of muscle adipocytes and intramuscular fat content. In contrast, the reduction of both protein and energy intakes more likely results in an imbalance between multiple aspects of muscle energy metabolism, in favor of intramuscular fat accretion.  相似文献   

2.
后备荣昌母猪适宜消化能和赖氨酸需要量研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
旨在探讨研究35～55 kg后备荣昌母猪适宜日粮消化能(DE)与表观可消化赖氨酸(ADLys)水平。选用(34.45±4.53)kg后备荣昌母猪216头,随机分为12个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复3头。采用3×4因子设计,日粮DE分别为11.72、12.34和12.97 MJ/kg,ADLys分别为0.43%、0.53%、0.63%和0.73%。结果表明:随着日粮DE水平的提高,试验猪日增重显著提高(P0.05),饲料增重比显著降低(P0.05),P2背膘厚显著增加(P0.01),母猪发情率呈现上升趋势(P0.1)。日粮Lys水平提高使血清尿素氮含量呈现上升趋势(P0.1)。在本试验条件下,35～55 kg后备荣昌母猪适宜日粮DE和ADLys水平分别为12.97MJ/kg和0.43%。  相似文献   

3.
为研究日粮消化能水平和赖氨酸与消化能比值对荣昌猪胴体品质的影响,试验选用96头荣昌阉公猪(20±2)kg,当试验猪平均体重达到90kg时进行屠宰。结果表明:日粮消化能水平提高,荣昌猪的饲料转化率显著(P<0.05)提高;肩、腰、荐三点均膘厚显著(P<0.05)增加,失水率显著提高(P<0.05),24h时的pH值也有增加的趋势(P>0.05);随着赖氨酸与消化能比的增加,1h和24h的pH值均显著增加(P<0.05),肌内脂肪含量显著降低(P<0.05),眼肌面积有增加的趋势(P>0.05),并且消化能水平和赖氨酸与消化能比值存在交互作用。  相似文献   

4.
选择初始体重约20kg的长白×荣昌杂交猪72头,随机分为3个处理,研究日粮能量水平对生长育肥猪脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)和激素敏感酯酶(HSL)活性及基因表达量的影响。日粮消化能分别为11.75MJ/kg(低能量组)、13.05MJ/kg(中能量组)和14.36MJ/kg(高能量组)。试验猪体重达到100kg时屠宰。结果表明:与低能量组相比,中能量组和高能量组的脂肪组织、肝脏组织和肌肉组织的FAS活性显著提高(P<0.05),而HSL活性明显降低,并且FAS和HSL活性具有组织差异性,脂肪组织中活性最高,肝脏组织中的活性其次,肌肉组织中的活性最低;与低能量组相比,中能量组和高能量组的脂肪组织和肌肉组织的FASmRNA表达量均明显提高,HSLmRNA表达量均显著降低(P<0.05)。本研究结果初步表明,能量水平调控脂肪沉积可能是通过调节FAS和HSL的活性及基因表达量来实现的。  相似文献   

5.
营养水平对育肥后期三江白猪肌肉品质的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为研究不同营养水平对育肥后期三江白猪肌肉品质的影响.试验采用二次正交旋转组合设计法,以能量、蛋白质和赖氨酸为3因素,选择体重(69.74±0.87)kg的育肥后期三江白猪207头,按体重、性别一致原则平均分成23组,其中14个试验组,9个零水平组,每组3个重复,每个重复3头猪.试验猪100 kg时屠宰.结果显示:能量为育肥后期三江白猪滴水损失、嫩度、肌内脂肪含量的最重要影响因素,蛋白质次之;对pH1调节的重要因素为赖氨酸水平;对pH24调节的重要因素为蛋白质水平.滴水损失、嫩度和肌内脂肪含量的最优营养组合均为DE13.98MJ/kg、CP 14.00%、Lys 0.65%.低蛋白质、高赖氨酸水平和高蛋白质、低赖氨酸水平使肌内脂肪含量较低,随蛋白质和赖氨酸水平的分别提高和降低,或分别降低和提高均会使肌内脂肪含量提高.  相似文献   

6.
营养水平对DLY杂交猪肉质性状及H-FABP基因表达的影响   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
将24头起始重为(64.24±2.66)kg的健康DLY杂交猪随机分为2个处理,分别饲喂高、低营养水平的日粮,研究高、低营养水平对育肥猪肉质性状及H-FABP基因表达的影响。结果表明:与低营养水平相比,高营养水平提高了日增重(P=0.273)和饲料报酬(P=0.001);降低营养水平可提高H-FABP基因表达量(P=0.288)和IMF含量(P=0.09),增加肉的嫩度(P=0.026);降低营养水平,还提高了肌肉组织中苹果酸脱氢酶和脂蛋白脂酶的活性(P>0.05)。因此,营养水平可以影响肌肉组织脂肪代谢和H-FABP基因的表达。  相似文献   

7.
Two experiments were conducted to investigate the relationships between amino acids and DE for pigs weighing 20 to 50 kg. In Exp. 1, there were three dietary lysine levels that were either adjusted (1.50, 2.35 and 3.20 g/Mcal DE) for five DE levels (3.00 to 4.00 Mcal/kg) or unadjusted (.45, .71 and .96% of the diet) for three DE levels (3.50 to 4.00 Mcal/kg). In Exp. 2, diets containing six lysine:DE ratios (1.90 to 3.90 g/Mcal) at two DE levels (3.25 and 3.75 Mcal/kg) were fed. Pigs were housed individually, and could eat and drink ad libitum. When pigs weighed 50 kg, their empty body composition was determined by the urea dilution technique in Exp. 1 and by prediction equations based on backfat in Exp. 2. For the adjusted diets in Exp. 1, protein deposition and protein deposition:DE intake increased (P less than .01) slightly as DE levels increased. These criteria decreased linearly (P less than .001), and fat deposition increased (P = .11) as DE increased when lysine:DE ratios were not maintained. As lysine levels increased, protein deposition and protein deposition: DE intake increased (P less than .001) in both the adjusted and unadjusted diets. In Exp. 2, there was no effect of DE on either the rate or efficiency of protein deposition. Both protein deposition and protein deposition:DE intake increased (P less than .001) and fat deposition decreased as lysine:DE ratios increased up to 3.00 g lysine/Mcal DE. Protein deposition: lysine intake decreased (P less than .01) progressively as the lysine:DE ratio increased. Regression analyses indicated the protein deposition increased up to 3.00 g lysine/Mcal DE. The results demonstrate the need to adjust lysine according to energy levels and indicate that the optimum ratio for protein deposition was approximately 3.00 g lysine/Mcal DE (or 49 g of balanced protein/Mcal DE).  相似文献   

8.
营养水平对荣昌猪肌内脂肪、脂肪酸含量的影响研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
试验选用84头10 kg左右荣昌阉公猪,随机分成2组,每组6个重复,每个重复7头猪,在参照中国瘦肉型猪饲养标准(高营养水平组)、荣昌猪(GB 7223—1987)饲养标准(低营养水平组)配制的2种日粮饲喂条件下,研究日粮营养水平对生长肥育期荣昌阉公猪肌内脂肪、脂肪酸含量及组成的影响。结果表明:本试验条件下,营养水平对生长育肥阶段荣昌猪肌内脂肪含量无显著影响;高营养水平组显著提高荣昌猪35 kg时硬脂酸含量(P0.05)和20 kg时亚麻酸含量(P0.05);荣昌猪的饱和脂肪酸、不饱和脂肪酸和必需脂肪酸含量,高低营养水平组在各个体重阶段差异均不显著(P0.05)。  相似文献   

9.
为探究藏猪和大约克猪肌节线粒体肌酸激酶2（creatine kinase,mitochondrial 2,CKMT2）基因多态性位点及其在各组织中的表达差异,试验采用Sanger测序法对藏猪（50头）和大约克猪（60头）CKMT2基因起始密码子上游1 000 bp区域进行单核苷酸多态性（single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP）筛选与基因分型;180日龄藏猪和大约克猪（各10头）屠宰后分别采集心脏、背脂和背最长肌组织,采用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测CKMT2基因在各组织中的表达水平。结果显示,在CKMT2基因起始密码子上游1 000 bp区域,筛选到5个SNPs位点：G-357A、T-469C、G-649T、A-784G和A-953G,且藏猪与大约克猪等位基因频率差异明显。转录因子预测发现,这些SNPs位点与骨骼肌生长发育、肌肉能量代谢、抗缺氧有关。藏猪CKMT2基因在背最长肌和心脏组织中的mRNA表达量极显著高于大约克猪（P<0.01）,在背脂中的mRNA表达量极显著低于大约克猪（P<0.01）,推测CKMT2基因具有正向调控抗低氧和肌肉组织生成、负向调控脂肪生成的作用,该分析结果与藏猪和大约克猪的品种特性相吻合。本试验结果为进一步探索猪生长发育、脂肪沉积和低氧适应性提供了一定的新思路。  相似文献   

10.
试验以体重为(13±1)kg的健康含野猪血液为75%的特种野猪为试验动物,采用2(能量)×3(赖氨酸)因子完全交叉设计,研究不同能量、赖氨酸水平对特种野猪生长期生产性能及胴体品质的影响。试验结果表明:①在生长性能方面,不同能量、赖氨酸水平对末重、料重比均有显著影响(P<0.05),且对平均日增重有极显著的影响(P<0.01),对平均日采食量和总采食量均有极显著的影响(P<0.01)。②在屠宰性能方面,不同能量、赖氨酸对屠宰率、背膘厚和瘦肉率有显著影响,对胴体体长和眼肌面积均无显著影响(P>0.05)。综合各项指标,当能量12.5 MJ/kg、赖氨酸为1.0%时,特种野猪生长最好,屠宰性能最佳。  相似文献   

11.
In order to explore the polymorphism site and difference of expression level of creatine kinase,mitochondrial 2 (CKMT2) gene in muscle segments of Tibetan and Yorkshire pigs,in this experiment,Sanger sequencing method was used to screen and genotype the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) in the 1 000 bp region upstream of the initiation codon of CKMT2 gene in 50 Tibetan and 60 Yorkshire pigs.The expression of CKMT2 gene was detected by Real-time quantitative PCR in heart,back fat and longissimus dorsi muscle of 180-day-old of 10 Tibetan and 10 Yorkshire pigs.The results showed that 5 SNPs (G-357A,T-469C,G-649T,A-784G and A-953G) were found in the upstream 1 000 bp region of the initiation codon of CKMT2 gene,the allele frequency of Tibetan pigs at all sites were significantly different from those of Yorkshire pigs.These SNPs were related to skeletal muscle growth and development,muscle energy metabolism and anti-hypoxia.The mRNA expression of CKMT2 gene in longissimus dorsi muscle and heart of Tibetan pigs were extremely significantly higher than Yorkshire pigs (P<0.01),and the mRNA expression in back fat of Tibetan pigs was extremely significantly lower than Yorkshire pig (P<0.01),which indicated that CKMT2 gene could positively regulate anti-hypoxia and muscle tissue production,and negatively regulate fat production,the analysis results were consistent with the breed characteristics of Tibetan and Yorkshire pigs.This experiment results provided some new ideas for further exploration of pig growth and development,fat deposition and hypoxia adaptability.  相似文献   

12.
Eight replicates of four Large White littermate female pigs were used to evaluate the effect of protein and lysine levels in the diet on the efficiency of protein and energy utilization. In each replicate, one pig was slaughtered at about 20 kg live weight and the others received three diets that contained (per Mcal digestible energy) 37.5 and 2.00 g (diet pl), 37.5 and 2.35 g (diet pL) or 45.0 and 2.35 g (diet PL) of digestible protein and lysine, respectively. Pigs were slaughtered after a 7-wk period. Tissue and chemical composition of the gain and energy and nitrogen gain were determined by using the comparative slaughter technique. Metabolizable energy (ME) intakes were similar in the treatments. Pigs fed the pl diet had a smaller body weight and muscle gain and retained less nitrogen and more lipids than pigs fed pL and PL diets. The decrease in the level of nonessential nitrogen in the diet (pL vs PL) did not affect body weight and muscle gain and the amount of nitrogen retained in muscle tissues. However, pigs given the PL diet had a higher total nitrogen retention and a lower fat deposition and exhibited a higher heat production. For each gram of additional protein catabolized for energy purposes (PL vs pL), heat production was increased by 1.8 kcal. The amount of lysine per unit of muscle gain (38 g/kg) or protein deposited (120 g/kg) was independent of protein and lysine levels in the diet. Estimates of energy (indirect calorimetry) and nitrogen (balance technique) retention were also obtained on the same animals; results were comparable with data obtained by direct measurements.  相似文献   

13.
用2个蛋白水平和2个赖蛋比值作2×2析因设计,将32头始重25公斤的长白×北黑F_1代猪随机分成4组,每组8头,进行饲养试验;将16头阉公猪也分为4组,每组4头,进行N—平衡试验,研究了以玉米—豆饼为基础的饲粮蛋白质和赖蛋比水平对猪在20—60公斤和60—90公斤两个体重阶段的生产性能,氮沉积和90公斤时胴体品质的影响。粗蛋白由16—14％降至14—12％时极显著降低了胴体瘦肉率、背最长肌蛋白含量和日氮沉积量,提高了背膘厚,对增重和饲料效率等无明显影响。赖蛋比4.5—4.5％提高到5.0—4.5％,除降低 日采食量、增重和屠宰率(P<0.05)外,对其余指标均无影响。本试验结果表明:长×北F_1代瘦肉猪饲粮适宜粗蛋白为16—14％,赖蛋比为4.5—4.5％。  相似文献   

14.
This study was designed to investigate the effects of dietary lysine level on the intramuscular fat content of the longissimus in finishing pigs reared at two environmental temperatures. Seventy-two hybrid gilts were individually penned and given ad libitum access to either a diet formulated to meet their lysine requirement (6.4 g/kg lysine) or a lysine-deficient diet (4.8 g/kg). Pigs were held at one of two environmental temperatures (thermoneutral [18 degrees C] or hot [32 degrees C]). The study was carried out between approximately 90 and 126 kg live weight; pigs in the thermoneutral and hot environments were on test for 5 and 7 wk, respectively. There were no interactions between dietary lysine level and environmental temperature. Dietary lysine content did not influence feed intake or average daily gain; however, pigs on the lysine-deficient diet had a poorer gain:feed ratio than those fed to requirement (P < .01). High environmental temperature decreased feed intake (P < .001) and average daily gain (P < .01) but improved gain:feed ratio (P < .01). Backfat at the 10th rib was increased and loin eye area and estimated percentage lean in the carcass were decreased for pigs on the lysine-deficient diet. The higher environmental temperature resulted in an increase in carcass length but had no effect on other carcass measurements or intramuscular fat. Feeding the lysine-deficient diet resulted in an increase of .55 percentage unit in longissimus intramuscular fat content (P < .01); however, there was no difference in subjective marbling scores between the diets. Warner-Bratzler shear force values were not affected by dietary lysine level or environmental temperature. Results from this study suggest that feeding of lysine-deficient diets at the end of the finishing period can increase intramuscular fat deposition under thermoneutral and hot conditions.  相似文献   

15.
In a 2 × 2 × 3 factorial experiment 144 Large White pigs were individually fed, between 25 and 90 kg live weight, maize (M) or barley (B) based diets in ground (g) or micronized (m) forms at three different levels of digestible energy (DE) intake. Relative to live weight all pigs received similar daily quantities of crude protein and total lysine. At the lowest energy intake (L) each gram of crude protein was fed with 74J of DE: at the two other intakes the DE was increased by 10.5% (E) and 21.0% (H). The daily intake of total lysine was 4.8% of the crude protein intake. In formulating the diets the difference in DE content between gM and gB was taken as 16.7% and the differences between mM and gM and mB and gB were taken as 6.4% and 4.3% respectively.There were no significant first- or second-order interactions for growth rates or carcass composition data. The B and g based diets induced growth rates which were significantly greater than the M and m based diets by 2.7% and 4.6% respectively. There were no significant differences between cereals or processing treatments in carcass composition. Increasing energy intake significantly increased growth rates and killing-out percentages but decreased eye muscle areas and lean percentages in the carcass.  相似文献   

16.
Sixty male and 60 female crossbred pigs were allocated to an experiment to investigate the effects of porcine somatotropin (pST) administration (0 or 6 mg/d) and dietary lysine content on growth performance, tissue deposition, and carcass characteristics over the live weight range of 80 to 120 kg. Pigs receiving pST were given diets containing 6.9, 7.8, 8.8, 9.7, 10.6, or 11.5 g lysine/kg, whereas control pigs received diets containing 4.8, 5.8, 6.9, 7.8, 8.8 or 9.7 g lysine/kg. These dietary levels ranged from 0.40 to 0.70 g available lysine/MJ of DE for pST-treated pigs and from 0.28 to 0.58 g available lysine/MJ of DE for control pigs. Pigs were individually housed in pens, and there were five replicates of each treatment. All diets contained 14.5 MJ of DE/kg and were offered for ad libitum consumption to pigs between 80 and 120 kg live weight. Growth rate increased exponentially and food conversion ratio (FCR) decreased exponentially with increasing levels of lysine. In addition, there was a significant sex x pST interaction such that pST reduced the sex difference in FCR. Growth rate was faster in boars than in gilts and was increased by pST at the higher levels of dietary lysine. Similarly, FCR was lower for boars than for gilts and was decreased by pST at the higher dietary lysine levels. The optimum growth rate and FCR were defined as the lysine level at which growth rate and FCR were 95% and 105%, respectively, of the lysine plateau. The optimum growth rate and FCR were achieved at similar dietary lysine contents and were approximately 0.35 and 0.52 g available lysine/MJ of DE for control and pST-treated pigs, respectively. Protein deposition in the carcass increased exponentially with increasing dietary lysine level, was higher in boars than in gilts, and was increased by pST at the higher dietary lysine contents. Sex had no effect on dietary lysine required to maximize protein deposition. The dietary lysine contents required to ensure 95% of plateau protein deposition of 104 and 153 g/d were 0.39 and 0.55 g available lysine/MJ of DE for control and pST-treated pigs, respectively. The increase in lysine requirement with pST seems to be commensurate with the increase in protein deposition.  相似文献   

17.
The relationships between dietary amino acids and DE for pigs weighing 20 to 50 kg were investigated in two experiments. In Exp. 1, there were three dietary lysine levels that were either adjusted (1.50, 2.35 and 3.20 g/Mcal DE) for five DE levels (3.00 to 4.00 Mcal/kg) or unadjusted (.45, .71 and .96% of the diet) for three DE levels (3.50 to 4.00 Mcal/kg). In Exp. 2, the effects of six lysine:DE ratios (1.90 to 3.90 g/Mcal) at two DE levels (3.25 and 3.75 Mcal/kg) were investigated. In both experiments, diets were formulated using a constant ratio of corn and soybean meal. Pigs (equal numbers of barrows and gilts) were housed and fed individually and had ad libitum access to feed and water. Digestible energy intake was not affected by energy content of the diets. In Exp. 1, lysine intake did not differ with DE in the adjusted diets but decreased (P less than .001) as DE increased in the unadjusted diets. Weight gain was relatively consistent and gain:DE intake increased (P less than .001) as DE increased in the adjusted diets, but both decreased (P less than .005) with increasing DE in the unadjusted diets. Both criteria increased (P less than .001) in response to higher lysine:DE in the adjusted and lysine in the unadjusted diets. In Exp. 2, weight gain increased (P less than .005), but there was no effect (P greater than .05) on gain:DE intake as DE increased. Both weight gain and gain:DE intake increased (P less than .001) and backfat decreased (P less than .01) as lysine:DE ratios increased. The results demonstrate the need to increase dietary amino acid levels in concert with increases in energy contents. Regression analyses indicated that weight gain and gain:DE intake for 20- to 50-kg pigs were maximized at approximately 3.0 g lysine/Mcal DE (or 49 g of balanced protein/Mcal DE).  相似文献   

18.
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary lysine/protein ratio and fat levels on the growth, carcass characteristics and meat quality of finishing pigs fed feed made from food waste, including noodles and chocolate. Four dietary treatments, 2 levels of lysine/protein ratio (0.035 and 0.046) and 2 levels of fat (3.3% and 6.0%), were adapted to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Each diet for the finishing pigs contained the same levels of adequate crude protein (16%) and lysine (0.58–0.75%), and similar levels of high total digestible nutrients (90.2–92.6%). In total, 32 LWD pigs with an average body weight of 57.2 kg were assigned to 4 dietary groups. The pigs were slaughtered at about 115 kg. Growth performance was not influenced by the dietary treatments. Carcass characteristics were slightly influenced by the dietary fat level. As the dietary lysine/protein ratio decreased, the marbling score of Longissimus dorsi muscle increased and the intramuscular fat (IMF) increased from 6.82% to 9.46%. Marbling score was not significantly influenced by the dietary fat level. These results indicate that IMF increased without adverse effects on growth, carcass characteristics and meat quality, when pigs were fed a diet with low lysine/protein ratio.  相似文献   

19.
为了研究长白山野猪与杜洛克猪杂交1代猪肌内脂肪代谢酶激素敏感脂酶（hormone-sensitive lipase,HSL）和苹果酸脱氢酶（malate dehydrogenase,MDH）活性的发育性变化规律及其对肌内脂肪沉积的影响,试验以5个体重组（20、35、50、70和90 kg）的长白山野猪与杜洛克猪的杂交1代猪（简称野杜F1代猪,各40头,公、母各半）为研究对象,研究了肌肉组织中脂肪代谢酶活性的发育性变化规律与肌内脂肪含量和肌肉嫩度的关系。结果表明,在生长期随着体重的增加,肌肉组织中HSL和MDH的活性差异显著（P<0.05）,野杜F1代猪HSL活性均高于莱芜黑猪的活性（90 kg除外）,且在35 kg时,野杜F1代猪和莱芜黑猪差异极显著（P<0.01）;肌肉组织中的MDH活性变化,野杜F1代猪呈先升后降的趋势,活性最高点在70 kg;在90 kg时野杜F1代猪中MDH活性极显著低于莱芜黑猪（P<0.01）。不同体重阶段,肌肉嫩度差异显著（P<0.05）,且随着体重的增加而呈不断升高的趋势。相关分析结果表明,野杜F1代猪90 kg时肌肉组织中MDH活性与肌内脂肪含量呈极显著正相关（r=0.97,P<0.01）,HSL和MDH的活性与肌肉嫩度呈显著正相关（P<0.05）。研究结果提示,肌肉组织中的HSL和MDH对肌内脂肪的沉积量有一定的影响,可以通过控制其活性调节肌内脂肪的含量,且肌内脂肪的沉积量与肌肉嫩度有一定的联系。  相似文献   

20.
本试验旨在研究不同饲粮消化能水平在高温高湿饲养环境下对生长肥育猪生长性能、血清生化指标和肉品质的影响,以确定生长肥育猪适宜的消化能水平。选取平均初始体重为(40.0±2.0)kg的健康“杜×长×大”生长猪50头,随机分为5个组,每个组10个重复(7头公猪,3头母猪),每个重复1头猪。5个组试验猪分别饲喂消化能水平为13.68、13.88、14.09、14.30和14.51 MJ/kg的饲粮,试验期为90 d。结果表明:1)在高温高湿环境下,随着饲粮消化能水平的提高,试验猪生长期、育肥期及试验全期的平均日采食量呈下降趋势,而平均日增重(ADG)呈先升高后降低、料重比呈先降低后升高的趋势。猪生长期和全期的ADG与饲粮消化能水平的曲线方程分别为Y1=-878.02X^2+24708.94X-173289.53(R^2=0.69,P<0.01)和Y2=-436.56X^2+12276.96X-85600.33(R^2=0.54,P<0.05),当ADG达到最大时,对应的饲粮消化能水平分别为14.07和14.06 MJ/kg。2)饲粮消化能水平对生长肥育猪血清总蛋白、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和免疫球蛋白G含量存在显著影响(P<0.05),并且以14.09 MJ/kg消化能组最高(P<0.05)。3)饲粮消化能水平对生长肥育猪血清脂蛋白脂肪酶、脂肪酶(LPS)活性分别有极显著(P<0.01)和显著性(P<0.05)影响,而对血清苹果酸脱氢酶活性以及脂联素和生长激素含量没有显著影响(P>0.05);猪血清LPS活性与饲粮消化能水平的曲线方程为Y3=133.00X^2-3761.26X+26664.78(R^2=0.83,P<0.05),当血清LPS活性最低时,对应饲粮消化能水平为14.14 MJ/kg。4)随着饲粮消化能水平的提高,生长育肥猪的皮脂率显著提高(P<0.05),肌肉滴水损失和剪切力显著降低(P<0.05),并以14.09 MJ/kg消化能组的肉品质最优,其滴水损失和剪切力显著低于13.68 MJ/kg消化能组(P<0.05);猪肉滴水损失和剪切力与饲粮消化能水平的曲线方程分别为Y4=0.70X^2-19.92X+143.25(R^2=0.96,P<0.05)和Y5=2.88X^2-82.20X+590.36(R^2=0.99,P<0.05),当肌肉滴水损失、剪切力达到最低时,对应的饲粮消化能水平分别为14.23和14.27 MJ/kg。  相似文献   

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