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血药浓度法生物等效性试验是兽药生物等效性研究的重要方法。为科学规范兽用化学药品生物等效性研究,保障兽药安全、有效、质量可控,在已发布实施的《兽用化学药品生物等效性试验指导原则》基础上,农业农村部兽药评审中心参考相关最新技术指导原则,结合国内兽药研究现状,修订发布了《兽用化学药品血药浓度法生物等效性试验技术指导原则》。本文针对该指导原则的适用范围、试验设计的内容进行阐述,旨在加强研发单位或相关临床试验机构对此指导原则的理解,对生物等效性试验的有效开展提供指导与帮助。 相似文献
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为了解多益与相同成份进口产品的生物等效性,在建立血浆中磺胺嘧啶(SD)和甲氧苄啶(TMP)的HPLC检测方法基础上,比较两种制剂在肉鸡体内的药代动力学特征.选用30只健康白羽肉鸡,进行单剂量口服给药,给药剂量均为20mg/kg(以SD计),用反相高效液相色谱法测定血浆中SD和TMP浓度,计算其药动学参数并评价两种制剂的生物等效性.用Kinetic药动学软件处理血药浓度-时间数据,得出受试制剂和参比制剂中SD的主要药动学参数分别为:Cmax分别为:(10.60±6.68)、(11.45± 5.96) mg/L,Tmax分别为:(4.93±4.25)、(3.87±4.06) h,AUC分别为:(89.31±48.50)、(86.81±45.78) mg/L·h,Clearance 分别为:(7.94±14.06)、(6.54±7.70) L/kg·h,Vz分别为:(3.57±6.12)、(10.43±31.75) L/kg.受试制剂多益相对参比制剂的相对生物利用度为102.88％,表明受试制剂与参比试剂具有生物等效性. 相似文献
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研究分析长效土霉素注射液作用于猪体内的生物等效性,为临床的进一步研究提供参考依据。方法:选取24头猪,将其随机分为两组,对照组1和对照组2,对照组1注射30%长效土霉素注射液;对照组2则注射20%长效土霉素注射液。采用高效液相色谱法对猪体内的血浆土霉素浓度进行测定,分析其生物等效性。结果:对照组1和对照组2的药动学参数为:药物吸收半衰期为(0.088±0.014)h和(0.140±0.076)h;消除半衰期为(52.489±21.885)h和(36.481±21.568)h;峰浓度为(4.986±1.786)μg/ml和(5.016±0.948)μg/ml;达峰时间为(0.609±0.110)h和(0.823±0.372)h;药时曲线下面积为(112.482±18.564)mg/L.h和(109.877±19.946)mg/L.h;以20%长效土霉素注射液作为对照,30%长效土霉素注射液相对生物利用度为(105.465±26.103)%。结论:研究结果表明,两种不同浓度的长效土霉素注射液的药动学参数不具有显著差异,由此看来两种药物具有生物等效性。 相似文献
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为了研究阿莫西林混悬注射液在猪体内的药代动力学和生物等效性,采用双处理、双周期随机交叉试验设计,将24头健康猪随机分成2组,按15 mg/kg体重肌肉分别单剂量注射受试制剂和参比制剂,采用高效液相色谱法测定血浆中阿莫西林的浓度,利用Win Nonlin6.4软件计算主要药动学参数,并评价两种制剂的生物等效性。结果显示,受试制剂和参比制剂的Tmax分别为(3.45±2.49)h,(1.34±1.74)h;Cmax分别为(6.94±4.73)mg/L,(4.39±2.87)mg/L;AUC0-t分别为(37.00±11.48)mg·h·L-1,(30.02±8.93)mg·h·L-1;AUC0-∞分别为(40.26±13.36)mg·h·L-1,(38.46±15.38)mg·h·L-1。阿莫西林混悬注射液受试制剂和参比制剂的AUC0-t、AUC0-∞、Cmax、Tmax均有显著性差异,双单侧t检验结果显示两种制剂生物不等效,试验为兽医临床给药方案的制定以及合理用药提供参考。 相似文献
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为研究国产和进口硫酸头孢喹肟注射液(7.5%)在猪体内的药代动力学特征和生物等效性,采用双处理、双周期随机交叉试验设计,将20头健康三元杂交猪随机分成2组,按3mg/kg体重分别单剂量肌内注射受试制剂和参比制剂。采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定血浆中头孢喹肟的浓度,利用Win Nonlin6.3软件计算主要药动学参数,并评价两种制剂的生物等效性。结果显示,受试制剂和参比制剂的Tmax分别为2.30±0.73h和2.25±0.55h;Cmax分别为2.37±0.34μg/mL和2.45±0.36μg/mL;AUC0-t分别为26.38±2.30μg·h·mL^-1和24.86±2.19μg·h·mL^-1;AUC0-∞分别为26.74±2.34μg·h·mL^-1和25.07±2.20μg·h·mL^-1。硫酸头孢喹肟注射液受试制剂和参比制剂的AUC0-t、AUC0-∞、Cmax、Tmax均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。双单侧t检验结果显示两种制剂生物等效,临床上可相互替代。该试验可为兽医临床合理用药提供参考。 相似文献
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为研究国产和进口托芬那酸注射液在犬体内的药代动力学和生物等效性,采用双处理、双周期随机交叉试验设计,将20头健康比格犬随机分成2组,按0.1 m L/kg体重肌肉分别单剂量注射受试制剂和参比制剂,采用高效液相色谱法测定血浆中托芬那酸的浓度,利用WinNonlin6.3软件计算主要药动学参数,并评价两种制剂的生物等效性。结果显示,受试制剂和参比制剂的Tmax分别为(0.2±0.1)h和(0.3±0.2)h;Cmax分别为(5.12±1.55)μg/m L和(5.38±2.04)μg/m L;AUC0-t分别为(12.1±2.97)μg·h·m L~(-1)和(12.28±3.24)μg·h·m L~(-1);AUC_(0-∞)分别为(13.38±3.10)μg·h·m L~(-1)和(13.85±3.40)μg·h·m L~(-1)。托芬那酸注射液受试制剂和参比制剂的AUC_(0-t)、AUC_(0-∞)、C_(max)、T_(max)均无显著性差异(P0.05)。双单侧t检验结果显示两种制剂生物等效,临床上可相互替代。该试验为兽医临床给药方案的制定以及合理用药提供参考。 相似文献
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生理药动学模型是一种模拟机体循环系统的血液流向,将各器官或组织相互联结起来而建立的整体模型,和经典房室模型与统计矩原理相比,生理模型有其独特的优越性.建立药动学生理模型的主要步骤包括收集资料、设计血流图、建立物质平衡方程组、验证和修订模型.目前,国内外学者已开展了数十种化合物在动物或人体内的生理药动学模型研究.生理模型在开展兽医药动-药效模型研究、指导兽药临床合理应用、指导新兽药的研发、评估兽药残留风险等方面具有良好的应用前景. 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献