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采用响应面法对乳双歧杆菌Z-1冷冻干燥保护剂配方进行优化。通过Plackett-Burman试验与最陡爬坡试验确定影响乳双歧杆菌Z-1冷冻干燥后活菌数的显著因素及最优响应值区间，再通过Box-Benhnken试验优化得到乳双歧杆菌Z-1冷冻干燥保护剂最佳配方。结果表明：海藻糖、蔗糖、L-半胱氨酸盐酸盐添加量是影响乳双歧杆菌Z-1冷冻干燥后活菌数的显著因素；经响应面试验设计建立活菌数和海藻糖、蔗糖、L-半胱氨酸盐酸盐添加量的回归模型，得到乳双歧杆菌Z-1冷冻干燥保护剂最佳配方为海藻糖添加量200.51 g/L、蔗糖添加量46.16 g/L、L-半胱氨酸盐酸盐添加量2.31 g/L，其他成分不变（脱脂乳粉添加量100 g/L、乳清蛋白粉20 g/L、甘油4 g/L、异抗坏血酸钠10 g/L、谷氨酸钠8 g/L）。 相似文献
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本研究以植物乳杆菌BLPS-9为研究对象,对其中试发酵工艺进行优化,采用正交因素对其保护剂配方进行筛选。结果表明:经优化后植物乳杆菌BLPS-9中试发酵液活菌数可达50×10^8 cfu/mL,确定最佳离心条件10000 r/min、离心10 min活菌数最高,保护剂配方为脱脂奶粉25%、海藻糖7.5%、甘油0.75%;在最适离心条件下采用最佳冻干保护剂进行冷冻干燥,植物乳杆菌BLPS-9存活率可达91.01%,菌粉活菌数为6.0×10^11 cfu/g。在4℃和-20℃条件下贮存28 d,活菌数无明显损失。本研究为进一步提高乳酸菌制品的货架期提供了参考。 相似文献
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酸奶生产用直投式乳酸菌发酵剂研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对酸奶常用发酵剂菌种德氏乳杆菌保加利亚乳杆菌亚种S-1、嗜热链球菌G1208的高密度细胞培养条件,低温真空冷冻干燥中抗冷冻保护剂的选择等进行了研究。结果发现,德氏乳杆菌保加利亚乳杆菌亚种S-1在改良MRS培养基中的最佳培养条件为:培养温度43℃,起始pH值6.0,最高活菌数为1.2×109cfu/mL;采用3%蔗糖+3%海藻糖+10%β-环糊精+10%甘油+1%酵母膏+10%脱脂奶作为冻干保护剂,经低温冷冻干燥后,存活率为40.8%。嗜热链球菌G1208的最佳培养条件为:培养温度37℃,起始pH值7.0,对培养基配方进行优化后,最高活菌数为1.7×109cfu/mL;采用3%海藻糖+1%酵母膏+10%脱脂奶作为保护剂经低温冷冻干燥后,存活率可达96%。 相似文献
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为提高猪伪狂犬病活疫苗的保存温度,本实验应用响应面法(RSM)筛选并优化出猪伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)耐热保护剂最佳配方。结果表明:谷氨酸钠、L-精氨酸盐酸盐和D-山梨醇能够显著提高病毒对冻干环境的耐受能力,酶解酪蛋白、海藻糖、明胶、蔗糖和牛血清白蛋白显著性依次递减;以冻干后病毒保护率为响应值,响应面优化出最优配方为:谷氨酸钠2%、L-精氨酸盐酸盐2%、D-山梨醇2%、酶解酪蛋白7.6%、海藻糖1%、明胶4%、蔗糖15.2%、牛血清白蛋白2%。采用该配方进行验证试验,冻干保护率达到80.40%,经37℃保存7 d的耐老化试验及2℃~8℃保存24个月,3批疫苗病毒滴度分别下降0.55、0.62、0.47及0.47、0.51、0.41,证明该配方制备的疫苗具有良好的热稳定性。 相似文献
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副猪嗜血杆菌冻干保护剂的研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
采用冻存实验筛选出一种冻存存活率为100％的副猪嗜血杆菌保护剂(HPS-d),通过冷冻干燥实验测定HPS-d冻干存活率为25.94％.利用单因素分析实验优化保护剂HPS-d基质,在HPS-d中添加3种保护剂基质,结果显示:当海藻糖比例为1％、L-精氨酸盐酸盐比例为3％、BHI培养基/保护剂比例为1∶2时,冻干存活率达73.65％ ～77.61％.Plackett-Burman实验设计考察了保护剂8种组分的保护效果,结果显示:D-山梨醇、L-精氨酸盐酸盐和D-海藻糖是影响冻干存活率的显著因素.冷冻干燥验证实验证明优化后保护剂HPS-d平均冻干存活率达74.77％. 相似文献
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试验旨在确定最佳保护剂组合及保藏温度,提高乳酸菌制剂冷冻保藏效果。试验以戊糖片球菌、海氏肠球菌、戊糖乳杆菌为研究对象,采用真空冷冻干燥技术,探究不同保护剂及保藏温度对乳酸菌冻干存活率及保藏存活率的影响。结果显示,保护剂3 (脱脂乳9.51%、葡萄糖7.56%、麦芽糊精7.77%)对戊糖片球菌和戊糖乳杆菌冻干保藏效果最好,冻干后存活率分别为81.80%和79.90%;保护剂1 (脱脂乳12%、海藻糖1%、谷氨酸钠1%、甘油3%)对海氏肠球菌冻干保藏效果最好,冻干后存活率为84.83%。乳酸菌冻干粉在-80℃条件下保藏效果更好。研究表明,采用保护剂1、-80℃保藏对3种乳酸菌制剂的长期保藏效果最好。 相似文献
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以具有降血脂益生特性的植物乳杆菌LIP-1为研究对象,通过在培养基中添加不同浓度CaCl2,探究Ca2＋对菌株冷冻干燥抗性及耐热性的影响,并比较未加钙菌粉、加钙菌粉和未加钙市售菌粉在不同热饮中的活菌数。结果表明：与未添加Ca2＋对照组相比,培养基中添加0.5 mmol/L Ca2＋不仅可以显著提高菌株的冷冻干燥存活率（P＜0.05）,并可以改善其耐热性;与市售菌粉相比,加钙菌粉在热饮中的植物乳杆菌LIP-1存活率显著提高,探究其内在机制发现,加钙菌粉的植物乳杆菌LIP-1细胞膜与细胞壁损伤程度显著低于其他组别（P＜0.05）,同时细胞膜不饱和脂肪酸含量显著升高。上述结果表明,在培养基中添加Ca2＋能够显著提高植物乳杆菌LIP-1对冷热的抗性。 相似文献
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乳酸菌浓缩发酵剂的制备过程中,冷冻对菌体的损伤比较明显。通过在保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌混菌菌悬液中添加不同的保护剂并测定冷冻前后乳酸菌菌数,筛选出适用的保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌混菌的保护剂。最终确定的保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌混菌保护剂配方为:蔗糖浓度为10%,脱脂乳浓度为10%,谷氨酸钠浓度为5%。菌体经冷冻处理后,冷冻存活率可达到95.00%,比不添加保护剂的菌体存活率大大提高。此配方也简单易得,完全可以满足生产需要。 相似文献
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乳酸菌浓缩发酵剂的制备过程中,冷冻对菌体的损伤比较明显。通过在保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌混菌菌悬液中添加不同的保护剂并测定冷冻前后乳酸菌菌数,筛选出适用的保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌混菌的保护剂。最终确定的保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌混菌保护剂配方为:蔗糖浓度为10%,脱脂乳浓度为10%,谷氨酸钠浓度为5%。菌体经冷冻处理后,冷冻存活率可达到95.00%,比不添加保护剂的菌体存活率大大提高。此配方也简单易得,完全可以满足生产需要。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献