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为考察恩诺沙星与乙酰甲喹的联合抗菌活性,采用肉汤稀释棋盘法测定了恩诺沙星与乙酰甲喹单用及联用对大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌临床菌株的体外抗菌活性。结果显示:恩诺沙星与乙酰甲喹单独使用对大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度为8μg/m L和32μg/m L,对沙门氏菌的最小抑菌浓度为16μg/m L和256μg/m L。两药联用对大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的FIC指数为0.5和0.75,分别表现为协同作用和相加作用。试验表明,恩诺沙星与乙酰甲喹联用可以增强对大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌感染的治疗效果。 相似文献
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Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is used for bacterial identification by analyzing the spectra of isolates and comparing them against a database of reference spectra; it is known for its rapidity and accuracy. Although MALDI-TOF MS is used for identification of bacterial isolates from animals, not all animal pathogens are identified correctly. In this study, we used a commercial MALDI-TOF MS identification system to examine 3724 bacterial isolates from horses and their environments. Isolates that could not be identified with MALDI-TOF MS were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequence taxonomic analysis. MALDI-TOF MS could identify 86.2% of the isolates from horses to the species level, showing that this method could be successfully applied for bacterial identification in horses. However, some species known to be equine pathogenic agents including Taylorella equigenitalis and Rhodococcus equi were difficult to identify with MALDI-TOF MS, which might be the result of an inadequate reference database. Some Prevotella, Staphylococcus, and Streptococcus isolates, which could not be identified with either MALDI-TOF MS or 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis, formed clusters in the 16S rRNA phylogenic tree, and might be unknown species isolated from horses. Adding the spectra of isolates identified in this study to an in-house database might make MALDI-TOF MS a more useful tool for identifying equine isolates. 相似文献
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16SrRNA甲基化酶是近年来出现于临床的一种新耐药决定因子,介导细菌对多种氨基糖苷类高水平耐药,最初发现于肠杆菌科中,目前在革兰阴性菌中已发现至少由12种等位基因编码的10种16SrRNA甲基化酶。由于大多编码16SrRNA甲基化酶的基因常位于可动遗传因子如接合型质粒、整合子、转座子、插入序列共同区上,易引起耐药性和耐药基因的传播,导致临床抗感染治疗的失败。本文综述了临床16SrRNA甲基化酶的新发现,其介导的耐药性、作用机制、临床流行特点、传播特点及分子遗传背景、来源及进化,为临床合理应用氨基糖苷类抗生素、开发16SrRNA甲基化酶抑制剂奠定基础。 相似文献
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16 S rRNA在细菌分类鉴定研究中的应用 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
细菌的16S核糖体RNA（ribosome RNA,rRNA）以其在进化上的特征性序列,现已被广泛用于细菌分类和鉴定的分子指标。其具体操作是,以聚合酶链式反应（PCR）分离细菌样本中的16SrRNA的基因片段,通过克隆、测序或酶切、探针杂交获得其序列信息,再与16SrRNA数据库中的序列数据进行比较,确定其在进化中的位置,从而鉴定样本中可能存在的微生物种类。文章综述了16SrRNA作为微生物系统分子分类鉴定的理论基础和方法,以及在细菌分类鉴定中的应用。 相似文献
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Pille F Martens A Schouls LM Peelman L Gasthuys F Schot CS De Baere C Desmet P Vandenberghe F 《Research in veterinary science》2004,77(3):189-195
Standard culturing techniques are often unrewarding in confirming diagnosis of synovial infection in the equine patient. Several human studies report the use of sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques for the detection of bacterial involvement in acute synovitis. However, successful extraction of bacterial DNA directly from clinical samples from horses without prior culture has not been reported yet. The goal of this study was to develop a sensitive and reliable method for molecular detection and identification of bacterial species in synovial fluid from horses with infectious synovitis. Synovial fluid samples from 6 horses with culture confirmed synovial infection were used for broad range 16S rRNA gene PCR. Synovial aspirates of 2 healthy horses were used as negative controls. Following extraction and purification of synovial fluid DNA, all samples were processed by touchdown PCR. Amplicons were detected by reverse line blot hybridisation and visualised with chemiluminescence. Pathogen-specific detection of 16S rRNA gene sequences was successful in all 6 synovial fluid samples. No bacterial DNA was detected in the aspirates from the negative control horses using touchdown PCR followed by 25 additional cycles of amplification. The identity of the pathogens was confirmed by DNA sequencing of the amplicons. It can be concluded that broad range 16S rRNA gene PCR followed by reverse line blot hybridisation is a promising technique for detection of bacterial DNA in synovial fluid samples. Further research should aim at the detection of bacterial DNA in synovial fluid samples suspected of infection but having negative culture results. When the 16S PCR proves to be reliable and more sensitive than standard culturing techniques, it may become a powerful tool in the diagnosis of synovial infection. 相似文献
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桑黄化型萎缩病病原体16S rRNA基因的序列分析 总被引：9，自引：4，他引：5
用PCR法克隆了中国桑黄化型萎缩病病原植原体的 16SrRNA基因 ,并进行了序列分析。结果表明 :克隆的基因大小为 1372bp ,与日本桑萎缩病病原植原体 16SrRNA的同源性高达 99 85 % ,只存在个别碱基的突变。Blastj检索结果显示与中国桑黄化型萎缩病病原体 16SrRNA的基因同源性高达 99%的有来源于玉米、洋葱、土豆等5 0多种其它植物的植原体 16SrRNA基因 ,表明植物萎缩病病原体 16SrRNA基因具高度保守性。 相似文献
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禽大肠杆菌的分离与16S rRNA的鉴定 总被引：9，自引：4，他引：5
从疑似患有大肠杆菌病的病死鸡群中采取粪便样品,分离病原进行生化鉴定,从8份样品中分离鉴定出6株大肠杆菌。根据细菌16S rRNA 基因的高度保守性,设计合成大肠杆菌的共同引物,对随机选取的1株细菌进行PCR扩增,并与GenBank中的E.coli 16S rRNA进行序列比对,确定这株细菌与大肠杆菌的同源性达99%以上。本方法特异性好,为实验室鉴定大肠杆菌提供了一种简单、容易操作的手段。 相似文献
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四川某商品猪场仔猪出现以体温升高,背、腹和腿部皮肤发绀,淋巴结出血肿大,肺、脾脏出血、化脓为主要特征的疾病。通过对分离细菌的纯化培养、形态学观察、生化试验、致病性试验和药物敏感性试验,鉴定出一株致病菌。应用通用引物对其16S rRNA基因进行克隆和序列分析,序列在NCBI上进行BLAST比对,选择同源性较高的棒状杆菌属中25株不同种的菌株16S rRNA序列进行比对分析,构建遗传进化树。分离纯化的细菌在鲜血琼脂平板厌氧条件下生长良好,为革兰氏染色阳性杆状菌,能发酵部分糖类,能致死小白鼠,对头孢类抗生素敏感,16S rRNA序列与棒状杆菌属细菌的同源性最高,在78.2%~98.0%之间,遗传进化树分析结果表明,该菌株与棒状杆菌属细菌属于同一分类群,分离菌鉴定为棒状杆菌。 相似文献
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为筛选出检测猪支原体更为特异、敏感的PCR检测方法,本试验分别以16S rRNA、50S rRNA和膜蛋白OxaA为靶基因进行PCR检测,并从其敏感性、特异性和临床样本检出率等方面进行了比较。结果显示,以膜蛋白OxaA和16S rRNA为靶基因的PCR方法敏感性最高,最小检测DNA量为1.86 fg/μL,而以50S rRNA为靶基因的PCR方法最小检测DNA量为18.6 fg/μL;3种靶基因引物均扩增不出大肠杆菌、猪链球菌、猪肺炎支原体、牛附红细胞体等基因片段,具有较好的特异性;通过对临床60份血液样本的检测结果表明,以膜蛋白OxaA基因设计的引物检出率最高,为25%(15/60),明显高于16S rRNA基因的21.6%(13/60)和50S rRNA基因的18.3%(11/60)。本试验为猪支原体病的诊断及流行病学调查提供了更为敏感、特异的检测技术。 相似文献
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16S rRNA基因在细菌菌种鉴定中的应用 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
本文综述了应用16S rRNA基因作为靶基因对细菌进行鉴定的各种分子生物学技术，并指出应用16S rRNA基因在乳酸菌鉴定方面的研究进展。 相似文献
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钦州湾牡蛎线粒体16 S rRNA基因片段核苷酸序列分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对69个钦州湾牡蛎个体的线粒体DNA16S rRNA进行PCR扩增,纯化后的PCR产物测序分析,研究16S rRNA基因在白肉牡蛎和红肉牡蛎2个群体中的遗传多样性,通过DNAman比对序列并构建系统进化树。结果得到2个群体的序列长度均为434bp,共检测到16个核苷酸突变位点,包括8个转换位点和8个颠换位点。与GenBank序列比对发现,白肉牡蛎和香港牡蛎的序列基本相同,系统进化树中显示白肉牡蛎与香港牡蛎聚为一支,红肉牡蛎与有明巨牡蛎聚为一支。证实了白肉牡蛎和红肉牡蛎是2个不同的种,它们有各自的遗传多样性,该研究为牡蛎的遗传育种提供科学依据。 相似文献
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Raksha Bhoora Linda Franssen Marinda C. Oosthuizen Alan J. Guthrie Erich Zweygarth Barend L. Penzhorn Frans Jongejan Nicola E. Collins 《Veterinary parasitology》2009
A molecular epidemiological survey of the protozoal parasites that cause equine piroplasmosis was conducted using samples collected from horses and zebra from different geographical locations in South Africa. A total of 488 samples were tested for the presence of Theileria equi and/or Babesia caballi using the reverse line blot hybridization assay. Ten percent of the samples hybridized to the Theileria/Babesia genus-specific probe and not to the B. caballi or T. equi species-specific probes, suggesting the presence of a novel species or genotype. The small subunit of rRNA gene (18S; ∼1600 bp) was amplified and sequenced from 33 of these 488 samples. Sequences were compared with published sequences from the public sequence databases. Twelve distinct T. equi and six B. caballi 18S rRNA sequences were identified. Alignments demonstrated extensive sequence variation in the V4 hypervariable region of the 18S rRNA gene within T. equi. Sequence variation was also found in B. caballi 18S rRNA genes, although there was less variation than observed for T. equi. Phylogenetic analysis based on 18S rRNA gene sequences revealed three T. equi clades and two B. caballi clades in South Africa. The extent of sequence heterogeneity detected within T. equi and B. caballi 18S rRNA genes was unexpected since concerted evolution is thought to maintain homogeneity within repeated gene families, including rRNA genes, in eukaryotes. The findings reported here show that careful examination of variants of the 18S rRNA gene of T. equi and B. caballi is required prior to the development of molecular diagnostic tests to detect these parasites in horses. Species-specific probes must be in designed in regions of the gene that are both conserved within and unique to each species. 相似文献
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外源获得性16S rRNA甲基化酶基因广泛分布于革兰阴性细菌中，介导对多种氨基糖苷类药物的高水平耐药。该酶能将S-腺苷-L-甲硫氨酸的甲基添加到16S rRNA氨酰tRNA识别位点的特异性核苷酸上，从而干扰氨基糖苷类药物与靶位点的结合。16S rRNA甲基化酶基因通常由转座子等活动性遗传元件介导并嵌入到可转移的质粒或染色体中，从而导致耐药基因广泛而迅速地传播。更令人担忧的是，16S rRNA甲基化酶基因经常与blaNDM-1、blaCTX-M和qnrB1等其他耐药基因偶联，介导对β-内酰胺类药物和氟喹诺酮类药物的多重耐药。对于多重耐药16S rRNA甲基化酶阳性菌引发的感染，治疗方法非常有限。迄今为止，至少已有30个国家和地区对16S rRNA甲基化酶进行了相关报道，由此可见，16S rRNA甲基化酶基因的全球传播正成为一个全球重大公共卫生问题。 相似文献
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《Veterinary microbiology》2015,175(2-4):294-303
The human oral microbiome is known to play a significant role in human health and disease. While less well studied, the feline oral microbiome is thought to play a similarly important role. To determine roles oral bacteria play in health and disease, one first has to be able to accurately identify bacterial species present. 16S rRNA gene sequence information is widely used for molecular identification of bacteria and is also useful for establishing the taxonomy of novel species.The objective of this research was to obtain full 16S rRNA gene reference sequences for feline oral bacteria, place the sequences in species-level phylotypes, and create a curated 16S rRNA based taxonomy for common feline oral bacteria.Clone libraries were produced using “universal” and phylum-selective PCR primers and DNA from pooled subgingival plaque from healthy and periodontally diseased cats. Bacteria in subgingival samples were also cultivated to obtain isolates. Full-length 16S rDNA sequences were determined for clones and isolates that represent 171 feline oral taxa. A provisional curated taxonomy was developed based on the position of each taxon in 16S rRNA phylogenetic trees.The feline oral microbiome curated taxonomy and 16S rRNA gene reference set will allow investigators to refer to precisely defined bacterial taxa. A provisional name such as “Propionibacterium sp. feline oral taxon FOT-327” is an anchor to which clone, strain or GenBank names or accession numbers can point. Future next-generation-sequencing studies of feline oral bacteria will be able to map reads to taxonomically curated full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences. 相似文献
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肺炎克雷伯氏菌强毒株的分离鉴定及16-23SrRNAITS序列分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为确诊疑似仔猪肺炎克雷伯氏菌(K.pneumonia)感染,并研究其病原的致病性、耐药性、16-23SrRNA ITS系统进化特征,本研究从云南因肺炎、腹泻而大量死亡的仔猪中分离到1株革兰氏阴性短粗杆菌,命名为KP14013,对其进行生化鉴定、16SrRNA鉴定,研究其对小白鼠和仔猪的致病性,并对其16-23SrRNA ITS基因进行测序和遗传进化分析。结果显示,KP14013分离株生化特征与肺炎克雷伯氏菌相符,其16SrRNA与GenBank中23株肺炎克雷伯氏菌代表株之间的同源性均为99%,将KP14013鉴定为肺炎克雷伯氏菌。KP14013对小白鼠半数致死量(LD50)为3×101.8 CFU,腹腔注射3×108 CFU可使仔猪100%致死。16-23SrRNA ITS系统进化关系结果表明,KP14013与GenBank中收录的15株肺炎克雷伯氏菌形成进化树的一个分支,属于同一个亚群,它们之间的核苷酸同源性为98.4%~99.2%。本研究证实了肺炎克雷伯氏菌是该起仔猪腹泻大量死亡的病原;KP14013分离株为毒力极强菌株,具有多重耐药性,其16-23SrRNA ITS与GenBank中收录的肺炎克雷伯氏菌代表株之间核苷酸存在差异,可用于肺炎克雷伯氏菌菌株间的鉴别。 相似文献
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分析河南、陕西分离的14株鸡杆菌(Gallibacterium)之间的进化关系,及gyrB基因序列比较在该菌进化分析中的作用。PCR扩增鸡杆菌分离株的gyrB、16SrRNA和rpoB3个看家基因,PCR产物纯化后直接测序。将鸡杆菌分离株、国外参考株的3个看家基因序列进行比较分析,用Phylip 3.67软件构建进化树。结果表明,14株鸡杆菌与鸭源鸡杆菌(Gallibacterium anatis)模式株间的相似性为96.3%～98.0%(gyrB)、97.7%～99.6%(16SrRNA)和97.7%～99.0%(rpoB);14株鸡杆菌与鸡杆菌复合群1(Gallibacterium genomosp.1)参考株间的相似性为88.8%～89.9%(gyrB)、96.2%～97.5%(16SrRNA)和92.6%～93.6%(rpoB)。基于3个看家基因序列的进化分析,均显示14株鸡杆菌和鸭源鸡杆菌模式株形成单独的一个群。14株鸡杆菌分离株均属于鸭源鸡杆菌种;在3个看家基因位点,鸡杆菌河南株与陕西株之间、鸡杆菌输卵管炎病鸡分离株与健康鸡分离株之间均无明显遗传上的差异;gyrB基因序列分析可用于鸡杆菌分离株的种类鉴定,且对14株鸡杆菌与复合群1参考株的区别能力优于另外2个看家基因。 相似文献
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Barcellos DE de Uzeda M Ikuta N Lunge VR Fonseca AS Kader II Duhamel GE 《Veterinary microbiology》2000,75(2):189-198
The Brachyspira (formerly Serpulina) species rrl gene encoding 23S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) was used as a target for amplification of a 517bp DNA fragment by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The primers for PCR amplification had sequences that were conserved among Brachyspira 23S rRNA gene and were designed from nucleotide sequences of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, Serpulina intermedia, Brachyspira innocens and Brachyspira pilosicoli available from the GenBank database. Digestion of PCR-generated products from reference and field isolates of swine intestinal spirochetes with restriction enzymes Taq I and Alu I revealed five restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns. Each RFLP pattern corresponded to previously established genetic groups including B. hyodysenteriae (I), S. intermedia/B. innocens (II), Brachyspira murdochii (III), B. pilosicoli (IV) and B. alvinipulli (V). The 23S rRNA PCR/RFLP provided a relatively simple genotypic method for identification of porcine pathogenic B. hyodysenteriae and B. pilosicoli. 相似文献