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本试验选取11头6周龄健康仔猪(母源抗体呈阳性4头为A组;母源抗体呈阴性7头,随机选取其中4头为B组;剩余3头为C组,作为空白对照),A、B组进行人工攻毒,获得了实际生产中PCV2亚临床感染状态,采用荧光定量PCR与组织病理切片技术相结合,旨在探究机体各脏器(心、脾、肺、肾、淋巴结)组织中PCV2病毒载量与病理损伤的相关性。结果显示,A组以淋巴结、脾免疫器官的组织病毒载量最高,然而,B组,淋巴结、脾免疫器官的组织病毒载量反而偏低;组织病理学发现PCV2主要引起淋巴结、脾免疫器官的淋巴细胞坏死、损耗,肺脏间质性肺炎,肾脏间质性肾炎,心脏心肌炎等病变。相同脏器的组织病毒载量和病理损伤程度相关性统计结果表明:不同个体其相同脏器的组织病毒载量与病理损伤程度呈正相关性,而相同个体其不同的脏器之间组织病毒载量与病理损伤程度的规律性还有待进一步试验。本试验为PCV2的实践病理诊断,疫苗免疫效力评价,疾病防控提供理论参考。 相似文献
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利用建立的PCR方法对发生PMWS自然患猪的内脏组织中存在的PCV2病毒DNA进行检测,结果发现PCV2病毒主要存在于病猪的淋巴结、肾脏和脾脏中,在肝脏、肺脏中少量存在,心脏中最少。本研究对PCV2临床诊断和致病机理研究具有一定指导意义。 相似文献
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本研究旨在研究猪细小病毒分离株感染初孕母猪后母猪和胎猪的病毒组织分布和组织病理学变化情况。试验选用妊娠35d的初孕母猪接种PPV—BQ株第15代细胞毒,以接种RPMI1640的母猪作为对照。攻毒40d后剖杀,采集母猪的心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、扁桃体、子宫内膜和腹部淋巴结,胎猪的心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、脑和小肠,进行组织病毒载量测定和组织病理学检测。实时定量PCR检测结果显示,攻毒组母猪的心脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏和子宫内膜存在病毒复制,子宫内病毒含量最高;胎猪的心脏、脾脏、肺脏中存在病毒复制。对照组脏器中无病毒复制。病理切片结果显示,攻毒组母猪肺脏出现细支气管性肺炎,脾脏出现淋巴细胞减少,心脏、肝脏、肾脏、扁桃体、子宫内膜和腹部淋巴结未见明显的组织病理学变化;胎猪的脏器未见明显的病理损伤。对照组未发现组织病理学变化。 相似文献
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为研究心包积水-肝炎综合征（HHS）的转归，试验采用血清4型禽腺病毒感染4周龄SPF鸡，建立发病率为90%、死亡率为20%的动物模型，观察SPF鸡大体病变并采集肝脏、心脏、脾脏、腺胃、胰腺、肺、肾脏、法氏囊、胸腺、脑、肌肉、小肠、肌胃、食管和气管制作组织病理学切片，检测组织样本中的病毒载量。结果显示：心包积液完全吸收，腺胃出血消失，脾脏轻微肿胀，肝脏仍存在部分黄染和肿胀，组织学检查发现肺脏已完全恢复，肝脏、法氏囊、胸腺、脾脏仍存在组织变性坏死及广泛的炎性细胞浸润；转归期后器官的病毒含量均显著降低（P<0.05）。结果表明HHS的转归为不完全痊愈，对肝脏及免疫器官的功能将造成长期影响。 相似文献
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《中国预防兽医学报》2015,(11)
为研究鸡源减蛋综合征病毒(EDSV)对种鸭的致病性,本研究利用鸡源EDSV SD01株通过口腔途径人工感染实验种鸭,观察实验鸭产蛋量和病理组织学变化,采用血凝抑制试验和荧光定量PCR方法对实验鸭血清抗体滴度、组织器官中病毒载量及排毒规律进行检测。结果显示,实验鸭感染鸡源EDSV后有轻微的呼吸道症状,产蛋量下降,抗体滴度有明显升高趋势。病理组织学变化表现为肺脏、大脑、肾脏、脾脏、卵泡等器官出血以及淋巴细胞浸润,输卵管黏膜水肿、肝脏肿大,肝细胞脂肪变性。荧光定量PCR检测结果显示,不同组织病毒载量和感染持续时间不同,在实验期间,所检测的各组织中均有病毒存在;其中肝脏、输卵管中病毒载量明显高于其他组织器官,气管、肠道中病毒载量最低。以上结果表明鸡源EDSV SD01株对种鸭具有一定的致病性。 相似文献
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清远麻鸡禽白血病病理组织学观察和PCR诊断 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
本试验选择临床症状明显、经禽白血病抗原检测为阳性的15只祖代清远麻鸡,采集肝脏、脾脏、肾脏等器官进行病理组织学观察和PCR诊断。结果显示,从病理组织切片中观察到肝脏、肾脏、脾脏、骨髓、腺胃、心脏、肺脏、胰腺和卵巢等组织中有大量的淋巴母细胞呈灶状增生或散在分布,以及少量的成髓细胞增生。禽白血病病毒主要侵害祖代清远麻鸡机体的内脏器官和骨髓,对大脑等神经组织损害较轻;PCR扩增结果表明,所采集的15份样品均能扩增出545 bp左右的特异性片段,证明15份组织样品中均存在J亚型禽白血病病毒。 相似文献
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类猪圆环病毒因子P1在自然感染仔猪体内的组织分布 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选用3头自然感染仔猪和1头阴性对照猪,剖杀后采集心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、胰脏、脑、空肠、扁桃体、胸腺、淋巴结、膀胱、性腺等组织,用荧光定量PCR方法检测病毒在组织中的分布及病毒载量.结果显示,类猪圆环病毒因子P1分布在仔猪的心脏、肝脏、肺脏、胰脏、脑和膀胱等组织,病毒载量以胰脏、脑和膀胱为最高,可达105拷贝/g以上；对照猪脏器中没有检测到病毒核酸.该研究为P1的诊断及致病机制奠定了基础. 相似文献
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猪的心、肝、肺、脾、肾五脏器的发育早晚直接影响着其它部位的生长发育的快慢.运用异速生长方程分析了舍饲型合作猪内脏器官的生长发育规律.结果表明：肝脏和肺脏的增重迅速,肾脏和心脏次之,脾脏较慢;肺脏和肾脏的相对生长速度较快,其次为心脏和脾脏,肝脏较慢;各内脏器官占体重百分比为：肝脏＞肺脏＞肾脏＞心脏＞脾脏;异速生长方程拟合的内脏器官生长强度为：心脏（b=1.120）＞脾脏（b＝0.974）＞肺脏（b=0.973）＞肾脏（b=0.9520）＞肝脏（b=0.726）,心脏属于晚熟器官,脾脏、肺脏和肾脏属于中熟器官,肝脏属于早熟器官.为保护合作地方品种,进一步开发利用优良品种提供了数据参考. 相似文献
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Infections caused by thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. and Salmonella spp. are the leading causes of human gastroenteritis worldwide. Wild birds can act as reservoirs of both pathogens. A survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance of thermotolerant Campylobacter and Salmonella in waterfowl used as decoys and wild raptors in Andalusia (Southern Spain). The overall prevalence detected for Campylobacter was 5.9% (18/306; CI95%: 3.25–8.52) in decoys and 2.3% (9/387; CI95%: 0.82–3.83) in wild raptors. Isolates were identified as C. jejuni, C. coli and C. lari in both bird groups. Salmonella was isolated in 3.3% (10/306; CI95%: 2.3–4.3) and 4.6% (18/394; CI95%: 3.5–5.6) of the decoys and raptors, respectively. Salmonella Enteritidis and Typhimurium were the most frequently identified serovars, although Salmonella serovars Anatum, Bredeney, London and Mikawasima were also isolated. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis of isolates showed higher genetic diversity within Campylobacter species compared to Salmonella serovars. Campylobacter isolates showed resistance to gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and tetracycline, while resistance to erythromycin and tetracycline was found in Salmonella isolates. The results indicate that both decoys and raptors can act as natural carriers of Campylobacter and Salmonella in Spain, which may have important implications for public and animal health. 相似文献
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Pan Sun Hongzhi Xiao Jianzhong Wang Suxia Zhang Xingyuan Cao 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2020,43(2):237-240
The pharmacokinetics of carbetocin, which is used to control postpartum hemorrhage after giving birth, was studied in cows and gilts after a single intravenous (IV) or intramuscular (IM) injection. Blood samples from animals were assessed by oxytocin radioimmunoassay, and then the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using a noncompartmental model. For gilts, there was no significant difference between half-life (T1/2λZ), mean residue time (MRT), and maximum concentration (Cmax) between IM and IV administration. Conversely, the time to reach the Cmax (Tmax) and MRT were higher following administration of 350 μg/animal in cows via the IM administration compared with IV. The longest T1/2λZ was 0.85 hr, indicating carbetocin was absorbed and eliminated rapidly in both animal species after administration. The Tmax was similar between cows and gilts following IM administration. Moreover, the Cmax after IM injection was about half that of IV administration in both animals. The bioavailability was more than 80% in cows, suggesting administration via the IM route is efficient. This is in agreement with the longer T1/2λZ in cows after IM administration. However, the IV route is recommended for gilts due to a lower bioavailability (35%) and shorter T1/2λZ after IM administration compared with IV. 相似文献
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Canine babesiosis caused by different Babesia species is a protozoal tick-borne disease with worldwide distribution and global significance. Historically, Babesia infection in dogs was identified based on the morphologic appearance of the parasite in the erythrocyte. All large forms of Babesia were designated Babesia canis, whereas all small forms of Babesia were considered to be Babesia gibsoni. However, the development of molecular methods has demonstrated that other Babesia species such as Babesia conradae, Babesia microti like piroplasm, Theileria spp. and a yet unnamed large form Babesia spp. infect dogs and cause distinct diseases. Babesia rossi, B. canis and Babesia vogeli previously considered as subspecies are identical morphologically but differ in the severity of clinical manifestations which they induce, their tick vectors, genetic characteristics, and geographic distributions, and are therefore currently considered separate species. The geographic distribution of the causative agent and thus the occurrence of babesiosis are largely dependent on the habitat of relevant tick vector species, with the exception of B. gibsoni where evidence for dog to dog transmission indicates that infection can be transmitted among fighting dog breeds independently of the limitations of vector tick infestation. Knowledge of the prevalence and clinicopathological aspects of Babesia species infecting dogs around the world is of epidemiologic and medical interest. Babesiosis in domestic cats is less common and has mostly been reported from South Africa where infection is mainly due to Babesia felis, a small Babesia that causes anemia and icterus. In addition, Babesia cati was reported from India and sporadic cases of B. canis infection in domestic cats have been reported in Europe, B. canis presentii in Israel and B. vogeli in Thailand. Babesiosis caused by large Babesia spp. is commonly treated with imidocarb dipropionate with good clinical response while small Babesia spp. are more resistant to anti-babesial therapy. Clinical and parasitological cure are often not achieved in the treatment of small Babesia species infections and clinical relapses are frequent. The spectrum of Babesia pathogens that infect dogs and cats is gradually being elucidated with the aid of molecular techniques and meticulous clinical investigation. Accurate detection and species recognition are important for the selection of the correct therapy and prediction of the course of disease. 相似文献
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深入研究了当归属及其相关7属,古当归属,高山芹属,柳叶芹属,独活属,欧当归属,山芹属及前胡属毛状体和果实结构。结果显示毛状体及果实结构(如:毛状体细胞,翅,油管,维管束,中果皮,内果皮,结合面及结晶)可以用于区分当归属及其相关类群。滇南当归及隆萼当归应从当归属移入独活属,其余当归属物种分为结合面宽及结合面窄两组,前者与前胡属较为相似,但与独活属差别较大,后者与古当归属,高山芹属,柳叶芹属,欧当归属有相似之处。支持分子系统学揭示的当归属不是个自然类群,当归属与前胡属共同位于当归分支,而独活属位于独活分支。山芹属果实结构与其他属不同,翅的中果皮无细胞,且伴生油管位于维管束内侧,为分子系统学显示此属与高山芹属,柳叶芹属,及欧当归属亲缘关系较远提供了形态学依据。 相似文献
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Elsie M. Denton Brenda S. Smith Erik P. Hamerlynck Roger L. Sheley 《Strength and Conditioning Journal》2018,71(1):25-34
Our ability to restore rangelands is limited, and it is unknown if seedling herbivory on its own, or in interaction with other stressors, is a major contributor to restoration failure. To address this, we conducted two experiments: a No Defoliation (ND) experiment (n = 48), in which seedlings from three perennial grasses (crested wheatgrass [Agropyron cristatum {(L.} Gaertn.], bluebunch wheatgrass [Psuedoroegnaria spicata {Pursh} Á. Love], Sandberg bluegrass [Poa secunda J Presl]) were subjected to wet and dry water regimes for 4 mo, and a concurrent Defoliation (D) experiment (n = 95), in which seedlings were factorially assigned to two defoliation treatments—frequency (LOW, HIGH) and intensity (30% vegetation removal, 70% vegetation removal). Indicators of seedling performance were aboveground and belowground biomass (AGB and BGB), root:shoot ratio, tillering, and mortality. The effect size statistic, Hedge’s g, allowed for comparisons between performance measures. Water stress induced reductions in most performance measures: BGB (g = ND: –1.3; D: –1.6), root:shoot ratio (g = ND: n.s.; D: –0.2), and tillering (g = ND: –1.7; D: –1.2), though not significantly for all species. For ABG, water stress interacted with defoliation, reducing performance less at an intensity of 70% (g = –2.0) as opposed to 30% (g = –3.0), but not always significantly in the former. Water stress also caused less reduction in AGB when no defoliation occurred (ND: –0.8; g = D: –2.5). Intensity and frequency of defoliation interacted; seedlings were generally resistant to reductions in performance except at high frequency, 70% defoliation. Agropyron cristatum and P. spicata displayed similar sensitivity to treatments, mostly in terms of changes in AGB and BGB, while P. secunda also experienced increased mortality and reduced tillering. If these differences in sensitivity result in differential survival, herbivory could impact species postrestoration population demographics. 相似文献
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Yong Wu Na-Jiao Zhao Yan Cao Zhuo Sun Qin Wang Zhao-Ying Liu Zhi-Liang Sun 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2020,43(2):208-214
Sanguinarine (SA) is a benzo[c] phenanthridine alkaloid which has a variety of pharmacological properties. However, very little was known about the pharmacokinetics of SA and its metabolite dihydrosanguinarine (DHSA) in pigs. The purpose of this work was to study the intestinal metabolism of SA in vitro and in vivo. Reductive metabolite DHSA was detected during incubation of SA with intestinal mucosa microsomes, cytosol, and gut flora. After oral (p.o.) administration of SA, the result showed SA might be reduced to DHSA in pig intestine. After i.m. administration, SA and DHSA rapidly increased to reach their peak concentrations (Cmax, 30.16 ± 5.85, 5.61 ± 0.73 ng/ml, respectively) at 0.25 hr. Both compounds were completely eliminated from the plasma after 24 hr. After single oral administration, SA and DHSA rapidly increased to reach their Cmax (3.41 ± 0.36, 2.41 ± 0.24 ng/ml, respectively) at 2.75 ± 0.27 hr. The half-life (T1/2) values were 2.33 ± 0.11 hr and 2.20 ± 0.12 hr for SA and DHSA, respectively. After multiple oral administration, the average steady-state concentrations (Css) of SA and DHSA were 3.03 ± 0.39 and 1.42 ± 0.20 ng/ml. The accumulation indexes for SA and DHSA were 1.21 and 1.11. The work reported here provides important information on the metabolism sites and pharmacokinetic character of SA. It explains the reasons for low toxicity of SA, which is useful for the evaluation of its performance. 相似文献
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This study estimated genetic and phenotypic parameters and annual trends for growth and fertility traits of Charolais and
Hereford cattle in Kenya. Traits considered were birth weight (BW, kg), pre-weaning average daily gain (ADG, kg/day) and weaning
weight (WW, kg); calving interval (CI, days) and age at first calving (AFC, days). Direct heritability estimates for growth
traits were 0.36 and 0.21; 0.25 and 0.10; 0.23 and 0.13 for BW, ADG and WW in Charolais and Hereford, respectively. Maternal
heritability estimates were 0.11 and 0.01; 0.18 and 0.00; 0.17 and 0.17 for BW, ADG and WW in Charolais and Hereford, respectively.
Direct-maternal genetic correlations ranged between −0.46 and 1.00; −0.51 and −1.00; −0.47 and −0.39 for BW, ADG and WW in
Charolais and Hereford, respectively. Genetic correlations ranged from −0.99 to unity and −1.00 to unity for growth and fertility
traits respectively. Prospects for improvement of growth and fertility traits exist. 相似文献
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A.M. Clarke M.J. Drennan M. McGee D.A. Kenny R.D. Evans D.P. Berry 《Livestock Science》2009,126(1-3):57-68
The objectives of this study were to compare the progeny of 1) late-maturing beef with dairy breeds and 2) Charolais (CH), Limousin (LM), Simmental (SM) and Belgian Blue (BB) sires bred to beef suckler dams, for feed intake, blood hormones and metabolites, live animal measurements, carcass traits and carcass value in bull and steer production systems. The bull system included 50 late-maturing beef breeds and 22 Holsteins (HO) slaughtered at approximately 15 months of age, whereas the steer system consisted of 56 late-maturing beef breeds and 23 British Friesians (FR) slaughtered at approximately 24 months of age. Beef breeds were suckled until approximately 8 months of age, while dairy breeds were artificially reared until weaning at approximately 3 months of age. All animals were finished on an ad libitum concentrate diet. Mean live weight, live weight gain, carcass gain and feed efficiency were greater (P < 0.05) in beef than dairy breeds in both systems during the finishing period when offered concentrates. Although there was no difference in feed intake between beef and dairy breeds, intake expressed relative to live weight was lower (P < 0.001) in beef breeds in both systems. At 10 months of age and pre-slaughter, beef breeds had higher (P < 0.001) muscularity scores and greater scanned muscle depth (P < 0.001) than their dairy contemporaries. Carcass weight, kill-out proportion, carcass conformation score, meat proportion and value were greater (P < 0.001) and carcass fat and bone proportions were lower (P < 0.05) in beef than dairy breeds in both systems. Insulin concentrations were lower (P < 0.001) in beef than dairy breeds, whereas there was no difference in blood metabolites or IGF-1 concentrations. Feed intake expressed relative to live weight or feed efficiency did not differ between CH, LM, SM or BB sired progeny. Muscularity scores were greater (P < 0.05) in BB than SM, whereas skeletal scores were lower (P < 0.05) in LM than SM. Limousin had lower (P < 0.05) carcass gain per day of age than CH and SM, whereas SM had a lower (P < 0.05) carcass conformation score than BB and CH and a higher (P < 0.05) carcass fat score than CH. Simmental had a lower (P < 0.05) carcass meat proportion and a higher (P < 0.05) carcass fat proportion than CH, LM and BB, which were similar (P > 0.05). The improvement obtained for beef over dairy breeds in live weight gain was 12%, while the improvements in carcass gain and meat produced was 24% and 33%, respectively. This demonstrates that the importance of carcass data contributing to breed comparison studies cannot be over-emphasised. 相似文献