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马传染性贫血病毒驴白细胞弱毒疫苗株致弱过程中不同代次病毒LTR的进化分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为揭示马传染性贫血病毒(EIAV)弱毒疫苗的减毒机理,本研究对EIAV弱毒疫苗株在体外驴白细胞传代过程中不同代次毒株的长末端重复序列(LTR)进行扩增和分析。结果显示:随着病毒在体外传代次数的增加,各病毒株遗传多样性逐渐增加,并与致弱前亲本株EIAVDV117的遗传距离逐渐增大;EIAV在体外传代过程中LTR的变异主要集中在U3区和R区的转录起始位点,但随着传代次数的增加,在负调节区丢失了GATA结合位点,并在增强子区出现了E-box基序。此外,传代初期低代次病毒株与后期的高代次弱毒株在负调节区的AP-1结合位点和转录起始位点以及TAR的起始位点存在明显差异。 相似文献
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将EIAV驴白细胞弱毒疫苗株在驴胎皮肤细胞中连续传代,分别提取第13代、18代、21代、23代、26代病毒培养物的前病毒DNA,以LTR特异性引物PCR扩增前病毒LTR,并进行克隆及测序分析。与本实验室已测定的驴白细胞毒株LTR的序列比较发现,驴胎皮肤细胞毒株LTR的U3负调节区出现大段的插入、点突变、缺失,U3增强子区变异较小。将LTR片段插入到pCAT-basic载体CAT报告基因前,转染驴胎皮肤细胞,通过检测CAT表达量来评价LTR的启动子活性。驴胎皮肤细胞毒株LTR的启动子活性随着病毒传代次数的增加而逐渐增强,而驴白细胞弱毒株LTR的启动子活性很低。 相似文献
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为进一步研究马传染性贫血病毒(EIAV)弱毒疫苗的减毒机制,本实验对EIAV弱毒疫苗的原始种毒EIAVLN40、亲本病毒株EIAVDV、驴白细胞弱毒疫苗EIAVDLV121和EIAVDV减毒过程中的3个中间代次病毒(EIAVDLV32、EIAVDLV62和EIAVDLV92)的gp90基因进行测序分析。结果显示,适应白细胞培养的病毒株的进化距离更接近,与亲本病毒株处于进化树的不同分支。与强毒株相比,适应白细胞培养的病毒株在9个位点发生优势氨基酸的转换和V3区糖基化位点191NSSN194的缺失。此外,伴随EIAV毒力减弱的过程,有8个位点出现优势氨基酸残基的转换,在各代次病毒株中V4区具有糖基化位点237NNTW240和246NETW249的克隆所占的比例逐渐降低,其中EIAVDLV121的糖基化位点237NNTW240完全缺失。 相似文献
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马传染性贫血病毒（Equine infectious anemia virus,EIAV）长末端重复序列（Long terminal repeat,LTR）是基因组中高度变异区之一,EIAV LTR的变异对于指导病毒的复制和病毒致病性具有重要的生物学意义。为了阐明我国马传染性贫血病毒弱毒疫苗毒力致弱的分子机制,由马传贫强毒至弱毒致弱过程中不同代次毒株LTR序列的分析,以驴胎皮肤弱毒株疫苗全长感染性克隆pLGFD3-8为父本,选取LTR R区的TAR起始碱基,poly（A）附加位点,采用反向遗传操作对其位点进行PCR体外定点突变,将弱毒序列构建的逆向点突变型全基因克隆转染到驴胎皮肤细胞（FDD）并在FDD上传代,通过逆转录酶活性（RT）检测、RT-PCR方法及real-time RT PCR检测并验证其感染性。检测结果为构建的逆向点突变型感染性克隆在FDD上被拯救,其衍生病毒感染的FDD上出现明显的细胞病变;细胞培养上清可检测到RT酶活性和RT-PCR阳性;电镜下可见大量典型的EIAV颗粒pLGFD-M点突变型嵌合克隆衍生病毒与其父本克隆衍生病毒pLGFD3-8复制水平相似。此结果为进一步深入研究LTR对马传染性贫血病毒复制水平和毒力的影响奠定了基础。 相似文献
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用PCR技术鉴定犬细小病毒弱毒疫苗株 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过分析比较犬细小病毒(CPV)弱毒疫苗株和强毒株的基因序列，设计了3条引物并组成2对引物，对弱毒疫苗株和强毒株进行了半嵌套式PCR扩增。第1轮PCR扩增的结果为CPV弱毒疫苗株和强毒株有相同的目的片段(585bp)；第2轮PCR扩增的结果为CPV强毒株有375bp目的片段，而CPV弱毒疫苗株没有375bp目的片段。对PCR产物进行电泳和酶切分析，结果证明PCR产物片段大小和酶切位点与设计的产物完全一致。特异性和敏感性测定结果表明，该方法是高度特异和敏感的，可用于弱毒疫苗毒株与强毒株的鉴定。 相似文献
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为了阐明我国马传染性贫血病毒(EIAV)弱毒疫苗致弱及免疫保护的分子机制,本研究分析了疫苗株及其亲本强毒株共34个囊膜基因序列.结果发现疫苗株在膜基因gp90 V4区潜在的N-连接糖基化位点出现了稳定的碱基替换,使该位点消失.为研究囊膜糖基化的作用,以疫苗株全长感染性克隆pLGFD3-8为亲本,利用反向遗传技术对该突变位点进行了糖基化序列回复突变操作,构建了全基因感染性克隆pLGFDg9.将其转染驴胎皮肤细胞(FDD).通过用逆转录酶活性、间接免疫荧光和RT-PCR方法检测而确定其感染性.结果表明,在FDD细胞中盲传3代后,在细胞培养物中可检测到逆转录酶活性,RT-PCR和间接免疫荧光检测均呈阳性,电镜下见到典型的EIAV颗粒. 相似文献
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我国从20世纪70年代开始使用EIAV弱毒疫苗后,在全国范围内基本控制了马传贫的发生,我们从现地少数EIAV琼扩阳性马外周血中扩增并克隆了二株EIAV前病毒5'LTR序列,并与国内外毒株5'LTR序列进行了比较分析,发现中国EIAV LTR特有的特异性细胞转录因子结合基序,同时发现PEA2位点不是强毒特有的基序,在弱毒中亦发现该基序. 相似文献
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为阐明我国马传染性贫血病毒（Equine infectious anemia virus,EIAV）弱毒疫苗致弱及免疫保护的分子机制,作者分析了疫苗株及其亲本强毒株共34个囊膜基因序列。结果发现疫苗株在膜基因gp90V3区的潜在N-连接糖基化位点出现稳定的碱基替换,使该位点消失。为研究囊膜糖基化的作用,以疫苗株全长感染性克隆pLG—FD3—8为亲本,利用反向遗传技术对该突变位点进行糖基化序列回复操作,构建全基因感染性克隆pLGFDg5。将pLGFDg5转染驴胎皮肤细胞（FDD）,通过逆转录酶活性和RT-PCR方法评价其感染性。结果表明,将pLGFDg5在FDD细胞中盲传3代后,可在细胞培养上清中检测到逆转录酶活性,用RT—PCR检测到EIAV保守基因片段,在电镜下可见典型的EIAV粒子。在FDD细胞上的病毒复制动力学分析显示,与其亲本克隆pLGFD3—8的衍生病毒pLGFD3-V相比,回复突变克隆衍生的pLGFDg5-V复制速度较慢,获得较低的病毒载量。体外抗体中和试验表明,与其亲本pLGFD3-V相比,引入潜在的糖基化位点g5降低了衍生病毒对中和抗体的敏感性。这一结果为N-连接糖基化在我国马传贫弱毒疫苗致弱机理的作用研究提供了重要依据。 相似文献
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多重聚合酶链反应快速检测鉴别鸡毒支原体强毒株和弱毒疫苗株的研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
根据鸡毒支原体强毒株和弱毒疫苗株基因组的结构特点，设计合成了二对引物XZ1，XZ2和XZ45、XZ46，建立了一种同时检测鉴别MG野毒株和弱毒疫苗株的多重PCR技术。试验结果表明，用这两对引物对MG强毒株和弱毒疫苗侏进行多重PCR，强毒株只扩增出732bp一条带，而弱毒疫苗株则可同时扩增出732bp、524bp二条带，而对其他种类鸡支原体和其它禽病病原的扩增不出现任何条带，结果均为阴性；敏感性测定结果表明，该多重PCR最低能检出1Pg的MG强毒株和弱毒疫苗株的DNA模板。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献