Characterization of wheat-alien translocations conferring resistance to diseases and pests: current status   总被引：25，自引：0，他引：25  

B. Friebe  J. Jiang  W. J. Raupp  R. A. McIntosh  B. S. Gill 《Euphytica》1996,91(1):59-87

Summary Wild relatives of common wheat, Triticum aestivum, and related species are an important source of disease and pest resistance and several useful traits have been transferred from these species to wheat. C-banding and in situ hybridization analyses are powerful cytological techniques allowing the detection of alien chromatin in wheat. C-banding permits identification of the wheat and alien chromosomes involved in wheat-alien translocations, whereas genomic in situ hybridization analysis allows determination of their size and breakpoint positions. The present review summarizes the available data on wheat-alien transfers conferring resistance to diseases and pests. Ten of the 57 spontaneous and induced wheat-alien translocations were identified as whole arm translocations with the breakpoints within the centromeric regions. The majority of transfers (45) were identified as terminal translocations with distal alien segments translocated to wheat chromosome arms. Only two intercalary wheat-alien transloctions were identified, one induced by radiation treatment with a small segment of rye chromosome 6RL (H25) inserted into the long arm of wheat chromosome 4A, and the other probably induced by homoeologous recombination with a segment derived from the long arm of a group 7 Agropyron elongatum chromosome with Lr19 inserted into the long arm of 7D. The presented information should be useful for further directed chromosome engineering aimed at producing superior germplasm.Contribution No. 96-55-J from the Kansas Experimental Station, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-5502, USA.  相似文献   

Partial asynapsis involving specific chromosomes in intervarietal hybrids of Triticum aestivum L.     

E. Ferrer  C. Galindo  J. M. Gonzalez  N. Jouve 《Euphytica》1986,35(2):529-537

Summary Metaphase I chromosome association of the monosomic F1 and the backcross progenies made to develop a monosomic line in the Spanish common wheat Pané-247 was analyzed using a Giemsa C-banding technique. This permits the unequivocal identification of nine meiotic chromosomes (4A, 7A and the seven chromosomes of the B genome). The average frequencies of pairing per arm and of univalents for these nine pairs per arm and of univalents for these nine pairs indicate a difference between arms. The F1 showed asynapsis with univalents in 18.5 per cent of PMC's in intervarietal hybrids. This mainly involved chromosomes 4A, 1B and 6B which also have the largest amount of constitutive heterochromatin. The possible causes of reduced metaphase I association and its rapid decrease during backcrossing are discussed in relation to polymorphism between heterozygous homologous chromosomes.  相似文献   

Cytogenetical studies in wheat XVI. Chromosome location of a new gene for resistance to leaf rust in a Japanese wheat-rye translocation line     

R. A. McIntosh  B. Friebe  J. Jiang  D. The  B. S. Gill 《Euphytica》1995,82(2):141-147

Summary A leaf rust resistant wheat-rye translocation stock, ST-1, introduced from Japan, comprised distinct morphological types. One type possessed a T1BL·1RS chromosome with genes Lr26, Yr9 and Sr31. A second type carried a new gene, Lr45, located in a large segment of rye chromosome translocated to wheat chromosome 2A. Its structure was identified as T2AS-2RS·2RL. Despite the homoeology of the 2A and 2R chromosomes and the high level of compensation provided by the translocation, Lr45 was not normally inherited and is probably associated with agronomic deficiencies that will prevent its exploitation in agriculture.Contribution No. 94-509-J from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Kansas State University, Manhattan, USA.  相似文献   

Identification of Rye Chromosomes Involved in Tolerance to Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus Disease in Wheat × Triticale Hybrids     

K. K. Nkongolo    K. C. Armstrong    A. Comeau    C. A. St.  Pierre 《Plant Breeding》1992,109(2):123-129

Common wheat × hexaploid triticale hybrids were produced and evaluated for tolerance to barley yellow dwarf virus disease (BYD). The BYD tolerance expression varied with wheat × triticale combination. The selection for BYD tolerance increased the recovery of tolerant genotypes in the next generations. Homozygous tolerant and susceptible lines were obtained in advanced generations. The rye chromosomes 1R, 2R, and 4R with 7R were transmitted as disomic or monosomic, disomic, and double disomic substitution to the late generations of ‘Musala’ (common wheat) בMuskox 658’ (triticale), ‘Encruzilhada’ (common wheat) בNord Kivu’ (triticale) and ‘Encruzilhada’× 12th. International Triticale Screening Nursery 267 (12ITSN267) (triticale), respectively. A clear association was established between the 1R chromosome of the ‘Muskox 658’ triticale line and the tolerance to BYDV. Results suggest that the 2R chromosome may be involved in BYD tolerance of ‘Nord Kivu’ triticale line.  相似文献   

A reevaluation of karyotype in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Jin-feng Chen  Jack E. Staub  Jiming Jiang 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》1998,45(4):301-305

A karyotype analysis was conducted on the mitotic chromosomes of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.; 2n = 2 × = 14), using improved chromosome preparation and C-banding techniques. Chromosome pairs were characterized on the basis of length and arm ratio value. The length of metaphase chromosomes ranged from 1.48 to 2.31 m, and the total length of the haploid chromosome complement was 13.06 m. The karyotype of this species was symmetric, and consisted of six metacentric and one submetacentric chromosomes. All chromosomes were defined by their unique C-banding patterns. The C-banded karyotype included centromeric, telomeric, and intercalary bands depending on chromosome pair leading to a precise identification of each pair. The C-banding patterns were distinctly different from observations made in previous study.  相似文献   

杉木根尖细胞染色体C带及荧光带型的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

徐进  施季森 《分子植物育种》2007,5(4):515-520

对杉木的根尖有丝分裂中期染色体进行研究,结果发现,杉木的染色体核型为2n=22=20m(2SAT) 2sm,10对染色体均为中间着丝粒染色体,只有1对(最小一对)为近中着丝粒染色体,第3对为具随体的染色体,核型不对称性属于1B型.对杉木的Giemsa C-带进行研究发现,有8对染色体有C带出现,只有3对染色体无C带,C带纹均出现在染色体的两臂.且利用C带在杉木11对染色体上的分布情况,能够较容易地辨认出11对中的5对染色体.而荧光分带研究的结果则为在杉木根尖细胞的中期分裂相中,只有CMA(色霉素A3)在带有随体的染色体的次缢痕和随体处有专一的荧光带纹,而DAPI无带.CMA带比DAPI带更适宜杉木的分带研究.最后讨论了C带与荧光带的在杉木染色体研究中的应用.  相似文献   

多枝赖草的C-分带与核型分析     

葛荣朝  赵宝存  沈银柱  黄占景  赵茂林 《中国草地学报》2004,26(3):72-74

通过对多枝赖草的根尖染色体进行常规制片分析和利用BSG方法对其染色体进行C-分带研究,确定多枝赖草的染色体核型组成为2n=4x=28=18m 10sm,确认多枝赖草的标准C-分带带型为2n=28=5CT 2CTI 2CT 1CTI 1CTI 1C 1T 1TI。  相似文献   

加州野大麦染色体C-分带、荧光原位杂交及其核型分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

孔芳  王海燕  赵彦  纪剑辉  曹爱忠  王苏玲  周波  王秀娥 《草地学报》2007,15(2):103-108

以二倍体加州野大麦(Hordeum californicum)及普通小麦中国春(Chinese spring,CS)-加州野大麦的双二倍体为材料,进行依次染色体C-分带和荧光原位杂交(FISH)分析.结果表明:小麦背景中的加州野大麦染色体都显示较强的末端带,7对染色体之间带的数目和强弱均存在明显差异,可以和普通小麦染色体相互区分开来;以45s rDNA为探针进行荧光原位杂交发现,二倍体和双二倍体中加州野大麦的NOR位点均位于第7对染色体短臂上;基于根尖细胞有丝分裂中期染色体C-分带和原位杂交结果,利用Motic images plus 2.0 ML软件"数码显微图像处理系统"进行核型分析,确定加州野大麦的核型为2n=2x=10 m(2SAT) 4 sm,属于较为对称性核型(Ⅱ A);加州野大麦染色体核型的建立,为利用远缘杂交和染色体工程转移加州野大麦的有利基因奠定了基础.  相似文献   

小麦高产抗病新种质9204R的分子细胞学鉴定     

樊小莉  王静  张玮  纪军  张相岐  李俊明 《麦类作物学报》2011,31(4):611-616

为给高产区小麦抗病性遗传改良提供新的育种材料,以高产小麦品种科农9204（Kn9204）为母本,以黑麦品种德国白粒（German White）和小偃6号杂交后代BC₂F₄选系BC0171为父本杂交,并以科农9204为轮回亲本回交两次,最终选育出抗条锈病的育种新材料9204R。本研究考察了9204R的主要农艺性状、苗期和成株期对条锈病的抗性。结果表明,9204R田间农艺性状优良,穗粒数表现为超亲,小区产量比对照品种石4185高1.7%。苗期对CYR29、CYR30、CYR31、CYR33、SU114和SU1111等条锈病生理小种表现为免疫,对CYR32表现为感病;成株期对混合小种（CYR29、CYR31、CYR32和CYR33)表现为高抗。应用连续C分带基因组原位杂交（GISH）技术对9204R进行染色体组成分析,发现9204R含有1对1RS/1BL易位染色体。应用微卫星（SSR）分子标记对科农9204和9204R进行分析,共有1对位于1RS 和4对位于1BS上的引物扩增出差异条带,推测2个基因型的1RS染色体来源不一致,9204R的1RS可能来源于黑麦品种德国白粒。  相似文献   

Molecular cytogenetic characterization of wheat–<Emphasis Type="Italic">Secale africanum</Emphasis> amphiploids and derived introgression lines with stripe rust resistance     

Zu-Jun Yang  Guang-Rong Li  Ju-Qing Jia  Xue Zeng  Meng-Ping Lei  Zi-Xian Zeng  Tao Zhang  Zheng-Long Ren 《Euphytica》2009,167(2):197-202

Two amphiploids, AF-1(Triticum aestivum L. cv. Anyuepaideng–Secale africanum Stapf.) and BF-1 (T. turgidum ssp. carthlicum–S. africanum), were evaluated by chromosomal banding and in situ hybridization. The individual S. africanum chromosomes were identified in the BF-1 background by sequential C-banding and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), and were distinguishable from those of S. cereale, because they exhibited less terminal heterochromatin. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using the tandem repeat pSc250 as a probe indicated that only 6R^a of S. africanum contained a significant hybrid signal, whereas S. cereale displayed strong hybridization at the telomeres or subtelomeres in all seven pairs of chromosomes. Extensive wheat–S. africanum non-Robertsonian translocations were observed in both AF-1 and BF-1 plants, suggesting a frequent occurrence of chromosomal recombination between wheat and S. africanum. Moreover, introgression lines selected from the progeny of wheat/AF-1 crosses were resistant when field tested with widely virulent strains of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici. Three highly resistant lines were selected. GISH and C-banding revealed that resistant line L9-15 carried a pair of 1BL.1RS translocated chromosomes. This new type of S. africanum derived wheat–Secale translocation line with resistance to Yr9-virulent strains will broaden the genetic diversity of 1BL.1RS for wheat breeding.  相似文献