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1.
猪生长肥育期背最长肌LPL基因表达与肌内脂肪含量相关研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选取健康、体重接近10 kg的杜洛克×长白×大约克去势公猪36头,体重达10,20,35,50,80,110 kg时各屠宰6头。从背最长肌提取总RNA,反转录为cDNA,以猪β-actin基因作为内参,利用实时荧光定量RT-PCR技术,对各阶段LPL mRNA进行相对定量分析;结合IMF含量及大理石纹评分,分析LPL基因表达水平对IMF含量等的影响。结果表明:LPL mRNA、IMF含量及大理石纹评分随体重增加均呈上升趋势,其中LPL mRNA表达量80 kg阶段显著高于10~50 kg阶段(P<0.05),肌内脂肪和大理石纹评分110 kg均高于10~50 kg阶段(P<0.01);IMF含量与大理石纹评分和LPL基因表达水平均呈现极显著正相关(P<0.01)。 相似文献
2.
本试验旨在研究纳米氧化锌对育肥牛生产性能、血清指标及背最长肌肌内脂肪(IMF)沉积相关酶活性和基因表达的影响。选用16头西杂阉公牛(西门塔尔牛×本地黄牛),随机分2组,每组8个重复,每个重复1头牛。对照组饲喂基础饲粮(不添加锌),纳米氧化锌组在基础饲粮的基础上添加80 mg/kg锌(纳米氧化锌形式)。试验期为60 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,添加纳米氧化锌显著提高了育肥牛的平均日增重(P<0.05),显著降低了料重比(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比,添加纳米氧化锌极显著提高了血清游离脂肪酸、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白、葡萄糖和胰岛样生长因子-Ⅰ含量(P<0.01),显著提高了胰岛素含量(P<0.05),极显著降低了葡萄糖/胰岛素比值(P<0.01)。3)与对照组相比,添加纳米氧化锌显著提高了背最长肌IMF含量和乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(ACC)活性(P<0.05),极显著降低了激素敏感脂肪酶(HSL)活性(P<0.01),显著降低肉碱转移酶-1(CPT-1)和脂蛋白脂肪酶(LPL)活性(P<0.05)。4)与对照组相比,添加纳米氧化锌显著提高背最长肌固醇调节元件结合蛋白-1(SREBP-1)、过氧化物酶增殖激活受体γ(PPARγ)、脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)和ACC基因表达量(P<0.05),显著降低了HSL和CPT-1基因表达量(P<0.05)。由此可见,饲粮添加纳米氧化锌(80 mg/kg锌)上调育肥牛背最长肌脂肪酸合成基因(FAS、ACC、SREBP-1和PPARγ)的表达,下调脂肪酸分解基因(HSL和CPT-1)的表达,增强脂肪合成酶(FAS和ACC)的活性,抑制脂肪分解酶(HSL和CPT-1)的活性,促进IMF沉积,改善肌肉品质,提高育肥牛生产性能。 相似文献
3.
莱芜猪脂肪代谢酶活性的发育性变化及其对肌内脂肪沉积的影响 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
以40~90 kg 6个体重阶段莱芜猪和新莱芜猪共72头为试验对象,研究了不同组织中脂肪代谢酶活性的发育性变化规律及其与肌内脂肪含量、背膘厚的关系。结果表明:(1)在生长期随着体重的增大,肌肉组织中脂肪合成酶异柠檬酸脱氢酶(ICDH)活性显著高于苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)活性(P<0.01);ICDH活性在60~70 kg时达到峰值,而后开始下降,MDH活性规律不明显;脂肪分解酶激素敏感脂酶(HSL)的活性先降后升,70~80 kg时活性最高。(2)背膘中合成酶MDH活性显著高于ICDH活性(P<0.01);MDH和ICDH活性都是先降后升,但总体升降幅度不大;HSL活性40~50 kg基本稳定,而后逐步增强。(3)肝脏组织中合成酶ICDH活性显著高于MDH活性(P<0.01);ICDH、MDH活性逐渐升高,至60 kg以后其活性趋于稳定,脂肪分解酶HSL活性的发育性变化规律不明显。(4)肌肉组织中的MDH、HSL活性与肌内脂肪含量呈极显著相关(P<0.01);肝脏组织中的MDHI、CDH与肌内脂肪含量呈显著正相关,ICDH还与背膘厚呈极显著正相关;背膘组织中的MDH、HSL与背膘厚呈极显著相关(P<0.01)。研究结果提示:肌内脂肪的沉积与背膘脂肪的沉积既存在一定的内在联系(通过肝脏),又具有一定的独立性,通过选择肌肉组织中脂肪代谢酶活性,在不显著影响皮下脂肪沉积量的前提下可望提高肌内脂肪的沉积量。 相似文献
4.
采用生物化学方法测定不同生长阶段(初生和30,60,90kg)的八眉猪肌肉(背最长肌、股二头肌)内 DNA,RNA 与蛋白质含量。试验结果:肌肉内 DND、RNA 与蛋白质含量,以及 DNA、RNA 与蛋白质总量均随着猪只生长表现出明显的变化规律。肌肉内 DNA、RNA 含量呈显著下降趋势,DNA 含量初生至60kg 阶段间差异极显著(P<0.01),RNA 含量30—60kg 阶段间差异显著(P<0.05),而肌肉中蛋白质含量略有升高,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。整块肌肉内 DNA、RNA 与蛋白质总含量均随体重的增长而增加,而且初生至30kg 阶段间差异极显著(P<0.01),30—60kg 阶段间差异显著(P<0.05)。 相似文献
5.
营养水平和性别对生长育肥猪胴体品质和肉质演变规律的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以长×荣杂交猪为对象,研究营养水平和性别对生长育肥猪胴体品质和肉质演变规律的影响。设高低两个营养水平,分别于20kg、35kg、50kg、80kg、100kg进行屠宰试验,测定了公母猪肌肉水分、肌间脂肪、失水率、肉色、肌纤维面积、胶原蛋白、次黄嘌呤随体重的变化规律。试验结果证明,20～50kg阶段,高低水平组间水分、失水率、肌间脂肪差异不显著(P>0.05),50～100kg阶段出现分化,到100kg屠宰时,高低水平组水分、失水率差异显著(P<0.05);肌间脂肪差异极显著(P<0.01);肌纤维面积生长规律呈“s”型,35～50kg时生长速度最大,50～80kg下降,80～100kg又上升;胶原蛋白、次黄嘌呤随体重增加而升高,到80kg时含量趋于稳定,高低水平间无显著差异(P>0.05);全期高低水平间肉色差异不显著(P>0.05);性别对肌间脂肪和失水率影响较大,100kg时,失水率公母间差异极显著(P<0.01),肌间脂肪差异显著(P<0.05)。 相似文献
6.
为了研究长白山野猪与杜洛克猪杂交1代猪肌内脂肪代谢酶激素敏感脂酶（hormone-sensitive lipase,HSL）和苹果酸脱氢酶（malate dehydrogenase,MDH）活性的发育性变化规律及其对肌内脂肪沉积的影响,试验以5个体重组（20、35、50、70和90 kg）的长白山野猪与杜洛克猪的杂交1代猪（简称野杜F1代猪,各40头,公、母各半）为研究对象,研究了肌肉组织中脂肪代谢酶活性的发育性变化规律与肌内脂肪含量和肌肉嫩度的关系。结果表明,在生长期随着体重的增加,肌肉组织中HSL和MDH的活性差异显著（P<0.05）,野杜F1代猪HSL活性均高于莱芜黑猪的活性（90 kg除外）,且在35 kg时,野杜F1代猪和莱芜黑猪差异极显著（P<0.01）;肌肉组织中的MDH活性变化,野杜F1代猪呈先升后降的趋势,活性最高点在70 kg;在90 kg时野杜F1代猪中MDH活性极显著低于莱芜黑猪（P<0.01）。不同体重阶段,肌肉嫩度差异显著（P<0.05）,且随着体重的增加而呈不断升高的趋势。相关分析结果表明,野杜F1代猪90 kg时肌肉组织中MDH活性与肌内脂肪含量呈极显著正相关（r=0.97,P<0.01）,HSL和MDH的活性与肌肉嫩度呈显著正相关（P<0.05）。研究结果提示,肌肉组织中的HSL和MDH对肌内脂肪的沉积量有一定的影响,可以通过控制其活性调节肌内脂肪的含量,且肌内脂肪的沉积量与肌肉嫩度有一定的联系。 相似文献
7.
本试验旨在研究初生重对新生梅山仔猪肝脏发育和脂代谢的影响。选取正常初生重(NBW)和低初生重(LBW)新生梅山仔猪各6头,不喂食母乳,出生6h内颈动脉放血致死。取仔猪血液测定血浆脂代谢指标,屠宰取样测定肝脏器官指数、肝脏脂代谢指标及相关基因的表达。结果表明:与NBW组相比,LBW组新生梅山仔猪的肝脏细胞粒径和面积极显著降低(P<0.01);血浆总胆固醇(TC)含量极显著升高(P<0.01),血浆低密度脂蛋白(LDL)含量显著升高(P<0.05),血浆甘油三酯(TG)含量极显著降低(P<0.01);肝脏TC含量显著降低(P<0.05),肝脏TG含量和脂蛋白脂酶(LPL)活性极显著降低(P<0.01),肝脏肝脂酶(HL)活性呈下降趋势(P=0.086);肝脏脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)和LPL的基因表达量极显著降低(P<0.01),肝脏激素敏感脂肪酶(HSL)的基因表达量显著降低(P<0.05)。上述结果显示,LBW会抑制新生梅山仔猪的肝脏发育,降低脂代谢功能。 相似文献
8.
本试验旨在研究饲粮代谢能水平对不同脂肪型脂肪酸结合蛋白(A-FABP)基因型北京油鸡屠宰性能和肌内脂肪(IMF)含量的影响。选择体重相近的42日龄北京油鸡公鸡480只,随机分成4组(每组6个重复,每个重复20只鸡),采用3层阶梯式笼养,分别饲喂代谢能为11.76、12.39、13.02和13.65 M J/kg的饲粮(Ⅰ~Ⅳ组)。试验期48 d。试验结束后,所有鸡只全部宰杀,测定屠宰性能;每个重复随机选取7只鸡,翅静脉采血,据A-FABP基因外显子1第51位碱基C→T突变进行基因分型,即未突变型(MM)、杂合型(MN)和突变型(NN),并测定IM F含量。结果表明:1)Ⅲ组(13.02 M J/kg代谢能组)北京油鸡的活体重、屠体率、全净膛率显著高于Ⅰ组(11.76 MJ/kg代谢能组)和Ⅱ组(12.39 MJ/kg代谢能组)(P<0.05),但与Ⅳ组(13.65 MJ/kg代谢能组)无显著差异(P>0.50)。2)13.65 MJ/kg代谢能组北京油鸡腹脂率分别是11.76、12.39、13.02 MJ/kg代谢能组的1.65、2.43和2.50倍,差异显著(P<0.05);与中等代谢能(12.39和13.02 MJ/kg)相比,高代谢能(13.65 MJ/kg)可增加NN北京油鸡的腹脂率,但对MM和MN无显著影响(P>0.10)。3)12.39 MJ/kg代谢能组北京油鸡胸肌IMF含量分别是11.76、13.02和13.65 MJ/kg代谢能组的1.35、1.34和1.32倍,差异显著(P<0.05),后3组间差异不显著(P>0.05);MM北京油鸡腿肌IMF含量和脂肪组织中A-FABP基因mRNA表达水平显著高于M N和NN(P<0.05),且A-FABP基因mRNA表达水平与腿肌IM F含量和基因型均存在显著相关性(P<0.01)。由此可见,13.02 MJ/kg代谢能饲粮提高了7~13周龄北京油鸡的活体重、屠体率和全净膛率;13.65 MJ/kg代谢能饲粮增加了北京油鸡的腹脂率,尤其是A-FABP基因外显子1第51位碱基C→T突变的北京油鸡,但未提高肌肉IMF含量。 相似文献
9.
为探究从江香猪胴体性状和肌内脂肪含量变化规律,通过测定117头从江香猪皮厚、10～11肋间背膘厚、眼肌深度、眼肌面积、背最长肌游离水分和肌内脂肪含量指标,分析性别和屠宰体重对各指标的影响及各性状间的相关关系。结果表明,性别对从江香猪10～11肋间背膘厚、眼肌深度和眼肌面积有显著影响(P<0.05),对游离水分和肌肉脂肪含量(IMF)均无显著影响(P>0.05)。随着屠宰体重的增加,除肌肉游离水分外,从江香猪各项测定性状均呈现出增加趋势,其中屠宰体重对10～11肋间背膘厚和眼肌面积有显著影响(P<0.05),对IMF含量无显著影响(P>0.05)。综合各项测定指标,从江香猪屠宰体重处于65～75kg阶段屠宰较优。IMF与游离水分呈现出强负相关关系(相关系数为-0.624),二个指标间回归曲线模型Y=594.93589-15.58725X+0.10251215X2,决定系数R2为0.8783,模型准确度较高。 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究不同蛋白质水平高精料饲粮对荷斯坦奶公牛生长性能、养分表观消化率及血清生化指标的影响。选取体重(197.07±11.11)kg和体况相近的荷斯坦奶公牛90头,随机分为3组,每组30头,各组间平均体重差异不显著(P>0.05)。试验分3个体重阶段(200~300 kg、300~400 kg、400~500 kg)进行。在每个体重阶段,Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组分别饲喂低、中和高蛋白质水平饲粮。在同一体重阶段各组饲粮能量水平相同,精粗比均为90∶10。试验期193 d。结果显示:1)试验各组各体重阶段及全期平均日增重(ADG)、干物质采食量(DMI)、可消化干物质采食量(DDMI)、DDMI/ADG和DMI/ADG均差异不显著(P>0.05)。2)200~300 kg体重阶段,Ⅰ组中性洗涤纤维(NDF)的表观消化率显著高于Ⅲ组(P<0.05);300~400 kg体重阶段,Ⅲ组粗蛋白质(CP)的表观消化率比Ⅰ组提高了4.27%(P<0.05),Ⅰ组的NDF表观消化率比Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别提高了16.06%和10.42%(P<0.05)。3)200~300kg体重阶段,Ⅲ组CP消化量极显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.01);300~400kg体重阶段,各组间CP消化量差异极显著(P<0.01),Ⅰ组NDF消化量显著高于Ⅱ、Ⅲ组(P<0.05);400~500kg体重阶段及全期,各组间CP消化量差异极显著(P<0.01)。4)各体重阶段,血清生长激素(GH)含量随饲粮蛋白质水平的升高有所增加,但各组间差异不显著(P>0.05);200~300 kg体重阶段,Ⅲ组血清甲状腺素(T4)含量显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05);300~400 kg体重阶段,Ⅲ组血清葡萄糖(GLU)含量显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),Ⅱ、Ⅲ组血清谷草转氨酶(AST)活性比Ⅰ组分别提高了8.63%和10.98%(P<0.05)。综合分析各项指标得出,在本试验条件下,6~12月龄不同体重阶段奶公牛的饲粮蛋白质水平建议值(干物质基础)如下:200~300kg体重阶段,饲粮蛋白质水平为15.00%;300~400kg体重阶段,饲粮蛋白质水平为15.00%;400~500kg体重阶段,饲粮蛋白质水平为14.00%。 相似文献
11.
The number of donkeys and mules throughout the world is stable, and awareness of their use and concern for welfare, pain recognition and treatment are receiving increasing veterinary interest. Therefore, accurate information about anaesthesia and analgesia in donkeys and mules is important to ever more equine practitioners. Since donkeys are physiologically and pharmacologically different from horses, knowledge on species specific aspects of anaesthesia and analgesia are very important. Mules combine elements from both donkey and horse backgrounds, leading to great diversity in size, temperament and body type. Physiologically, they seem to resemble horses more than donkeys. This review highlights the current knowledge on various anaesthetic and analgesic approaches in donkeys and mules. There is still much information that is not available about donkeys; in many circumstances, the clinician must use available equine information to treat the patient, while monitoring carefully to observe for differences in response to therapy compared to the horse. 相似文献
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K Militzer 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》1990,97(6):239-243
Ethological studies are important means to evaluate the behaviour of small laboratory animals (mouse, rat, guinea-pig and rabbit) and their housing conditions. At any rate, the only sparse range of body expressions, the smallness and preference of night activity of these animals and the erratic occurrence of essential behaviour patterns make the investigations more difficult. On the other hand, the standardization of laboratory housing and the genetic definition of these animals turn out to be favourable. By this way, behaviour-environment-relationships are suitable for evaluation. Taking into consideration methodical and biological restrictions, the specific activities such as fight, relaxed resting behaviour and play as well as unbalanced behaviour patterns and stereotypes can be taken as means of evaluation. Particularly in mice and rabbits, upright position and space consuming activities will be possibly restricted by cage sizes. 相似文献
14.
The large intestine of 10 cows was examined from the right abdominal wall with a 3.5 MHz linear transducer. The cows were then slaughtered, and the organs were re-examined in a water bath. The caecum was visualised from the middle region of the abdominal wall. It ran caudo-cranially, varied in diameter from 5.2 to 18.0 cm and was situated immediately adjacent to the abdominal wall. The lateral wall of the caecum appeared as a thick, echogenic, crescent-shaped line. It could be visualised as far cranially as the 12th intercostal space. Although its junction could not be identified, the proximal ansa of the colon was recognised on the basis of its anatomical position and its diameter, which was smaller than that of the caecum. The spiral ansa of the colon and the descending colon were situated dorsal to the caecum and could be identified by moving the transducer horizontally along the abdominal wall to the last rib. The spiral ansa of the colon was situated ventral to the descending colon, and its walls appeared as thick echogenic lines. In a contracted state, the spiral colon had the appearance of a garland. 相似文献
15.
Blood and urine samples of 180 dairy cows from 12 herds were examined. Sodium and potassium concentrations were determined in erythrocytes, whole blood, plasma, urine, and glucose concentration in blood: the interrelations were compared. Sodium and potassium concentrations in erythrocytes were 85.15 +/- 11.45 mmol/l, and 25.93 +/- 7.81 mmol/l, respectively. A statistically significant relation was found between sodium and potassium concentrations in erythrocytes (r = 0.3467+++) and the content of electrolyte in blood cells and in whole blood (Na: r = 0.5336+++; K: r = 0.3561+++). No statistically significant relation of intraerythrocyte concentration of both electrolytes was confirmed with respect to the other characteristics (sodium and potassium concentrations in plasma and urine, and glucose concentration in blood). In the conditions of routine laboratory diagnostics in clinically healthy cows, determinations of intraerythrocyte sodium and potassium do not broaden possibilities of evaluating the metabolic state of these electrolytes and cannot be used as the characteristics of energy insufficiency. The cannot replace the analyses performed in serum and urine. 相似文献
16.
Effects of age and diet on the development of the pancreas and the synthesis and secretion of pancreatic enzymes in the young pig 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
Effects of age and diet composition on amylase, trypsin and chymotrypsin activities in the pancreas and intestinal contents, pancreas weights and body weights were determined from birth to 56 d. A total of 120 pigs, five to seven pigs/litter from 18 litters, were slaughtered at birth, 14, 27, 29, 31, 42 and 56 d. Litters were allotted to dietary treatments (corn-soy, A; corn-soy + 20% dried whey, B; corn-soy + 5% lard, C) and offered these diets as creep feed at 14 d. All pigs were weaned at 28 d, placed in elevated nursery pens and fed their respective diets. Total activities of amylase, trypsin and chymotrypsin in the pancreas and small intestine increased (P less than .05) with age. Both trypsin and amylase activities, measured per kilogram body weight or gram pancreas weight, were low at 29 d in the intestine and increased to 56 d. Pigs on diet B had the highest level of trypsin and chymotrypsin in the intestinal contents (P less than .05). Trypsin activity in the pancreas (units/kg body weight) was lowest (P less than .05) for pigs on diet B and highest (P less than .05) for those on diet C (units/g pancreas and units/kg body weight). Amylase activity (units/kg body weight) was lower (P less than .05) in the pancreas for pigs on diet B than for those on diets A and C. Pigs on diet A had lower (P less than .01) intestinal amylase activities than those on diets B and C. Enzyme activities in the intestinal contents and pancreas were low following weaning. In the pancreas, activities decreased at 31 d.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
17.
本文应用Ｆｏｒｔａｎａ—Ｍａｓｓｏｎ嗜银颗粒染色法研究了貉、蓝狐、银狐的胃及十二指肠内嗜银细胞的形态分布。结果表明：三种动物胃幽门腺中，嗜根细胞数量最多，呈锥状，嗜银颗粒较粗，密度大、染成深黑色。在胃底及胃贲门腺区、嗜银细胞数量少。在十二指肠部嗜银细胞呈蝌蚪形，嗜银颗粒细，呈黑褐色，密度较小。嗜银细胞的分布密度在三种动物中具有一定的差别。 相似文献
18.
The rate of flow of fluid from the caecum and from the large colon was measured in four Shetland-type ponies fed a hay diet. In two ponies with cannulas in the caecum and at the origin of the right ventral colon, a continuous intracaecal infusion of a solution of chromium EDTA was used and samples were obtained from the cannula at the origin of the right ventral colon. Based on four determinations, the liquid flow from the caecum was 54.2 +/- 1.89 litres d-1. In the other two ponies with cannulas in the origin of the right ventral colon and near the end of the right dorsal colon, a continuous infusion of chromium EDTA was made into the right ventral colon and samples were obtained from the right dorsal colon. The flow rate towards the end of the dorsal colon was 49.4 +/- 1.25 litres d-1, based on four determinations. The capacities of the caecum and large colon after death were 7.0 +/- 0.8 and 17.7 +/- 3.7 litres, respectively. 相似文献
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20.
L R Whalen T L Spurgeon R E Carsten D H Gould 《American journal of veterinary research》1986,47(5):1063-1070
The maximal conduction velocities of compound-action potentials in the proximal and distal parts of the saphenous nerve were determined by averaging potentials evoked and recorded through needle electrodes. Antidromic, triphasic compound-action potentials unipolarly recorded from the distal part of the saphenous nerve were of the same minimal latency as potentials having 4 phases which were recorded bipolarly from the same site. However, the unipolarly recorded potentials were of greater amplitude. Monophasic compound-action potentials were recorded through bipolar chlorided silver electrodes from the surface of fascicles of the distal part of the saphenous nerve. The maximal conduction velocity of these potentials was in agreement with the conduction velocity of compound-action potentials of the distal part of the saphenous nerve which were evoked and recorded through subcutaneous needle electrodes. The specificities of the stimulating and recording sites were verified by recording before and after the saphenous nerve was cut between the stimulating and recording sites. Mean conduction velocities were 62.3 +/- 2.0 m/s for the distal part of the saphenous nerve and 66.3 +/- 2.2 m/s for the proximal part of the saphenous nerve. Reflex-evoked muscle activity was elicited in the ipsilateral tensor muscle of the fascia lata and semimembranous muscle after electrical stimulation of the saphenous nerve through subcutaneous needle electrodes. The effects of various stimulus intensities on the latency and duration of these reflex-evoked muscle potentials were determined. 相似文献