Data worth and prediction uncertainty for pesticide transport and fate models in Nebraska and Maryland,United States          下载免费PDF全文

Bernard T Nolan  Robert W Malone  John E Doherty  Jack E Barbash  Liwang Ma  Dale L Shaner 《Pest management science》2015,71(7):972-985

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Report on the 43rd Annual Meeting of the DPG-Working Group Nematology     

Daub  Matthias  Hakl  Ulrike  Molendijk  Leendert PG  Schomaker  Corrie  Been  Thomas H  van Beers  Thea G  Jivishova  Sevda  Jivishov  Emil  Keusgen  Michael  Bluemel  Roman  Fischer  Daniel  Grundler  Florian MW  Reuther  Marie  Cappel  Sabrina  Bauer  Harald  Lang  Christian  Watrin  Cliff  den Nijs  Loes JMF  Van Bruggen  Anne-Sophie  Karssen  Gerrit  Kiewnick  Sebastian  Büchler  Urs  Roth  Irma  Frey  Jürg 《植物病害和植物保护杂志》2015,122(4):189-193

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection -  相似文献   

Microarray-based detection of viruses causing vesicular or vesicular-like lesions in livestock animals     

Jack PJ  Amos-Ritchie RN  Reverter A  Palacios G  Quan PL  Jabado O  Briese T  Lipkin WI  Boyle DB 《Veterinary microbiology》2009,133(1-2):145-153

Definitive diagnosis of vesicular or vesicular-like lesions in livestock animals presents challenges both for veterinary clinicians and diagnostic laboratories. It is often impossible to diagnose the causative disease agent on a clinical basis alone and difficult to collect ample vesicular epithelium samples. Due to restrictions of time and sample size, once laboratory tests have ruled out foot-and-mouth disease, vesicular stomatitis and swine vesicular disease a definitive diagnosis may remain elusive. With the ability to test a small quantity of sample for a large number of pathogens simultaneously, DNA microarrays represent a potential solution to this problem. This study describes the application of a long oligonucleotide microarray assay to the identification of viruses known to cause vesicular or vesicular-like lesions in livestock animals. Eighteen virus isolates from cell culture were successfully identified to genus level, including representatives of each foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype, two species of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), swine vesicular disease virus, vesicular exanthema of swine virus (VESV), bovine herpesvirus 1, orf virus, pseudocowpox virus, bluetongue virus serotype 1 and bovine viral diarrhoea virus 1. VSV and VESV were also identified in vesicular epithelium samples, with varying levels of sensitivity. The results indicate that with further development this microarray assay could be a valuable tool for the diagnosis of vesicular and vesicular-like diseases.  相似文献   

Prevalence of gastric ulcers in Thoroughbred broodmares in pasture: a preliminary report     

le Jeune SS  Nieto JE  Dechant JE  Snyder JR 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2009,181(3):251-255

Gastroscopic examinations were performed in 62 Thoroughbred broodmares (33 pregnant, 29 non-pregnant) at one breeding farm to investigate the prevalence of gastric ulceration. Age, pregnancy status, race earnings, last race start, herd size, medical history, number of live foals, breeding years, feed type and number of feedings were recorded, plus coat condition and body condition score were determined. Twenty-one mares were re-evaluated after foaling, and the foaling date, foal weight at birth and placenta weight were recorded.The overall prevalence of gastric ulcers was 70.9%, with a median ulcer score of 3.0 (range: 2–5). Most ulcers were present on the squamous portion of the stomach, while two mares had glandular ulcers. There were no differences in the presence, location and severity of gastric ulcers between pregnant and non-pregnant mares. Furthermore, there were no significant associations between the variables measured and the presence of gastric ulceration. The prevalence of gastric ulceration in this specific population of horses was higher than expected and further investigation is warranted to determine the factors that contributed to this finding.  相似文献   

Resistance monitoring of Heliothis virescens to pyramided cotton varieties with a hydrateable, artificial cotton leaf bioassay     

Ana R. CabreraJaap Van Kretschmar  Jack S. BachelerHannah Burrack  Clyde E. SorensonR. Michael Roe 《Crop Protection》2011,30(9):1196-1201

Proof of concept was demonstrated for a practical, off-the-shelf bioassay to monitor for tobacco budworm resistance to pyramided Bt cotton using plant filtrates. The bioassay was based on a previously described feeding disruption test using hydrateable artificial diet containing a blue indicator dye, a diagnostic dose of insecticide and novel assay architecture. Using neonate larvae from a Bt-susceptible, laboratory reared tobacco budworm strain, a diagnostic dose for Bollgard II and WideStrike cotton was obtained that limited neonate blue fecal production to 0-2 pellets in 24 h (Bt-resistant larvae produced >2 fecal pellets). The bioassay was tested with three different field populations of tobacco budworm collected from tobacco in central North Carolina (USA) and shown to accurately diagnose susceptibility to Bt. The diagnostic doses were also successfully evaluated with two Bt-resistant, laboratory reared tobacco budworm strains. Shelf life studies showed the assay could be stored for at least 6 months at room temperature (longer storage times were not studied). The application of the bioassay as an easy to use monitoring tool is discussed.  相似文献   

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Gaultheria shallon</Emphasis> can be controlled by the herbicides picloram,triclopyr or glyphosate if they are applied at the correct time of year     

Ian H. Willoughby  Jack Forster  Victoria J. Stokes 《New Forests》2018,49(6):757-774

Salal (Gaultheria shallon) is a vigorous evergreen perennial shrub that is native to the west coast of North America, where it can reduce overstorey growth rates and negatively impact regeneration. Since its introduction into the UK almost a century ago it has become an increasing problem in many woodlands, where it completely shades out other understorey vegetation including young trees, preventing forest regeneration. Climate change is likely to favour its future spread in the UK, and in other regions which currently have a similar climate such as Ireland and northwest Europe. Non chemical management is only practical on a small scale, and to date efforts to control this invasive weed with herbicides have been largely ineffective. In our work we found that a single application of 2.69 kg active ingredient (a.i.) ha^?1 picloram [as 11.2 l ha^?1 Tordon 22 K (240 g l^?1 picloram)] diluted in water plus the adjuvant Mixture B NF at 2% of final spray volume, applied between spring and midsummer, killed all treated plants within two growing seasons. Treatment with 3.84 kg a.i. ha^?1 triclopyr [as 8 l ha^?1 Timbrel (480 g l^?1 triclopyr)] diluted in water plus Mixture B NF at 2% of final spray volume, sprayed initially when flower buds are swelling or flushed but vegetative buds are largely dormant (late April in southern Britain), with a repeat application made 4–8 weeks later, was also very effective. If triclopyr or picloram cannot be used, we also found that glyphosate can provide some control, but follow up treatment will be required. In addition, silvicultural practices such as the high density planting of heavily shade bearing species should be adopted to discourage subsequent reinfestation of cleared areas.  相似文献   

Steam explosion pretreatment used to remove hemicellulose to enhance the production of a eucalyptus organosolv dissolving pulp     

Daniela?Correia?MartinoEmail author  Jorge?Luiz?Colodette  Richard?Chandra  Jack?Saddler 《Wood Science and Technology》2017,51(3):557-569

The steam explosion (SE) pretreatment associated with the organosolv process was investigated to produce dissolving pulp from eucalyptus. Prehydrolysis Kraft (PHK) pulping was also done to produce viscose and acetate grade pulps as reference. The organosolv pulps were delignified in two steps with sodium chlorite. Viscose and acetate grade PHK pulps were bleached by OD₀(EH)D₁P and OD₀(EP)D₁PCCE sequences, respectively. Dilute acid-catalyzed (with acid addition) SE pretreatment dissolved more xylan than auto-catalyzed (no acid addition) SE pretreatment. Steam-exploded unbleached organosolv pulps showed lower residual lignin content and screened yield than unbleached organosolv pulps without SE pretreatment. Steam explosion pretreatment helped to decrease lignin content and damaged fiber length of unbleached organosolv pulps. The 1.0% H₂SO₄ organosolv pulp (organosolv dissolving pulp at bioconversion conditions) showed the highest reactivity. Even showing low viscosity for some applications, in general, the organosolv dissolving pulps produced in this study can be used for making lyocell fibers.  相似文献   

Activation of the ovine hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and febrile response by interleukin-6: A comparative study with bacterial lipopolysaccharide endotoxin     

Niel A. Karrow  Qiumei You  Carl McNicoll  Jack Hay 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2010,74(1):30-33

Sheep were subjected to immune challenge with either recombinant human interleukin-6 (rhIL-6; 2.0 μg/kg; n = 5), Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) endotoxin (400 ng/kg; n = 7), or saline (n = 6) to determine if IL-6 activates the febrile and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPAA) responses in sheep, and to compare these responses with those associated with endotoxemia. Blood was collected over time to measure plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and serum cortisol concentrations as indicators of HPAA activity. Unlike LPS, rhIL-6 was not pyrogenic in sheep at this challenge dose. In contrast, rhIL-6 elicited ACTH and cortisol responses that peaked earlier than those induced by LPS. These results suggest that this dose of IL-6, alone, is not sufficient to elicit the febrile response in sheep, however, it is a potent activator of the ovine HPAA response.  相似文献   

Lack of Native Vegetation Recovery Following Biological Control of Leafy Spurge     

Jack L. Butler  Stefanie D. Wacker 《Strength and Conditioning Journal》2010,63(5):553-563

Leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) is an aggressive exotic species that has been successfully suppressed in a variety of situations using classical biological control (flea beetles; Aphthona spp.). This 9-yr study investigated patterns of vegetation responses following significant reductions in leafy spurge cover and density by flea beetles in southeastern Montana. We hypothesized that the vegetation following leafy spurge suppression would be dominated by species and plant functional groups able to persist through heavy infestations. Flea beetles were first released in 1998, and by 2006 leafy spurge foliar cover was reduced 80% to 90% compared to 1998 values on both release and nonrelease plots. Although total cover of the resident vegetation, excluding leafy spurge, increased 72% to 88%, relative cover of the functional groups (native forbs, native sedges, native grasses, and non-native species) was similar among years and between release and nonrelease plots. Mean diversity and mean species richness values did not differ among years or between release and nonrelease plots (P < 0.05), but mean diversity on both release and nonrelease plots was significantly less than noninfested plots, although richness was similar (P < 0.05). Indicator species analysis revealed that non-native Poa spp. replaced leafy spurge as the dominant species on release and nonrelease plots. Conversely, noninfested plots contained a variety of native species with high indicator values. Although total abundance of the resident vegetation in 2006 was significantly greater than 1998, plant species composition and relative cover showed little change for the duration of the study. Failure of the native vegetation to recover to a community that approached nearby noninfested conditions may be attributed to a variety of interacting scenarios, some of which may be ameliorated by treating infestations as soon as possible to avoid long-term residual effects.  相似文献   

Application of Polymath Chemical Equilibrium Simulation Model for Struvite Precipitation in Soils   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Michael K. Miyittah  Sachin Gadekar  Pratap Pullammanappallil  Craig D. Stanley  Jean-Claude Bonzongo  Jack E. Rechcigl 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2012,223(5):1995-2005

A new speciation model developed and implemented in Polymath was found to be successful in predicting struvite precipitation in soils. Struvite (NH₄MgPO₄) has been identified as a mineral for the recovery of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Predicting struvite precipitation potential in soil is important for optimal quantification of nutrient species. Polymath and Visual Minteq models were used for prediction of several solid phases in the soil. One approach to immobilize P for solid-phase formation is by co-blending. Immobilization was achieved through the blending of an Al-based water treatment residual (Al-WTR) and with Ca?CMg-based materials [slag and magnesium oxide (MgO)]. The results suggest that Polymath model revealed solid Phases of dicalcium phosphate pentahydrate (DCPP), magnesium hydroxide (MHO), magnesium orthophosphate (v) docosahydrate (MP22), magnesium orthophosphate (v) octahydrate (MP8), and struvite, which were lacking in the modeling from Visual Minteq. Residual leachate from the co-blended amendments; Soil+WTR+Slag, Soil+WTR+MgO, Soil+MgO, Soil+Slag, Soil+WTR, and the control (without amendment) had struvite of 353, 199, 119, 90, 37, and 12?mg?l^-1, respectively. This implies that struvite, a phosphate mineral can be precipitated in the soil and could be released as nutrients for plant uptake. Struvite precipitation in soil and for reuse may reduce cost and may be a safe practice for sustainable environmental nutrient management.  相似文献