Segregation of microsatellite loci in second generation hybrid striped bass (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Morone saxatilis</Emphasis> × <Emphasis Type="Italic">Morone chrysops</Emphasis>)     

Klaus Kohlmann  Gert Füllner  Matthias Pfeifer 《Aquaculture International》2010,18(4):621-633

Within the framework of a larger project aimed to assess the potential of second generation hybrid striped bass for German aquaculture the genotypic segregation of five microsatellite loci was analysed in two progeny lots (n = 74 and 76, respectively). There was no consistent correlation between microsatellite genotypes and phenotypic category (white bass, hybrid, or striped bass). None of the individuals expressed neither only white bass nor only striped bass genotypes at all five loci. On the other hand, only hybrid genotypes at all five loci were detected in three individuals of lot 1 and four individuals of lot 2. Single loci tests for conformity of microsatellite genotypic segregation with Mendelian rules revealed significant deviations (P < 0.05) in four cases for lot 1 and in three cases for lot 2. If pooled over all five loci, both lots displayed highly significant deviations (P < 0.01) with an excess of hybrid genotypes and a deficiency of white bass genotypes. It is concluded that stabilizing selection performed on hybrid genotypes might be a suitable approach for practical aquaculture in Europe if the goal is to become independent of first generation hybrid fry supply and/or if establishing domesticated brood stocks of both parental species is impossible. However, more detailed studies on the characteristics and performance of multiple hybrid generations are needed.  相似文献   

An unexpected host for the endangered giant freshwater pearl mussel Margaritifera auricularia (Spengler, 1793) as a conservation tool     

Joaquín Soler  Catherine Boisneau  Philippe Jug  Nina Richard  Yann Guerez  Laure Morisseau  Karl Matthias Wantzen  Rafael Araujo 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2019,29(10):1758-1770

Nitrogen,phosphorus, potassium and magnesium contents of field vegetables — Recent data for fertiliser recommendations and nutrient balances     

Matthias Fink  C. Feller  H.-C. Scharpf  U. Weier  A. Maync  J. Ziegler  P.-J. Paschold  K. Strohmeyer 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1999,162(1):71-73

When calculating fertiliser recommendations and nutrient balances, growers and advisers usually do not do site specific measurements but use data from look up tables. Data given by older literature sources, however, do not take into account today's cropping practices. Therefore a databank on nutrient contents of total yields, marketable yields and harvest residues of 22 field vegetable crops is presented. This databank was compiled using results from topical field experiments and from recent literature.  相似文献   

Quantitative trait loci mapping of forage agronomic traits in six mapping populations derived from European elite maize germplasm          下载免费PDF全文

Pengfei Leng  Milena Ouzunova  Matthias Landbeck  Gerhard Wenzel  Joachim Eder  Birte Darnhofer  Thomas Lübberstedt 《Plant Breeding》2018,137(3):370-378

Four agronomic traits were analysed including dry matter concentration (DMC) and dry matter yield (DMY) for stover, plant height (PHT) and days from planting to silking (DPS). We mapped quantitative trait loci (QTL) in three populations with doubled haploid lines (DHL), one RIL population and two testcross (TC) populations derived from crosses between two of the four populations mentioned above to elite tester lines, based on field phenotyping at multiple locations and years for each; 146–168 SSRs were used for genotyping of the four mapping populations. Significant high phenotypic and genotypic correlations were found for all traits at two locations, while DMC was negatively correlated with the other traits. A total of 42, 41, 54, and 45 QTL were identified for DMC, DMY, PHT, and DPS, respectively, with 9, 7, 12, and 7 major QTL for each trait. Most detected QTL displayed significant interactions with environment. Major QTL detected in more than two populations will contribute to marker‐assisted breeding and also to fine mapping candidate genes associated with maize agronomic traits.  相似文献   

Metal accumulation and hydraulic performance of bioretention systems after long-term operation     

Björn Kluge  Arvid Markert  Michael Facklam  Harald Sommer  Mathias Kaiser  Matthias Pallasch  Gerd Wessolek 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2018,18(2):431-441

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Pesticide exposure assessment for surface waters in the EU. Part 1: Some comments on the current procedure          下载免费PDF全文

Martin Bach  Mirjam Diesner  Dietlinde Großmann  Djamal Guerniche  Udo Hommen  Michael Klein  Roland Kubiak  Alexandra Müller  Jan Priegnitz  Kai Thomas  Matthias Trapp 《Pest management science》2016,72(7):1279-1284

In 2001, the European Commission introduced a risk assessment project known as FOCUS (FOrum for the Coordination of pesticide fate models and their USe) for the surface water risk assessment of active substances in the European Union. Even for the national authorisation of plant protection products (PPPs), the vast majority of EU member states still refer to the four runoff and six drainage scenarios selected by the FOCUS Surface Water Workgroup. However, our study, as well as the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), has stated the need for various improvements. Current developments in pesticide exposure assessment mainly relate to two processes. Firstly, predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) of pesticides are calculated by introducing model input variables such as weather conditions, soil properties and substance fate parameters that have a probabilistic nature. Secondly, spatially distributed PECs for soil–climate scenarios are derived on the basis of an analysis of geodata. Such approaches facilitate the calculation of a spatiotemporal cumulative distribution function (CDF) of PECs for a given area of interest and are subsequently used to determine an exposure concentration endpoint as a given percentile of the CDF. For national PPP authorisation, we propose that, in the future, exposure endpoints should be determined from the overall known statistical PEC population for an area of interest, and derived for soil and climate conditions specific to the particular member state. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

Plant strengtheners enhance parasitoid attraction to herbivore‐damaged cotton via qualitative and quantitative changes in induced volatiles          下载免费PDF全文

Islam S Sobhy  Matthias Erb  Ted CJ Turlings 《Pest management science》2015,71(5):686-693

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Report on the 43rd Annual Meeting of the DPG-Working Group Nematology     

Daub  Matthias  Hakl  Ulrike  Molendijk  Leendert PG  Schomaker  Corrie  Been  Thomas H  van Beers  Thea G  Jivishova  Sevda  Jivishov  Emil  Keusgen  Michael  Bluemel  Roman  Fischer  Daniel  Grundler  Florian MW  Reuther  Marie  Cappel  Sabrina  Bauer  Harald  Lang  Christian  Watrin  Cliff  den Nijs  Loes JMF  Van Bruggen  Anne-Sophie  Karssen  Gerrit  Kiewnick  Sebastian  Büchler  Urs  Roth  Irma  Frey  Jürg 《植物病害和植物保护杂志》2015,122(4):189-193

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection -  相似文献   

Effects of Bacillus cereus var. toyoi on immune parameters of pregnant sows     

Schierack P  Filter M  Scharek L  Toelke C  Taras D  Tedin K  Haverson K  Lübke-Becker A  Wieler LH 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2009,127(1-2):26-37

Changing immune parameters during pregnancy have previously been reported in humans and cattle, and have been suggested to contribute to increased susceptibility to infections. However, data regarding immune parameters during pregnancy in sows are rare. In this study, we investigated the peripartal immune status of sows using phenotypical (FACS analysis) as well as functional (proliferation assays, cytokine analysis) parameters of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in pregnant sows. In previous studies, we reported a modulation of the immune system after feed supplementation of the probiotic Bacillus cereus var. toyoi in piglets [Schierack, P., Wieler, L.H., Taras, D., Herwig, V., Tachu, B., Hlinak, A., Schmidt, M.F., Scharek, L., 2007. Bacillus cereus var. toyoi enhanced systemic immune response in piglets. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 118, 1–11]. Here, we extended these previous studies to include investigations of possible probiotic effects on the peripartal immune status of sows and their reproductivity. We show that immune parameters of sows change during pregnancy, the proliferative response of PBMCs to several bacterial antigens in control animals decreased from days 90 to 30 ante partum. Relative numbers (%) of CD3+CD8+, CD4+, cytotoxic T, CD14+ and CD21+ cells were reduced compared to non-pregnant sows. In contrast, the proliferative response of PBMCs of probiotic-treated sows increased during pregnancy. Bacterial antigens primarily stimulated the proliferation of naïve CD21+ cells and the relative CD21+ cell numbers were elevated in the probiotic group in the absence of effects on other immune cell populations. The clinical and microbial status of both control and probiotic sows was similar, excluding pre-existing health problems or infections as responsible for the immunological changes, and feed supplementation also had no significant effects on reproductivity. The results suggest that the probiotic B. cereus var. toyoi can alter the proliferative response of lymphocytes and affects the immune cell population ratios of pregnant sows. How and to what extent this may affect health and reproductivity should be the focus of further studies.  相似文献   

Defining output-based standards to achieve and maintain tuberculosis freedom in farmed deer, with reference to member states of the European Union     

Simon J. More  Angus R. Cameron  Matthias Greiner  Richard S. Clifton-Hadley  Sandra Correia Rodeia  Douwe Bakker  Mo D. Salman  J. Michael Sharp  Fabrizio De Massis  Alicia Aranaz  M. Beatrice Boniotti  Alessandra Gaffuri  Per Have  Didier Verloo  Michael Woodford  Martin Wierup 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2009,90(3-4):254-267

Within the European Union (EU), detailed legislation has been developed for cattle, but not deer, to minimise disease risks associated with trade in animals and animal products. This legislation is expressed as input-based standards, providing a detailed outline of the activity required (for example, testing of animals and application of defined control measures), on the expectation that an adequate output (for example, confidence in freedom) will be achieved. Input-based standards are at odds with the increasing shift towards output-based standards, particularly in OIE rules governing international trade. In this paper, we define output-based standards to achieve and maintain freedom from tuberculosis (TB) in farmed deer, with reference to EU member states. After considering the probability of freedom achieved for cattle under existing EU legislation, we defined a ‘free farmed deer holding’ as one with a probability of freedom from infection of at least 99%. We then developed an epidemiological model of TB surveillance systems for deer holdings, incorporating different surveillance strategies, including combinations of diagnostic tests, and a variety of different scenarios relating to the potential for introduction of infection. A range of surveillance strategies were identified to achieve and maintain a free farmed deer holding, and worked examples are presented. The surveillance system sensitivity for varying combinations of screening and confirmatory tests in live animals, animals at slaughter and on-farm deaths is also presented. Using a single test at a single point in time, none of the TB tests routinely used in farmed deer is able to achieve an acceptable probability of TB freedom. If repeat testing were undertaken, an acceptable probability of TB freedom could be achieved, with differing combinations of the surveillance system sensitivity, frequency of testing and risk of introduction. The probability of introduction of infection through the importation of infected deer was influenced by the use of a pre-movement test (assumed 90% test sensitivity and negative test results), the TB prevalence in the source herd and the number of animals imported. A surveillance system sensitivity of at least 81% was achieved with different combinations of annual live animal surveillance and surveillance of animals at slaughter or on-farm deaths. This methodology has broad applicability and could also be extended to other diseases in both deer and other species with relevance to trade in animals and animal products.  相似文献